Iindaba - kuba lula

Kwinqaku elifutshane, inkcazelo yegama elithi "ibali" liya kuqwalaselwa. Kwaye, kubonakala ngathi kubonakala ukuba le fom incinci, nangona inamandla kakhulu, kodwa umsebenzi ngokwawo ubonakala ungabalulekanga, njengoko kubonakala kuqala. Ewe, makhe siqale.

Inkcazo

I-Encyclopedia ichaza ibali njengenqaku elifutshane elilandelelweyo elijolise kumanyano omncinane kunye nokungahambelani komcimbi wezobugcisa. Kubonakala ngathi yonke into ilula. Amaphepha amaninzi okubhaliweyo, esinye isiganeko esibalulekileyo, ngokukhethekileyo impawu eziphambili, mhlawumbi ezinye ezongezelelweyo, ezingabalulekanga kakhulu, ezimfutshane, kodwa ezinokwenza izinto ezinobunzima bokubhala. Kubonakala ukuba yonke into ithathwa ingqalelo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kweli gama into eyimfihlakalo, inzulu, ikhula iingcambu kwixesha elikude. Ngoko masizame ukufumana imithombo.

Imvelaphi yale fom

Ukuzala, amabali ngamabali, iingoma, i-anecdotes. Yayikuphi ukuvela kwezinto eziqulunqweyo, ezikhulayo ezivela kumnqweno wabantu wokuhlobisa ubomi, zenze ukuba ziqondwe ngakumbi, zenze umdla, ziyiqonde, ekugqibeleni. Enyanisweni, kwimbali yamagama okanye i-epic, indoda elula yazama ukubonakalisa ukufunwa kwayo kwendalo, eyayizalwa ngokuza kwale mihla yamandulo.

Novella

Kukho elinye ixesha elibalulekileyo ekuqondeni ibali, elibizwa ngeveli. Izwi, ewe, livela kwizithethe zaseYurophu. Abaphengululi beengcali zaseRashiya baye bahlulwa ngokuhlukana kwale mibini emibini, bebengavumelani. Omnye uchasene nabo, umntu uyabonakalisa. Injongo yalo mhlalutyo ayikho kwimveliso esekelwe kwimixholo kule sihloko.

Sinomdla kuphela kwinto yokuba zombini iindidi zifana noko zivumela ukuba senze enye into ebhaliweyo. Ukuxhomekeke kwimiba yefomu. Ixesha ngalinye lidibaniswe kwincwadi yamanqaku eminye. Ngokomzekelo, ngexesha lobuRoma, kwakunomxholo wesiganeko. Ngokufika koqobo, ingqondo yengqondo yongezwa kwincwadi, njengoko kwimbali yaseRussia. Kule ncwadi ukuba inkcazo yefom ngeendlela zanamhlanje zihambelana nokutshintshwa kwenkqubela kwi-genre yonke.

Ukuphuhlisa ibali

Ekuqaleni wayengahluleki kwibali. Omnye uGogol wanikezela inkcazo yebali njengento ekhethekileyo. Umphathi owaziwayo webali uChakhov wagxininisa ukusekwa kwefom efutshane. Kwaye, akunjalo malunga nenani lamaphepha. Ngokomzekelo, "i-Ionich" yakhe ngevolumu yinto enhle kwibali elihle. Nangona kunjalo, apha nakhona sifumana amandla okunikela enye okanye ezimbini iinkcukacha ezimfutshane malunga nomdlali weqhawe, isiseko sakhe kunye nokuba nombono wobukho bomntu.

Enye ifomu i-virtuoso - i-Nagibin-ikholelwa ukuba akukho kukhethwa kweenkcukacha njengejubane lokufakela kwazo, ngokokuba umfundi wayephantse wakha umfanekiso. Ngejubane lokufunda. Iindaba - oku akuyona nje indlela encinci yenkcazelo, yikhono lezinto zokutya ezikwinqanaba elithile kwisantya esikhulu sokufunda, ukwenzela ukuba umfanekiso uvele phantse kwintloko.

Ubunye beStlistic

Umthamo omncinane wesimo unikeza enye into ebalulekileyo. Oku kubumbano lobugcisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ngxelo ivela kumntu othile. Ingaba ngumlobi ngokwakhe okanye iqhawe. Ngako oko, ubunye beentetho zihambelana ngqo nebali. Inkcazo yombhali wesicatshulwa somsebenzi wakhe ubonakaliswa ngokunika iqhawe izinto ezithile zokuziveza. Ngokomzekelo, kumabali aseLeskov, uZoshchenko, sifumana abalinganiswa bathetha njengabanye. Ziyabonakala ngokuphawulekayo.

Ixesha lexesha

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaye, ibali libonakaliswa ngethuba lexesha, ixesha lokubhala. Ngoko, iChekhov ibonakaliswe ngu-subtext, engaziwayo nakwi-XIX leminyaka. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi leminyaka yokuqala. I-Modernism, ixakeke ngobuciko, ixubile kunye neencwadi. Lapha ungakhumbula iimbali zeSologub, White. Ukongeza - ngaphezulu. Ukufunyanwa kobugcisa "umgca wokuqonda" kwabeletha abalobi abanomdla kunye nabanomdla ngokugqithiseleyo, njengoKafka okanye uCamus.

Musa ukulibala ngezinye iindawo. Umzekelo, uSholokhov onamaqhawe. Kwaye ke, satire. Bulgakov, Zoshchenko nabanye abaninzi. Iindaba zindawo yokugcina ezithakazelisayo nezixhamlayo, ngokuqwalasela ukuba imithwalo yangaphambili, eyadluliselwa kuhlobo olufana nelifa lemveli, i-anecdote, njl.

Ixesha elizayo

Ukubonakala komlinganiselo omkhulu wemidiya, njengokuba ngoku ifufele ukuthetha, uyayethusa ukutsho, ngokuthe ngqo ukutshintsha iincwadi kwintsikelelo yayo yokuqala. Ngoku umntwana ubukele ihlabathi, ngokubanzi ngekhamera yekhamera. Ukufunda kwade kwangexesha kwaye kungathandeki. Umdlalo weengcamango, okhutshwe ngephepha eliprintiweyo, uya kwimvelaphi. Ngako oko, amabali yithuba lokugwema ukubuka kweprijiyard kwixesha elizayo, apho kungekho ndawo yokudlala imidlalo. Ukukholisa ngokukodwa kwimeko yokuphuhliswa kweentlobo zeefom. Ubungcamango, imbali, imihla ngemihla, kwengqondo, i-satire kunye nabanye. Kukho ithemba lokuba uncwadi, njengenkcubeko yenkcubeko, ayiyi kutshabalalisa elwandle yolwakhiwo lweendaba.

Isiphelo

Le nzame igqityiwe ngefomu elifutshane leprosaic elibizwa ngokuthi "ibali". Kwakunzima ukuyichaza, kodwa ukuqonda ubunzulu bokwenene bohlobo, impembelelo yalo kwiincwadi, ekuqapheliseni komntu, kunzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le fomu, kunye neengcambu zayo ezinzulu zembali, iyaqhubeka ikhona kwimisebenzi emininzi yabathandekayo bokwenene, isaphetha somhlaba. Abafundi bacetyiswa ukuba bangalibali ukuba ukucinga kubaluleke ngaphezu komveliso ogqityiweyo.