I-Smolenskoye emangcwabeni eSt. Petersburg: idilesi, i-chapel ye-Xenia Iyolo (iSt. Petersburg) kunye nembali. Indlela yokufikelela kumangcwaba kaSmolensk

Umangcwabo waseSmolenskoye eSt. Petersburg, mhlawumbi, unokuthiwa ngumdala kunabo bonke kwisixeko. Kwabonakala malunga nexesha elifanayo kunye nesixeko ngokwawo. Ngaphezu koko, le ndawo inomtsalane imfihlelo yayo, ingqiqo kunye neengcamango ezininzi.

Kutheni Smolenskoye

Kukholelwa ukuba ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweSt. Petersburg kwabasebenzi baseSvound yaseVasilievsky baseSmolensk beza. Ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima kunye neemeko zokuphila ezimbi, bafa kwangethuba. Kwaye bangcwatyelwa ngaselunxwemeni lwasemzantsi kwesiqithi e-Black River. Ukususela ngoko, intsimi ecaleni kwayo ibizwa ngokuba yiSmolensk.

Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba, le nguqu yinto nje yomntu. Amagama omlambo namangcwaba avela emva kokwakhiwa kwecawa ezinikezelwe kwi-Icon Smolensk I-Mother of God kule ndawo. Umbhali wale icon nguye uSt. Luka. UVladimir Monomakh uyithumele kuSmolensk. Ngoko ke igama elifanayo.

Ngomnyaka we-1792, icawa yahlengahlengiswa kwaye yaphinde yakhanyiswa igama likaMngelo omkhulu uMichael. Nangona kunjalo, icawa ayisindanga nanamhlanje, njengoko yachithwa ngekhulu le-19.

"Emibini" yamangcwaba eSmolenskoye

I-St. Petersburg kunye namangcwaba adumeleyo banembali efanayo kunye nokuqala kwangaphambili. Ngoko, emva kokunqoba kwePoltava, ngokubulela kuyo umthamo osenyakatho, akukho mnye owamkelwa ngamangcwaba ngokusemthethweni kwisixeko. Kwenzeka ntoni, bangcwaba apho. KwiSiqithi saseVasilevsky bangcwatyelwa ngasecaleni lasekhohlo loMlambo waseSmolenka (owayengumNayile omnyama). Ngo-1710 kwakhiwa umkhosi wamasosha apha, kwaye amangcwaba waba yindawo yokungcwaba amabanjwa awafa ejele laseSt. Petersburg. Kukho ngonyameko ukuba izigebengu ezifileyo zazingcwaba ngamashanga.

Ngaphantsi kwegama elithi "Amangcwaba kaSmolenskoye" kuqondwa ngamangcwaba amabini ahlukeneyo, ahlala ecaleni - iOthodox kunye neLuthela (isiJamani). Omdala ngumOthodoki.

Indawo yokungcwaba yamangcwaba yayiku-1738 ngokulandelwa kweSinod. Amangcwaba aseJamani avuleka kamva - ngo-1747.

Amangcwaba abekwa ngokulandelelana kwaye ahlaziywe. Ekubeni kwakungekho i-chapel yayo, ngowama-1755 ibandla lakhiwa ngokuhlonipha i-Smolensk Icon yoMama kaThixo. Ukususela ngoko, apha baqala ukungcwaba kunye neendawo zonqulo, kunye nabahlali besixeko, kunye nama-cadets. Ngowe-1807, iinqaba zamagosa aseMalta zazingcwaba. Ngomnyaka we-1831 kwakukho indawo ebiyelweyo yokungcwaba kwabantu abafa ngekholera.

Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-19 lemangcwaba yaseSmolensk eSt. Petersburg ibonwa njengowona mkhulu kulo mzi. Ngomnyaka we-1860, inani labantu abangcwatyelwe ngamashumi ama-350 amawaka. Kuza kube yimini, intsimi yecawa yecawa i malunga namahektare angama-50.

Umkhukula

Ekupheleni kowama-1824, umkhukula waphahla emangcwabeni eSmolenskoye. Zonke izicingo zachithwa, iziphambano zahlanjululwa, izizathu zokungcwaba zalala phantsi komhlaba kangangokuthi kwakunzima ukuzifumana. Abaninzi emva kokukhukula kwaye abanakufumana amathuna abo bathandekayo. Umkhukula wonakalisa yonke i-archive eyayisebandleni, kuphela iincwadi zeparadesi ezazigcinwa ekhaya abagcinwa ekhaya. Ibandla likaMngelo omkhulu uMichael labhujiswa phantse emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoko, kwafuneka idilizwe, ekubeni isakhiwo sasingekho phantsi kokubuyiselwa. Ngethuba lokhukula, abathathu abafazi badala bamanzi, abangeke babaleke.

Ngelinye igama, onke amangcwaba athathwe ngokudideka kwaye alahlekelwa yilahleko enkulu. Kuthatha ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu ukuze yonke into ihlambuluke kwaye ibuyiselwe. Nangona kunjalo, amaninzi angcwatywanga afunyanwanga. Ngokomzekelo, indawo yokungcwaba yama-knights yaseMalta.

Umlando wabangamashumi amane abingeleli

Emangcwabeni eSmolenskoye eSt. Petersburg, njengommiselo, egcwele. Izihlobo kuphela ziza apha ziza kubingelela umntu oshonile, kodwa zifuna ukuhamba kwaye zijonge kumangcwaba abantu abadumileyo, kunye nabo banqwenela ukungena emkhatsini wemfihlakalo kunye nemfihlelo. Kwiindawo ezindala zembali yamangcwaba, egijime kakhulu, ngokweengcamango, umntu unokudibana nezidalwa. Uninzi lweembali zidibene nale ndawo. Yaye eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu kwaye iyingozi kakhulu umlando wabangcwaba abangama-40 egameni lokholo. Abaphengululi abaninzi kunye neembali-mlando bakholelwa ukuba oku akuyona nje ingcamango, kodwa isiganeko esenzeka ukuba yinyani.

Kwiminyaka engama-20 yenkulungwane yokugqibela, abaphathi babamba ababingeleli abangamashumi amane, ababandakanya i-Leningrad diocese. Ababanjelwe baziswa emangcwabeni eSmolensk. Bakhelwe ngcwaba lokuguba kwaye banikezelo lokuzikhethela: mhlawumbi ubomi bubatshintshiselwe ukulahla unkulunkulu, okanye ukufa. Akukho bani wabingeleli ababengafuni uThixo. Kwaye bonke bangcwaba bephila. Ngokutsho kobufakazi bokuzibonela, iintsuku ezintathu ukususela emhlabathini ukugxekwa kwabafel 'ukholo bavela ngaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye ke ingcwaba yakhanyiswa yintonga kaThixo, yaye yahlalisa.
Nangona kunjalo malunga nekhulu leminyaka sele idlulile kwintlekele, abantu beza ethuneni bakhumbule imemori yabantu abangamashumi amane. Ingcwaba ihlala ikhanyise ikhandlela kunye neentyatyambo.

Ukholo lwe-Xenia wasePetersburg

Umangcwabo waseSmolenskoye ubizwa ngokuba udume kwi- chapel yeso sixeko sase-Xenia Ubusisiwe, umlamli nomgcini we-St. Petersburg. Kwaye igama le-patroness linxulumene neengcamango ezininzi.

Ngoko, ngokutsho komnye wabo, intombazana encinane iXenia, ukuba ingcwabe indoda yakhe, yabela ihlwempu yonke into eyayinayo, yambatha ingubo yakhe yaza yahlazeka. Kwaye ekutshiseni nasebushushu, wajikeleza ngezitrato zedolophu waza waxelela abadlulayo-zonke iintlobo zobuqhetseba. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza kwacaca ukuba yonke into eyayitshiwo nguXenia yayinentsingiselo ebalulekileyo. Wayephethe isipho se-clairvoyance.

Emva kokufa kukaXenia, abantu baqala ukufika ethuneni le-insane kumangcwaba eSmolensk. Ngokukhawuleza bakha isahlulo ngokuhlonipha kwakhe. Eli cawa alizange livale nangethuba lamaSoviet. Abantu bakholelwa ukuba ukuba amaxesha amathathu ecaweni, ngelixa becinga ngohlobo lwabo obusondeleyo, ngoko Xenia Ubusisiwe uya kuzalisekisa umnqweno. Mhlawumbi ke ngoko, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana nabathandekayo.

Akunamali nje

Umangcwabo waseSmolenskoye eSt. Petersburg udumiwe kuphela ngenxa yeemfihlelo zawo. Abaninzi abaPetersburger abadumileyo bahlala kwintsimi yamangcwaba.
Izikhanyiso zenzululwazi, njengeZablotsky, Viskovatov, Beketov, abalobi beSolubub, iCharskaya, i-Emin, abaculi bamaKhovsky, iSheetsv, iJordan kunye neStchukin.

Ngaphakathi kwendlela yokumangcwaba ungabona amangcwaba aseMozhaisky - indoda eyayilungisa iinqwelo-moya zokuqala zomhlaba, umdali weenqwelo zokulwa - uPopov, umhambi owaziwayo uSemenov-Tien-Shansky, umkhumbi wezilwandle uValkitsky, umphathi wenkwenkwezi "Panther" iBaktin, kunye nomntakwabo kaDostoyevsky kunye nabantakwabo.
Akukude nomngcwaba wabafundisi abangamashumi amane ngumendo weBlok. Kule ndawo ngo-1921 u-Alexander Blok wangcwatywa. Ingcwaba lomlobi sele lifudlulelwe emangcwabeni eVolkov, kodwa indawo "yasekuqaleni" ayizange ikhohliwe. Kukhona ilitye elikhunjulwayo, kunye neentyantyambo zivela kubalandeli.

Ukongeza kumangcwaba amanani adumile, kukho izikhumbuzo ezintle kunye ezingavamile kwiindawo zamangcwaba eSmolensk. Ngokomzekelo, isikhumbuzo esinikezelwe kwiipolisi zaseRashiya, ezigcinwe kwixesha langaphambili. Esi sikhumbuzo sihlale sigcinwe ngamapolisa esithuthi.

Amangcwaba namhlanje

Kwiminyaka engemva kokuguquka, amangcwaba avaliwe ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezihlalo. Kwaye inxalenye yomhlaba kunye namangcwaba anikezelwa ukwakhiwa ... we-kindergarten.

Ukuze kugcinwe ubuncinane izikhumbuzo kunye nama-tombstones amanani adumile, bathuthelwa ku-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Namhlanje, inxalenye ye-Orthodox yamangcwaba yabuyiselwa: ama-gravestones, i-chapel yabuyiselwa, ama-alleys aphuculwe, kwaye i-archive ekhethekileyo yamangcwaba onke agcinwa. Ibangcwaba ayisayi kungcwatyelwa (ngaphandle kweemeko ezizodwa).

Inxalenye yaseJamani inokutshatyalaliswa okukhulu, kwaye nakhona kukho iindlebe malunga nokubhujiswa okuzayo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku akukho tshintsho, kwaye nanku kubuye kukhangele kwizikhumbuzo ezigcinwe ngekhulu le-18.

Ngoko, ukuba uthe wagqiba ukutyela emangcwabeni kaSmolensk, njani ufike khona? Isikhululo se-metro esiseduze nguVasileostrovskaya. Ephantse ekuphumeni kwi-metro yima. Thatha iteksi No. K-249 uze uqhube imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kwiKamskaya Street. Kuyo, naluphi na ukuya khona, hamba ngqo, phambili - emangcwabeni kaSmolensk. Idilesi: I-3 Kamskaya Street.