Avetik Isahakyan: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Famous Imbongi Armenian Avetik Isahakyan yashiya ilifa enkulu nokubhala, nto leyo kwinkulungwane yama-20, waba ifumaneke kubafundi Russian abathetha nguqulelo ngu Alexander Blok, Bryusov, Ivan Bunin kunye Pasternak. Akukho umdla kangako na ibali lobomi bakhe, nto leyo kwiminyaka eSoviet Union ithiwe thaca kwi-uluntu ngohlobo ihlelwe ngononophelo. Ngokukodwa, nokuba 20-30 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, nkqu eArmenia ngokwayo, bambalwa abantu wayesazi ukuba oyiphumeleleyo Stalin Prize isidanga yokuqala ngo-1921, wathabatha inxaxheba lombutho "Operation Nemesis".

Avetik Isahakyan: A Biography (ebuntwaneni)

Imbongi wazalwa ngo 1875 kwiPhondo Erivan Alexandropol (ubukhosi Russian, ngoku Gyumri, Armenia). Uyise - Sahak Isahakyan - wayengunyana ka abasuka Old Bayezid, owathi ngo-1828 kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye ikhaya lakhe uye kunye layohlala amajoni Russian e Shirak entilini.

Esengumntwana, nomama omncinane Avo ufundile nonina Almast. Njengoko wayesoloko wathi kamva, obumntwisiweyo ngokuba kuye ifanelekileyo mfazi oosolusapho Armenian, ngamabona abazinikele kusapho lwakhe, yaye ukulungele ukuba banyamezele nabuphi na ubunzima ngenxa ngokuchuma. Kubo yokuba ebeve namabali amaninzi amavo, ezaba sisiseko imisebenzi engcono ezibhalwe nguye.

ISifundo Seminary

iindinyana yakhe yokuqala Avetik Isahakyan waqalisa ukubhala kwi-11. Kungekudala intsapho yakhe waya phezu oluya eSt Echmiadzin, apho wadibana abafundi kakuhle yaziwa kulo lonke Christian East Gevorgyan Seminary. Nangona ulwazi elivisayo wamvumela ukuba bapase iimviwo emnyango, eli ziko efunekayo ulawulo ukuba lingenise la maxwebhu kwimfundo yokuqala, apho akubanga Isahakyan. Ke abazali bakhe bacetyiswa ukuba athumele unyana wakhe esikolweni ngonyaka Archa weemonki. Kukho Avetik wabonisa ngenkuthalo omkhulu, waza wabuyela Echmiadzin ngo-1889, yamkelwa nangoko 3 kwiklasi secawa.

Njengezinye abafundi 150 abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eMpuma Koloni Armenia ngo-1891 Avetik Isahakyan wathabatha inxaxheba zaqalwa umfundi. Enye yeemfuno zabantu abatsha, balayo ukuya iintetho, yayiza kubakhulula mirootrecheniya zabo wesibhambathiso ethintela unxibelelwano kunye bangaphandle, ngaphandle lotyelelo usapho athile. Hayi ukuba yabo, abafundi abaninzi abakumgangatho ophakathi, kuquka ikamva wembongi edumileyo, washiya sobufundisi.

Study aphesheya

Ulwazi olufundwe sabefundisi, apho ukongeza izifundo zenkolo eninzi ingqalelo yahlawulwa ekufundiseni iilwimi zasemzini, baye banceda Avetiku Isaakyanu kuhambo lwakhe nge eYurophu, apho ukususela 1892 ukuya 1895, wafunda ifilosofi yabantu kwiYunivesithi Leipzig. Emva koko lo mfana waya eGeneva, apho waya khona izifundo ze G. V. Plehanova, ngubani kwadlala indima enkulu kuye.

Kunye inani "Dashnaktsutiun"

Xa wabuyela Eastern eArmenia, Avetik Isahakyan wagqiba ekubeni azinikele kumzabalazo yezopolitiko. Nale, waba kwizintlu imisebenzi ezingekho mthethweni kummandla Russian Empire, omnye amaqela zindala Armenian ezopolitiko "Dashnaktsutyun". ntliziyo sakhe ziye zaphawulwa, yaye ngowe-1896 imbongi wabanjwa waza wachitha unyaka entolongweni, Erivan, emva koko wathunyelwa Odessa.

Imvume ukuba zindwendwele ngaphesheya, wafudukela Zurich, apho waphulaphula izifundo kwi uncwadi kunye nembali bulumko kwiyunivesithi ekufuphi. Kodwa Isaakyan ayikwazanga ukuhlala ixesha elide kude nekhaya, waza wabuyela Alexandroupoli ngo-1902, kwakhona yaba inxaxheba kumzabalazo olululo ngokuchasene norhulumente tsarist. Yena wafuna phambi kwakhe e Tbilisi, apho imbongi wabanjwa kwakhona ngowe-1908 yaye kwiinyanga ezi-6 bathunyelwa Metekhi entolongweni kunye nabameli nezazi Armenian.

Ukuphila ekuthinjweni

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba Isaakyan akuyi kuba 'imfundo-kwakhona ", abasemagunyeni baye bagqiba ngomhla kokugxothwa kwakhe kummandla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Ngowe-1911, imbongi Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye ilizwe yaye bahlala eJamani. Ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ukuba ukhathazeke kakhulu malunga ngengxaki Armenia eTurkey, apho urhulumente elo lizwe ekucingelwa zokuxhasa Russia. Ngelo linye xesha phantsi intshutshiso kwamaJuda, nkqu abemi kwimimandla kumgama amawaka eekhilomitha ukusuka kumgca ngaphambili.

Ukuze kuthintelwe Isaakyan kubulawa kunye Johannes Lepsius kunye Paulem Rorbahom, ezilungiselelwe yi-German-Armenian Society, nto leyo ukutsala ingqalelo Koloni usizi lwamaKristu Eastern. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iinzame ukunqanda kubulawa aziphumelelanga, yaye ngowe-1915 namahlakani Jamani - Young Turks - ziye ziphunyezwe ngempumelelo enye yeenjongo zayo eziphambili - inkululeko of Western Armenia labantu lomthonyama ngokusebenzisa kohlanga yayo.

Avetik Isahakyan: indima ukusebenza "Nemesis"

Nangona emva kokuphela leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Turkey ngokwayo ugxeke abaququzeleli babuye agwetywa engekho kwabanye, kuquka ilungu elinye urhulumente "triumvirate" Talaat Pasha, ukufa, inkoliso yabo baphila kakuhle eYurophu. Ngowe-1919, iqela lamalungu "Dashnaktsutyun" laqalisa isicwangciso beziphindezela. umsebenzi wabo "Nemesis", nto leyo ithetha ukutshatyalaliswa ebonakalayo abaququzeleli kohlanga iye yaphuhliswa. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich wathabatha inxaxheba kuyo.

Ngokutsho iirekhodi ezibhalwe walondoloza, oko nje uthuli phantsi abasabileyo eJamani-mthetho Turkish, kodwa ngokuzithandela ukuba shooter yesibini, leyo wadutyulwa Talaat Pasha, ukuba Soghomon Tehliryan ephosiweyo. Okubulala lo wayesakuba nguMphathiswa of Internal Affairs of Turkey ebibanjwe ngomhla we-15 Matshi 1921 e-Berlin. Kulo mzekelo, i uphazamiseko Isahakian engeyomfuneko, kodwa inkundla isiJamani, wajika waba uhlobo Nuremberg Trial wabenzi bobubi mladoturkskimi ugwetyelwe umphindezeleli Armenian.

Buyela ekuthinjweni

Kwisiqingatha sesibini banesifo zenkulungwane lokugqibela, urhulumente waseSoviet iye imandla ngakumbi ekubuyeni USSR abaziingqondi abadumileyo. Phakathi kwabo athembise ngenkxaso epheleleyo ukuya kwilizwe, yaye Avetik Isahakyan, ngubani uthethe kumajelo eendaba yaseYurophu ukuxhasa amalinge amaninzi karhulumente abatsha. Wabuyela Yerevan ngo-1936 waza wonyulwa USihlalo Armenian Writers 'Union of waseUSSR, Academician of the Academy of Sciences kunye ilungu Republican leBhunga Ephakamileyo. Imbongi wafa ngo-1957 waza wangcwatywa kela isixeko Yerevan.

indalo

Eyona nto iphambili le nto iyaziwa Avetik Isahakyan - imibongo malunga looMawokhulu, malunga isabelo onzima womsebenzi eziqhelekileyo nokufuna kwakhe inkululeko. Abaninzi imbongi kunye nemisebenzi ombambazelayo, nto leyo babedume uthando inkazana nonina.

retellings Siya- echaza amavo ezibhalwe nguye, ezifana 'intliziyo sikanina "(" Mor Sirte "). Avetik Isahakyan kulo msebenzi ubalisa ibali umfana, ukusuka apho ubuhle ngenkohlakalo kufuna umqondiso uthando, intliziyo kanina. Emva kokuthandabuza kakhulu, lo mfana eyayinentliziyo yenza isicelo ngumthandi kwaye ubulala umfazi lowo wenza ukuba ukukhanya. Xa Lisuka nje ukuba intanda yakhe, uyakhubeka; kodwa intliziyo unina ezingalweni zakhe wathi: "Unyana wam amahlwempu, zange buhlungu ngokwakho?"

Ngoku uyazi indlela ubomi nzima wahlala Avetik Isahakyan. Imibongo e Armenian, zidalwe nguye, weva zonke izikolo kwilizwe lakhe, nokunceda amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana bafunde ubulumko ubudala ubudala yabantu, ambethe ngohlobo lwemibongo.