Iimpawu kunye nefilosofi isakhiwo

Ngokufunda ifilosofi, iimpawu zayo kunye neenkcukacha, asinakukwazi ngoyaba isakhiwo sayo. Ngenxa yokuba omnye imisebenzi ephambili yale inzululwazi - ukunika isikhokelo umntu buqu self-determination, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iinkalo zobomi, ngokusekelwe apho umntu ukuchonga kuzo wena. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo inzululwazi kubonisa ezi ndidi zilandelayo (scope):

• nemvelo (oku kuquka uxolo kunye nendawo);
• uluntu (yonke imbali kunye nemithetho yayo);
• abantu (njengomntu ozimeleyo, kunye iimpawu psychological ngabanye) ;
• nenqanaba lokuqonda (ngokomoya kunye neenkqubo kwengqondo yomntu).

Kuyinto kwezi kwimimandla kunye zenza i uhlobo bulumko skeleton wabumba amacandelo afanelekileyo ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Kwaye ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukwazi ukwahlula iimpawu kwicandelo ngalinye noshowo.

Udidi bemvelo, uxolo kunye nendawo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intanda ngesakhiwo licebisa kule ndawo kwindawo yokuqala. Oku kungenxa yokuba lo mba kumba kakhulu jikelele. Kukho amacandelo athile ukuba bajongane nemiba ethile - ontology (ukuba njengoko anjalo), intanda zendalo (being kunye nohlobo ngokubanzi), ngokuma (uhlobo kunye iimpawu yonke). Kakade ke, ezi ntsingiselo abayazi khona ngaphandle nezinye iinzululwazi, ezifana ibhayoloji, physics, ngeenkwenkwezi, kwaye nkqu chemistry, kodwa umongo wale inzululwazi le miba zithathwa ukusuka kwindawo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo umbono.

Society nokubaluleka kwayo ifilosofi

Imiba uluntu izibandakanye zenzululwazi ezininzi, kuqukwa kwabantu, nezifundo zenkcubeko, ngezengqondo bulumko. Ke ukuba, umzekelo, xa isosioloji kubalulekile ukuqaphela umkhwa uluntu (amaqela amancinane kunye ezinkulu), i "inzululwazi enyangweni" lizinikele ekuqondeni le mithetho. Ngenxa yoko, kule inzululwazi kubalulekile uluntu kunye nesakhiwo sayo. Philosophy kufuneka ingqalelo oku ngokomxholo ukuzalana liqela elithile labantu nemvelo (apha akunakwenzeka ukuba aye kudidi yokuqala), uluntu ngokubanzi kunye ubuntu babantu, ngqo, uluntu ngokwalo historicism.

Ukuqonda-bulumko yabantu

Kwaye nangona lo bulumko ngesakhiwo kubandakanya udidi "man" njengoko sphere ezahlukeneyo, kule meko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba bathethe kakhulu malunga ibonwa kunye neempawu zawo ngokubanzi. Nangona umntu kumbindi bulumko lwentlalo kunye Ukufundwa bulumko. Ekukholelwa ukuba inkqubo yokucinga yomntu ngokukhawuleza kangangoko ukuba bafikelele ingqiqo ubomi nayo yonke enye into ebalulekileyo ukuze aqondise yophuhliso ubuqili yayo. Kwakhona, kukho imfuneko ukubuyela kwenye yeendawo eziphambili isakhiwo ulwazi lwenzululwazi, kuba kunjalo akunakwenzeka ukukhanyela impembelelo naliphi na iqela loluntu okanye noluntu luphela phezu ngamnye. Kodwa ukuze siqonde ukuba yintoni na umntu njengomntu olupheleleyo ayikhankanyi ukuba abayiqondi into isakhiwo bulumko.

Eli nqanaba lokuqonda ifilosofi

Emva kokufunda nokuqonda iindawo hundzeke ezisisiseko kwizifundo zesayensi, kukho imfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na isakhiwo lokuqonda-bulumko. Nantso selisiza ziyabanceda mass nezinye izinto zenzululwazi, kuquka logic kunye yokuziphatha, kunye obunzulu, kwakunye inkolo kunye nezinye ulwazi abafuna ukutyhila kakuhle ingqondo yomntu. Zonke ezi uqeqesho yamandulo ezingqondweni zabantu ngokwembono iingxaki zenzululwazi. Ke ukuba, umzekelo, i-logic liya kuphonononga lokuqonda koluntu ngokwembono imithetho esisiseko kunye nezithethe zokucinga, yokuziphatha kuya kufuna ukuba aphendule imibuzo malunga iyangqinelana lomntu ngamnye.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba bulumko ngesakhiwo kubonakala kakhulu ilula, nokuba elula, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba isifundo eyahlukileyo kwezi zibakala nzima. Kubonakala ukuba eli candelo lunemiqathango kakhulu. Ukufunda naluphi udidi lwenzululwazi jikelele, kufuneka kusoloko kukhunjulwa, kunye nezinye iindawo, leyo ngokubanzi babumba eli inzululwazi.