Iindlela Physico-chemical analysis

Uhlalutyo physico-chemical usebenzisa uluhlu iindlela, nganye ngokuyimfuneko yingqokelela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule. Ngoncedo lwabo, isifundo iimpawu ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani kwezinto kunye nezinto yenziwe. Physical nemichiza iindlela zophando ezisetyenziswa neelabhoratri kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngendlela ngeendlela, oko kukuthi, amaxwebhu indlela zityebile waza wazisa kwi algorithm okanye imiyalelo. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba bafumane iziphumo kunye nokuchaneka elinikiweyo, iimeko iseti (kubandakanywa iimfuno izixhobo yokulinganisa) apho le nkqubo kubangelwa Imposiso (ukungaqiniseki), amacandelo zayo ecwangcisiweyo kunye random.

iindlela Physical nemichiza - njengesakhi esibalulekileyo of chemistry yohlalutyo. Ziquka inguqu iikhemikhali okanye ukudilizwa uvavanyo kwisampula (aliquot), ndzo yecandelo ofunekayo, ukupheliswa yempembelelo kokuphazamisa izinto njalo-njalo. iindlela kohlaziyo lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe weklasiki zomculo. iindlela Classical (eyaziwa ngokuba 'uhlalutyo ezimanzi ") sebenzisa uphawu (ivumba, umbala, imvula, ukungcola igesi okanye ziyanyibilika) kunye nohlalutyo oluninzi (umlinganiselo ubunzima okanye umqulu). Abaninzi kubo yavela kwixesha ukusuka kwi 17 ukuya kwi 19 leminyaka kwaye isasetyenziswa nangoku kwiimeko apho umbundu uvakalelo lwanele.

Ngazo zichanile physico-zemichiza iindlela uhlalutyo ngokusekelwe izifundo zomculo. Kulo mzekelo ikhutshwa phandle ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokulinganisa eziphathekayo ezifana yokufunxa, fluorescence, ngoku, umahluko isakhono, lombane, ngamandla imitha, kunye nabanye. Kwezinye iimeko Kucingelwa ukulungiselela lokuqala isampula (isampuli) ulwelo iqhezu, ukwahlukana kuKholam kumacandelo hromatografichekoy, electrophoresis njalo njalo.

iindlela Physico-chemical analysis ziyasetyenziswa kuyo yonke indawo. Impilo, zokusingqongileyo, unyango, amayeza kunye nokutya neelabhoratri. abasemagunyeni nelawula kunye nezifundo lwasenkundleni. Iinjongo yenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino. Zisekelwe ekrwada izinto novavanyo umgangatho, iisampuli intermediate ngeemveliso igqityiwe kwaye impahla umchiza, petrochemical neoli nokusulungekiswa. Ukuba analysis usebenzisa iindlela classical olusebenzisa inethiwekhi ukuba abasebenzi kunye nesiqinisekiso ephantsi (amasuntswana-2 ukuya ku-4 ngenxa ETCS), kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi lesibini okanye kwisibhedlele somgangatho wesibini zemfundo ezizodwa ezaneleyo, izifundo negalelo ziingcali kunye isiqinisekiso ephakamileyo (amasuntswana 5-6) ukuba imfundo ephakamileyo.

Xa izifundo odidi njengendlela yokulinganisa zidla isicelo ukulingana zohlalutyo kunye ezimacala Glassware (iisilinda neeflaski, pipettes, burettes). iindlela Physico-chemical analysis zibandakanya photocolorimeter ukusetyenziswa, refractometers, spectrophotometers, chromatographs, spectrometers abaninzi, njalo-njalo. Abaninzi kubo baxhotyiswa iikhompyutha zobuqu, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa ixesha lilonke kunye esebenzayo ukwenzela uhlalutyo, zokusetyenziswa (iphepha kwitshathi, njalo-njalo), kunciphise indima enxulumene nemeko yomntu, ngaloo ndlela enciphisa umngcipheko wokungenwa iziphumo zovavanyo engachananga.

Physico-chemical iindlela uhlalutyo esekelwe ukusetyenziswa imifuziselo yakutshanje, nangona iindleko zabo eziphakamileyo, kwenza kube lula ukunciphisa ngakumbi ixabiso ulawulo yohlalutyo ukuba kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kukho unciphiso kakhulu kwexesha uhlalutyo. Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa umzekelo iindlela chromatographic. Uhlalutyo kwimodels abadala efunekayo emva imiqondiso nitrogen tshin kwitshati ukwenza imisebenzi zilandelayo:

• ukususa kwitshati sezixhobo;
• uphawu ngalunye (ivela njenge incopho ongathi triangle), sihambisane icandelo elithile, yikhompawundi ezichongwe yi ixesha ephumayo ukusuka kumhlathi;
• ukubala indawo incopho ngamnye kummandla kanxantathu (umlawuli ukulinganisa ubude kunye ububanzi kwi yoo-ukuphakama mkhulu);
• ukubala izakhi umxholo;
• amalungiselelo uvavanyo ngenxa yomthetho okanye kwenye i-akhawunti.

Kwimeko chromatography mihla, uphawu tshin umntu ofakwe kwangoko kwi khompyutha, yonke imisebenzi ngasentla nya, ukusukela ukuba lwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo, phantse washona. Kodwa hayi inzuzo kuphela xa usebenzisa iindlela zale mihla emzimbeni imichiza ngohlahlelo. Iziphumo ukuzithengela zithunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngokukhawuleza nje kuphela kuvimba kweenkqubo zolawulo lolwazi elebhu (LIMS), kodwa nokucwangciswa ledatha yaye ulawulo nkqubo engundoqo.