Iinkalo ezithandayo malunga neenkqubo zelanga. Uphando lweeplanethi zesistim somhlaba

Mhlawumbi wonk 'ubani uyazi ukuba isiqendu somhlaba wonke esisikhuseleyo sibizwa ngokuba yiSystem System. Inkwenkwezi eshushu, kunye neeplanethi ezijikelezayo, zaqala ukusekwa kwayo malunga ne-4.6 yezigidigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo. Kwaye kwabakho ukubola kwe-gravitational of part of the molecular interstellar cloud. Isiko sokuwa, apho ininzi yolu daba iqokelele, kamva yaba yiLanga, kwaye ilifu eliphambili elikujikelezayo liye lavela kuzo zonke ezinye izinto.

Ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zelanga zaqokelelwa kuphela ngexesha lokuqwalasela isibhakabhaka ebusuku. Ngokuphuculwa kweetelesiko kunye nezinye izixhobo, izazinzulu zafunda ngokubanzi nangaphezulu malunga nommandla ongaphandle osijikelezile. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iinkcukacha ezithakazelisayo malunga neenkqubo zelanga zifunyenwe kuphela emva kokuqala kwexesha lexesha- kwii-60 zekhulu lokugqibela.

Ukwakhiwa

Into ephambili yendawo yethu yendalo yonke ilanga. Ejikelezileyo iiplanethi ezisibhozo: I-Mercury, iVenus, uMhlaba, i-Mars, i-Jupiter, iSaturn, u-Uranus, i-Neptune. Eza kulandelelaniswa yizinto ezibizwa ngokuba yiTrans-Neptuni, kuquka nePluto, engenalo isimo seplanethi ngo-2006. Yena kunye namanye amabhunga e-cosmic athathwe kwiiplanethi ezincinci. Izinto ezisibhozo eziphambili emva kokuba i-Sun ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini: iiplanethi zasemhlabeni (i-Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba, iMars) kunye neeplanethi ezinkulu ze-Solar System, iinyaniso ezithakazelisayo malunga nokuqala ukuba ziqukumbele ngokupheleleyo. Ezi ziquka iJupiter, uSaturn, uran, Neptune.

Phakathi kweMarti neJupiter ibhondi ye- asteroid, apho ezininzi ze-asteroids kunye neeplanethi ezincinci zesimo esingenanto zifumaneka. Emva komjikelezo weNeptune iluhlu lweKuiper kunye ne disk edibeneyo ehambelana nayo. Ibhanti ye-asteroid iqulethe izinto eziququzelelwe ngamatye kunye neensimbi, ngelixa i-Kuiper Belt igcwele imizimba yemvula eyahlukileyo. Iintlobo ze disk ehlakazekile nazo, ngokuyinxalenye, i-ice composition.

Ilanga

Iinkalo ezithandayo malunga neenkqubo zelanga kufuneka ziqale ukuxela kwiziko layo. Ibhola elibomvu elibomvu elinokushisa kwangaphakathi kwee-degrees ezigidi ezili-15 liye lazimela ngaphezu kwe-99% yobunzima bomhlaba wonke. Ilanga likwahlulo lwesithathu lweenkwenkwezi, lufumaneka malunga nomjikelezo wobomi bawo. Ingundoqo yayo yindawo eqhubekayo yokusabela kweekryukliya, ngenxa yoko i-hydrogen iphenduka i-helium. Inkqubo efanayo iya kubangelwa ukubunjwa kwamandla amaninzi, awela ke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwiMhlaba.

Ixesha elizayo

Emva kweminyaka eyi-1.1 yezigidigidi, i-Sun iya kuchitha ubuninzi be-hydrogen fuel, indawo yayo iya kutshiswa ngokubanzi. Ngeli xesha, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubomi bonke buya kupheleka emhlabeni. Iimeko ziya kuvumela kuphela izinto eziphilayo ukuba ziphile kwindawo enzulu yolwandle. Xa ubudala belanga liyiminyaka eyi-12.2 yezigidigidi, iya kuba yinto ebomvu. Iingqimba zangaphandle zeenkwenkwezi ziya kufinyelela kwi-orbit yomhlaba. Ngelo xesha iplanethi yethu iya kuhamba ukuya kwindawo ede ngakumbi, okanye iya kubanjwa.

Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lophuhliso, i-Sun iya kulahleka igobolondo layo langaphandle, eliya kuba li-nebula leeplanethi elinomtsalane omhlophe, oyona mxholo we-Sun-ubukhulu bomhlaba-phakathi.

Mercury

Ngethuba nje ilanga lizinzile, ukuhlolwa kweeplanethi zenkqubo yelanga kuza kuqhubeka. Umzimba wokuqala wendawo enkulu, ongayifumana, ukuba usuka kwinkwenkwezi yethu ukuya kummandla wendlela, i-Mercury. Ekufuphi kwiLanga kwaye ngelixa elifanayo iplanethi encinane ihlolisise idivayisi "Mariner 10", eyakwazi ukuwubamba umhlaba. Uhlolisiso lweMercury luyathintelwa kukusondela kwi-luminari, ngoko ke iminyaka emininzi yahlala ingafundanga kakuhle. Emva kokuba "uMariner 10", owasungulwa ngowe-1973, iMercury yahanjelwa ngu "uMthunywa". Umkhwa wecala waqalisa umsebenzi wayo ngo-2003. Wahamba ngamaxesha amaninzi kwiplanethi, kwaye ngo-2011 waba ngumlingane wakhe. Ngombulelo kwezi zifundo, ulwazi malunga neenkqubo zelanga liye landa kakhulu.

Namhlanje siyazi ukuba, nangona i-Mercury isondele kakhulu kwi-Sun, akusona iplanethi eshushu kakhulu. I-Venus kule ntlonipho ihamba phambili kuye. I-Mercury ayinayo umoya wangempela: iphoswa ngumoya welanga. Kulo mhlaba, igobolondo yegesi enoxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu luphawu. Usuku lweMercury lungangeenyanga ezimbini zasemhlabeni, kunye nomnyaka ohlala kwiintsuku ezingama-88 zeplanethi yethu, oko kukuthi, ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezimbini ze-Mercury.

Venus

Ndiyabulela kwi-flight "Mariner-2" inyaniso enomdla malunga nenkqubo yelanga, ngakwesinye icala, iyancipha, kwaye enye inye. Ngaphambi kokufumana ulwazi oluvela kulo mkhumbi, iVenus yayicinga ukuba ngumnini wemozulu epholileyo kwaye, mhlawumbi, yolwandle, amathuba okufumana ubomi kuwo ayeqwalaselwa. "UMariner 2" wagxotha la maphupha. Uphononongo lwale sixhobo, kunye nabanye abaninzi, baye bachaza umfanekiso ongathandekiyo. Ngaphantsi kobunzulu bomhlaba, ubuninzi be-carbon dioxide, namafu e-sulfuric acid, ummandla ophantse uphiswe kwi-500 ° C ukhona. Akunamanzi apha naphandle azinako iifom zobomi ezaziwayo. KwiVenus, kwanezixhobo ezikhethiweyo azikwazi ukuma: ziyancibilika zitshise.

Mars

4 iplanethi yesimiso sobusuku kunye nokugqibela komhlaba-kufana no-Mars. Iplanethi ebomvu ibilokhu ityelela ingqalelo kwenzululwazi, ihlala ingundoqo kwiphando namhlanje. I-Mars yafundiswa "ngabanxweme" abaninzi, "iiVikings" ezimbini kunye ne "Mars" yaseSoviet. Kwangexesha elide, izazi zeenkwenkwezi zazikholelwa ukuba zifumane amanzi phezu komhlaba we-Red Planet. Namhlanje kuyaziwa ukuba kanye ngexesha iMars lalibukeka lihluke ngokupheleleyo kunoko ngoku, mhlawumbi lalinamanzi kuyo. Kukho ukucinga, ngokokutshintshwa kohlobo lomhlaba kubangele ukudibanisa kweMars nge-asteroid enkulu, ukushiya umkhondo ngendlela yeekrisiti ezinhlanu. Isiphumo sentlekele kukuba ukufuduka kweepali zeeplanethi malunga ne-90º, ukwanda okwenyuka kwimisebenzi ye-volcanic kunye nokunyakaza kwamacwecwe e-lithospheric. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho utshintsho lwemozulu. I-Mars yalahlekelwa ngamanzi, ingcinezelo yemozulu kwiplanethi yancipha kakhulu, indawo yaqala ukufana nentlango.

Jupiter

Iiplanethi ezinkulu ze-solar system, okanye i-giant giant, zihluke kwi-beleroid ibhanti yomhlaba. Indawo esondeleyo kubo kwi-Sun yiJupiter. Ngokomlinganiselo walo udlula zonke iiplanethi zenkqubo yethu. I-giant giant yafundiswa nge-Voyager 1 no-2, no-Galileo. Ezi zilandelayo zibhalwe phantsi kwe-Jupiter yeziqwenga zeComet Shoemakerov-Levy 9. Esi siganeko sasiyodwa kunye nethuba lokuzigcina. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu zakwazi ukufumana kuphela imifanekiso enomdla, kodwa kunye nedatha ethile kwi-comet kunye nokubunjwa kwiplanethi.

Ukuwa kweJupiter kwahluke ngokufanayo kwiimpawu ze-cosmic zeqela lasemhlabeni. Iintlanzi ezinobungakanani obukhulu azikwazi ukushiya i-crater phezu komhlaba: I-Jupiter iphantse iqulethe i-gas. I-comet yayibanjwe ngamacandelo angaphezulu e-atmospheric, yashiya imimandla emnyama phezu komhlaba, leyo yaphela ngokukhawuleza. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba iJupiter, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nobukhulu bayo, isebenza njengoluhlobo lomkhuseli womhlaba, ulondoloze kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zendawo. Kukholelwa ukuba i-giant giant yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuveleni kobomi: nayiphina imfucuza eyawela kwiJupiter emhlabeni ingaholela ekugqibeleni. Kwaye ukuba ukuwa okunjalo kwenzeka kaninzi kwiindawo zokuqala zokuphuhliswa kobomi, mhlawumbi abantu abayi kuba khona kude kube ngoku.

Umqondiso kubazalwana ngesizathu

Ukufundwa kweeplanethi zesistim somhlaba kunye ne-cosmos yonke akuyona into yokugqibela enokuyenza ukwenzela ukufumana imeko apho ubomi buye kwenzeka okanye bube khona. Nangona kunjalo, umlinganiselo wendalo yonke into yokuba uluntu alukwazi ukujamelana nalo msebenzi kunye nalo lonke ixesha elibelwe lona. Ngako oko, iifayili zokuhamba zixhotywe ngebhokisi le-aluminium ejikelezayo equkethe i-disc disc. Iqulethe ulwazi, ngokwezenzululwazi, olukwazi ukuchaza kubameli bezinye iintlalo, mhlawumbi ezikhoyo kwindawo, apho umhlaba uhlala khona kwaye ngubani ohlala kuwo. Imifanekiso ibonisa imimandla, isakhiwo se-anatomiki somntu, isakhiwo se-DNA, izibhengezo ebomini babantu nezilwanyana, izandi ezirekhodiweyo: iintaka eziculayo, ukukhala komntwana, isandi semvula nabanye abaninzi. Idiski inikezelwa ngezilungiso zenkqubo yezilanga ngokumalunga nama-pulsars angu-14 anamandla. Iinkcazo zenziwa ngoncedo lomnyaka wobhanana.

"Uhambo lwe-1" malunga ne-2020 luya kushiya ihlabathi kunye neenkulungwane ezininzi ziya kulima isikhala. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba ukufunyanwa kweminye imvelaphi yesigidimi sehlabathi kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza, ngelixa iplanethi yethu iya kupheliswa. Kule meko, idisk ngolwazi malunga nabantu kunye noMhlaba yiyo yonke into ehleliyo yobuntu kwindalo yonke.

Ukujika entsha

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, umdla wokwenza uphando wendawo wanda kakhulu. Iinkcukacha ezithandayo malunga neenkqubo zelanga ziqhubeka ziqokelela. Ukugqithiselwa kwi-Mars kuxhotyiswe , idatha kwiimpawu zegesi zihlanjululwa. Unyaka ngamnye izixhobo ziphuculwe, ngokukodwa, iindidi ezintsha zeenjini ziphuhlisiwe eziza kwenza ukuba zifikeleleke kwiindawo ezikude zendawo kunye namafutha angaphantsi. Inkqubela phambili yenzululwazi ivumela ukuba sibe nethemba ukuba zonke izinto ezithandekayo malunga neenkqubo zelanga ziza kuba yincinci yolwazi lwethu: siya kukwazi ukufumana ubungqina bokuba khona kwefu le -Oort, ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo oko kukhokelela ekutshintshisweni kwemozulu kwi-Mars kunye nokuba kwakunjani ngaphambili, ukufunda i-Mercury etshisa ilanga, Yakha isiseko kwenyanga. Amaphupha asendle kunazo zonke zabantosazinzulu zanamhlanje banomdla kunamanye amafilimu amnandi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba impumelelo yobunjineli kunye ne-physics yathetha ngethuba lokwenene lokuphumeza izicwangciso ezinkulu kwixesha elizayo.