LweNtlalo kunye eziphilayo ngomntu. Philosophy: nengxaki ukuzalana yebhayoloji kunye nentlalo yomntu

Uphuhliso komntu kunye noluntu ngenxa yokuqhelaniswa zentlalo ekubunjweni ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu. Sona kanye uhlobo womntu isekelwe qho loluntu, ethe yabonakalisa kwimisebenzi ngokwasengqondweni, zenkcubeko nezentlalo. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba phantsi umba abantu emniniyo iintlobo zebhayoloji, esinika ekuqaleni thina neemvakalelo yemfuza. Phakathi kwazo kukho umnqweno kusinda, okuzala uze ugcine nenzala.

Nokuba siqwalasela eziphilayo, nentlalo yomntu ngokufutshane, kufuneka ukhankanye imvelaphi iingxabano ezivela uhlobo ezimbini. Ngelo xesha kukho indawo kunye umanyano dialectical, nto leyo evumela loo mntu ukuba ahlalisane kwi neentshisekelo ezahlukileyo. Kwelinye icala, umnqweno ngokubanga amalungelo ngoxolo ngamnye kunye nehlabathi, kodwa kwi enye - ukwenza imfazwe benze izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho.

imiba yezentlalo eziphilayo

Ukuze siqonde iingxaki kubudlelwane imfuneko yebhayoloji kunye nezentlalo ukuba afunde banzi ngale ndlela imiba esisiseko kumacala omabini yomntu. Kule meko sithetha ngayo izinto anthropogenesis. ukusebenza Relative eziphilayo, ingakumbi, wabalaselisa uphuhliso izandla ingqondo, bipedalism, kwakunye amandla kwintetho. Phakathi miba zentlalo ezahlula abasebenzi, unxibelelwano, isimilo kunye yentshukumo zayo.

Kakade umzekelo izinto ezibalwe ngasentla, sinokugqiba ukuba umanyano yebhayoloji kunye nentlalo yomntu ayikho nje kuvumelekile kodwa ngokulungelelanisiweyo. Enye into kukuba akukho nto rhoxisa ezingangqinelaniyo eziye ukujongana kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo yomsebenzi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ixabiso lamandla, obengowabaya miba ekubunjweni yomntu mihla. Kanye ngexesha le umzekelo ichazwe ngokucacileyo uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamaqumrhu ezimbini ezibonakala esahlukileyo. Kwelinye icala, bipedalism yakhulula isandla kwaye wenze esebenzayo ubomi ukusebenza, kunye kwelinye - intsebenziswano ehlangeneyo avumele ukwandisa amathuba ukuqokelela ulwazi kunye namava.

Kwixa elizayo, ezi kwezentlalo kunye eziphilayo kwi evuthiwe ngokudibene close, leyo, Kakade ke, akazange ngaphandle yempixano ephikisanayo. Kuba ukuqonda ngcono le hlobo ingxabano kufuneka ufunde okungakumbi malunga nezimaphambili ezimbini ekuqondeni ubume boluntu.

concept biologizing

Ngokwalo mbono, lo mntu, nkqu iindlela zayo kwezentlalo, esekwe phantsi kwempembelelo ngumba zophuhliso yemfuza kunye eziphilayo. Ingakumbi phakathi abaxhasi lo mbono sociobiology ethandwayo, nto leyo echaza nje umsebenzi zabantu iparameters kwindaleko-eziphilayo. Ngokuhambelana nale sikhundla, bemvelo nezentlalo ebomini bomntu ngomlinganiselo ofanayo ngenxa yempembelelo yendaleko zendalo. Xa iimpembelelo efanayo ziyangqinelana kunye nezilwanyana - umzekelo, wabalaselisa imiba efana kukhuselo ikhaya, uchuku, yokuzincama, izihlobo kunye nokuthotyelwa imithetho yokuziphatha ngokwesini.

Kweli nqanaba uphuhliso sociobiology izama ukusombulula iingxaki zasekuhlaleni kwisigxina yendalo. Ngokukodwa, abameli oku waphawula njengemiba iphembelela inkululeko kunye noxanduva bomntu, ukubaluleka kokuba ndiyoyisile le ntlekele eziphilayo, ukulingana njalo njalo .. Nangona biologizing ingqiqo yenye yeenjongo eziphambili lujolise ukugcina echibini gene yangoku, akukho kungxamisekile ngaphantsi ke ingxaki le ukuzalana eziphilayo nezentlalo umntu, wavakalisa iimbono anti-sezifundo ze sociobiology. Phakathi kwazo kukho ziphawulwe iintlanga hlula amagama yomthetho ukongama, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa yokukhethwa yendalo njengesixhobo yokulwa zokwanda.

concept Sotsiologizatorskaya

Against iingqiqo zingasentla abameli sotsiologizatorskoy izimvo ngelithi igunya imilinganiselo imvelaphi. Ngoko nangoko kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokungqinelana nale mbono, uluntu luthatha okuphambili ngapha ngamnye.

Le mbono kuphuhliso lwabantu yebhayoloji nezentlalo luboniswa indima-idlala theory nobuntu kunye structuralism. Kwezi ndlela, ngasendleleni, iingcali kwabantu, emsebenzini, intanda, Ezolimi, nezifundo zenkcubeko, ngokohlanga kunye nezinye iinkalo.

Amalungu structuralism bakholelwa ukuba abantu - amaqela ephambili kwiindawo ezikhoyo kunye ezisezantsi zoluntu. Emphakathini efanayo kakhulu ayikho ngabantu alo, kwakunye ubudlelwane ezimbaxa kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kwezakhi ngabanye esezantsi. Ngako oko, umntu uye usetyenziswe luluntu.

Akukho theory umdla kangako kunye nendima, echaza izinto eziphilayo nentlalo okungaphakathi komntu. Philosophy nale sikhundla ingqalelo ezibonisa bomntu kwanazo zonke iindima bakhe kwezentlalo. Kulo mzekelo, imithetho ezentlalo, izithethe kunye nezimiso indawo reference yantlandlolo ezenziwa ngabanye. Ingxaki yale ndlela kukuba ukulungisa ingqalelo ngokukodwa indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo awohluke umhlaba wabo ngaphakathi.

Ukuqonda ingxaki psychoanalysis umbono

Phakathi imibono absolutizes, psychoanalysis yezentlalo eziphilayo elise, apho kwakukho uluvo wesithathu ngohlobo lomntu. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba kulo mzekelo, indawo yokuqala ukubeka ekuqaleni engqondweni. UMdali mbono uSigmund Freud, ababekholelwa ukuba zonke iintshukumisa zabantu yokukhuthaza kulala zingqondweni. Kulo mzekelo, eziphilayo, nentlalo yomntu Isazinzulu ithathwa njengokuba undoqo wokusungula umanyano. Umzekelo, imiba yezentlalo le nkqubo, ibangela inyala yenkcubeko silinganisela indima zingqondweni.

abalandeli Freud kaThixo yaqulunqa imfundiso le zingqondweni esihlanganyelweyo, nto leyo esele waphawula lutyekele kakhulu imibandela yezentlalo. Ngokutsho bemeko- ingcamango, u ta va a umaleko nzulu nasengqondweni, nto leyo wabeka imifanekiso angaphakathi. Xa kwakhiwa ngokuqhubekayo ingqiqo ka zingqondweni zentlalo, awathi wazisa ingqikelelo indibaniselwano ngeempawu lokuba uninzi lwamalungu oluntu. Noko ke, ingxaki yebhayoloji kunye nentlalo umntu kwisikhundla sokuba psychoanalysis kwaye iimiba. We akazange acinge ababhali ingqiqo kunye nomanyano dialectical lwe zendalo, ezentlalo kunye nasengqondweni. Kwaye oku nangona yokuba nobudlelwane kwezentlalo kuphuhliswa ngentsebenziswano olusondeleyo ezi zinto.

uphuhliso lwabantu Biosocial

Njengoko umthetho, yonke ingcaciso yeemeko yebhayoloji nezentlalo njengokuba lubalulekileyo umntu ekucaca ukuba ukugxekwa kakhulu kabuhlungu. Oku kungenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba indima ephambili ukusekwa womntu kunye noluntu na enye kuphela iqela zinto, ngoyaba omnye. Ngoko, kubonakala kusengqiqweni ngakumbi ukuba ukujonga indoda leyo ekubeni biosocial.

Udibaniso phakathi kwe siseko emibini esisiseko kulo mzekelo, egxininisa impembelelo yabo yonke ekuphuhliseni ngamnye kunye noluntu. Ukucengceleza umzekelo kosana, leyo kunikwa zonke eziyimfuneko ngokwemigaqo yokugcina emzimbeni, kodwa ngaphandle uluntu lube yokuba ngokuphelele. Kuphela umlinganiselo ngokupheleleyo yebhayoloji kunye nentlalo mntu unokwenza nto ilungu yinxalenye yoluntu namhlanje.

Ngaphandle iimeko zentlalo wedwa izinto eziphilayo awukwazi ifomu ubuntu bomntwana. Kukho esinye isizathu eziphembelela kuhlobo ngokobugcisa zentlalo, leyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko ifomu zendalo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni.

Unako ukuthatha ujongo ukusuka kwelinye icala kwi biosocial buqu, ngaphandle ngokwabelana umoya wayo. Nangona ukubaluleka imiba yentlalo nenkcubeko, izinto zendalo kwakhona zibandakanyiwe eziliqela kuqala. Nje ngonxibelelwano organic kwaye ukhwela eziphilayo kunye nentlalo yomntu. Ngokufutshane lokuthetha iimfuno zebhayoloji, impilo iyavumelana, kunokuba ube ngumzekelo nokuzala, ukusetyenziswa lokutya, ukulala njalo njalo. D.

Ingcamango zohlobo zoluntu oluhlangeneyo

Le yenye izimvo, nto leyo eshiya igumbi ukuze ingqalelo ngokulinganayo zombini zabantu. Oku kudla ozakuthathwa ingqiqo zohlobo zoluntu oluhlangeneyo, ngaphakathi kuyo kungenzeka kweziphilayo yebhayoloji kunye nentlalo umntu ekuhlaleni. Amarhamente mbono, cinga nje ngomntu a kwezentlalo, apho ugcina zonke iimpawu kunye nemithetho kwisigaba zendalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba eziphilayo, nentlalo ubuntu musa iyaphikisana kunye negalelo kuphuhliso yayo ivumelane. Iingcali musa ukukhanyela impembelelo yazo naziphi na iinkalo zophuhliso nokuzenza wamkeleke ngokuchanekileyo umfanekiso jikelele ukuyilwa womntu.

ntlekele Social and eziphilayo

Ixesha komphakathi post-mveliso ayikwazi kodwa ushiye istampu yayo phezu kwiinkqubo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, phantsi iprism ukuba utshintsho kunye nendima iinkalo zokuziphatha. Ukuba ngaphambi kwezentlalo kunye eziphilayo xa umntu owawubumbela ubukhulu becala phantsi kwempembelelo zabasebenzi, iimeko mihla ubomi, ngelishwa, phantse kunciphisa umgudu ebonakalayo phezu inxalenye yomntu.

Ukuvela izixhobo ezintsha zobugcisa kunye namathuba phambili iimfuno zomzimba, nto leyo ekhokelela nonokungangqinelani phakathi kweenjongo oluntu kunye neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo zaloo mntu. Ngelo amalungu ngexesha elinye oluntu ngakumbi phantsi uxinzelelo elihle kwezentlalo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba umlinganiselo yebhayoloji kunye nentlalo umntu uhlala kwinqanaba elifanayo kwiindawo apho kukho impembelelo encinane indlela ubuchule kunye nesingqi yobomi.

Iindlela zokoyisa nokungavisisani

Ukuphelisa ungquzulwano phakathi bemvelo iinkqubo zentlalo kunceda inkonzo mihla kunye nophuhliso lwezibonelelo. Kulo mzekelo, inkqubela zobuchwepheshe, kwelinye icala, edlala indima entle eluntwini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekukhuleni kwixesha elizayo iimfuno ezikhoyo kunye ezintsha yabantu, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno leyo eminye imisebenzi ezikuvumela ukubuyisela eyiyo amagunya engqondweni nasemzimbeni womntu.

Kulo mzekelo, i zentlalo kunye eziphilayo kuloo ndoda odityanisiweyo kwindawo nkonzo. Umzekelo, abe nolwalamano olusenyongweni namanye amalungu oluntu, abantu basebenzisa izixhobo, ukukhuthaza ukuchacha emzimbeni. Ngokulandelelana, ukumisa uphuhliso zombini uhlobo zokuziphatha kwabantu abayi ukuthetha. imiba yophuhliso nokuguquguquka kunye kwento ngokwayo.

Ingxaki ukuzalana kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nentlalo yomntu

Phakathi iingxaki eziphambili kwiimviwo zokwakheka kunye nentlalo umntu kufuneka kwenziwe ngokupheleleyo enye yezi zokuziphatha. iimbono kakhulu kwi undoqo abantu kwanzima ukubona iingxaki ukuba kwenzeke nje ngaphandle kuphikisana imiba ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso. Namhlanje, iingcali ezininzi ukucebisa ukuqwalasela zentlalo kunye eziphilayo ngomntu yedwa. Esebenzisa le ndlela kwaye achonge ingxaki engundoqo ubuhlobo kwamaqumrhu amabini - na iingxabano ezithe zenzeka ngexesha kusetyenzwayo, ngenxa yemisebenzi yoluntu, ubomi lobuqu, njl Umzekelo, iqumrhu bemvelo ngakumbi kukhuphiswano - .. Ngelo xesha, njengoko icala lwentlalo phezu koko, kufuna ukudalwa kwemisebenzi kwaye ufumane ukusilela.

isiphelo

Nangona kukho inkqubela ebonakalayo kwiindawo ezininzi ngenzululwazi, imibuzo anthropogenesis ubukhulu becala ayiphendulwanga. Ngenye indlela, ukuba singathi yintoni kanye kuthatha share eziphilayo kunye nentlalo yomntu. ubuso Ifilosofi iinkalo ezintsha ze sifundo sale mbuzo, esele ivele kwi imvelaphi utshintsho mihla ngamnye kunye noluntu. Kodwa kukho amanye amanqaku zokuhlangabezana ngeembono. Umzekelo, kucacile ukuba inkqubo kwemvelo kunye nenkcubeko bebuthelene. Kuyinto umbuzo zofuzo ngenxa kwinkcubeko, kodwa ixabiso sabo efanayo. Eyona ndima ephambili nangoku kunikwa isakhi uba unobangela ngokupheleleyo uninzi iintshukumisa kunye nezenzo ezenziwa ngabantu.