Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqhakazile kwi-constellation yaseOrion: amagama. Ienkwenkwezi ezibalaseleyo kwi-Orion yamaqela

I-constellation yaseOrion yenye yeyona nto intle kakhulu ebhakabhakeni ebusuku. Kwabaninzi baqhelana nokusukela ebuntwaneni: kunzima ukuyihoxisa, kuba iinkwenkwezi ezibonakalayo kunye nezinto zasezulwini kwi- constellation yase-Orion zibonakala zivela eMhlabeni ngelihlo. Ezi ziquka izikhanyiso, inani leeparitha eziphezulu kuneLanga, kunye neNew Great Nebula M42. Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqaqambileyo kwi-constellation yaseOrion, iRigel kunye neBetelgeuse kulula kakhulu ukufumana esibhakabhakeni. Baququzelela ukufumanisa kwezinye izinto zeenkwenkwezi.

Inkcazelo

U-Orion - umlingiswa wamandulo, umzingeli onobuchule, unxulumane kunye no-Artemis. Imithetho kunye neengcamango malunga neenkwenkwezi zase-Orion zithi zabonakala esibhakabhakeni ngentando yodadekazi ongenakunyakalala owabulala umzingeli ngenxa yobuqili bomzalwana wakhe onomhawu uApollo. UArtemis wafunga ngonaphakade ukukhumbula umthandi wakhe waza wambeka esibhakabhakeni.

Kwilungiselelo lezinto zilula kakhulu ukuqagela isilwanyana somzingeli. Waqhaqhazela esibhakabhakeni nge-cudgel ephakanyisiwe, ikrele kwibhande lakhe kunye nekhuselo esandleni sakhe. Iinkcukacha zeConstellation ziyaziwa ngama-asterisms. Isithungu senza umfanekiso wesimo. I-Orion Belt yenziwe ngamanye inkwenkwezi ezintathu eziphawulwe kakuhle, ezikwe kumgca omnye ochanekileyo. Umncinci omncinane yi-asterism ye-Sword ye-Orion, equka iinkwenkwezi ezimbini kunye phakathi kwazo i-speck ecacile ye-M42 nebula. Ibhanti ekumzantsi-mpuma ekupheleni komgca ugxotha ku-Sirius, nakwintshona-ntshona-ntshona ku-Aldebaran.

Inomtsalane yonke inkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo kwi-constellation yase-Orion. Iinqununu ezijikelezile zilahlekelwa ngobuhle ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokungabikho kwenani elikhulu lezinto ezinomdla wokukhanya kwazo.

I-Palma ye-Championship

Ngokuchasene nazo zonke ezi zinto zizukileyo, iziqhwala zimbalwa. Igama lomlando weenkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqhakazile kwi-constellation yase-Orion-Rigel kunye ne-Betelgeuse. Inkcazo yabo yezesayensi yiBeta kunye no-Alpha Orion ngokulandelanayo. Zomibini iziqhwala, njengoko sele zikhankanywe ngaphambili, zibonakala zibonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni. Sinokuthi bathathele inqaku leenkwenkwezi zokuqala kulo mfanekiso wasezulwini. I-betelgeuse ikhethwe njenge-Alpha, kodwa i-Rigel iyancipha.

Igama leenkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqhakazileyo kwi-Orion ye-constell ye-Arab origin. I-Rigel ekuguquleleni ithetha "umlenze", kunye ne-Betelgeuse- "". Amagama eenkwenkwezi, ngoko, anika ukuqonda ngokucacileyo apho izibane zikhona khona. I-Alpha Orion ifumaneka kwisigxina esifanelekileyo somzingeli, kwaye iBeta isemlenzeni wakhe.

Olubomvu

I-betelgeuse ngeendlela ezininzi kunokuqwalaselwa njengelumklamo ebalulekileyo kwi-Orion. Ingqumbo ebomvu, ebhekiselele kwiinkwenkwezi eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo: ukukhanya kwayo kuhluka ukusuka kwi-0.2 ukuya kwi-1.2 ubukhulu. Kule meko, umda omncinci wokukhanya ubangaphezulu kwinqanaba le parameter elangeni ngamawaka angamashumi asibhozo amawaka. Umgama ohlukanisa inkwenkwezi kunye noMhlaba uqikelelwa kumyinge weminyaka engama-570 yokukhanya (ixabiso elifanelekileyo leparameter alingaziwa).

Isilinganiselo seBetelgeuse sinokuyifumanisa ngokuzifanisa nemilinganiselo yeeplanethi zeplanethi yelanga. Ubuncinane benkwenkwezi, ukuba lubekwe kwindawo yesikhanyiso sethu, luya kufikelela kuyo yonke indawo kwi-orbit ye Mars. Ubukhulu - buya kuhambelana nokuhamba kweJupiter. Ubunzima beBetgegeuse ngamaxesha angama-13-17 ngaphezulu kwelanga.

Iingxaki zokufunda

I-Alpha Orion iphindwe ngama-300 izigidi ngezigidi ze-Sun. Ubunzima balo obubunzima kunzima ukulinganisa, kuba xa usuka kwindawo ephakathi kwenkwenkwezi, ukukhanya kwayo kuyancipha. Kucatshangelwa ukuba ukuba umgama kwiBetelgeuse uthathwa iminyaka eyi-650 ubudala, ngoko ububanzi bawo buhluka ukusuka kwi-500 ukuya kwi-800 imimiselo yeenkwenkwezi zethu.

I-betelgeuse - yokuqala emva kokukhanya kwelanga, apho ngoncedo lwe-telescope yendawo ingafumana umfanekiso we disk. Kulo mfanekiso, umoya we-ultraviolet wenkwenkwezi enebala eliqaqambileyo kwiziko laliprintiwe. Ubukhulu bayo bugqithise ixesha eliphindwe kabini ububanzi bomhlaba. Ubushushu beli candelo likhulu kunabo bonke ubuso bomzimba we-cosmic. Imvelaphi yecala ayisaziwa. Kucingelwa ukuba yiphumo lenkwenkwezi yenkwenkwezi entsha.

Umlenze we-Orion

I-Rigel yinkwenkwezi eqaqambileyo kwi-constellation yase-Orion. IiConstellations Hare kunye ne-Eridan, kufuphi nomfanekiso wasezulwini ngumzingeli weengcali, zihlala zibonwa esibhakabhakeni ngokusondela kwabo eRigel. I-Beta Orion, ngenxa yokukhanya kwayo, isebenza njengesikhokelo sabamkeli.

I-Rigel yimibala emhlophe neyayibhakabhaka enexabiso elibonakalayo le-stellar ye-0.12. Umgama kwenkwenkwezi evela kwi-Sun i malunga neminyaka eyi- 860 yokukhanya. I-beta ye-Orion radius ingaphantsi kwiparameter yeBetelgeuse. Kule meko, ukukhanya kweRigel kukukhulu kuneenkwenkwezi zethu, ngamaxesha angama-130 000. Kule parameter, uhamba phambili no-Alpha Orion.

NjengoBheelgeuse, uRigel yinkwenkwezi eguqukayo. Ubonakaliswe ngumjikelezo ongaguqukiyo wokuguquka kwexabiso ukusuka ku-0.3 ukuya ku-0.03 kunye neentsuku ezingama-24. URigel ngokuqhelekileyo uthathwa njengenkwenkwezi yeenkwenkwezi ezintathu . Ngamanye amaxesha uzuzwa ukuba unesabelo sesine. Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa bokuba khona akukafiki.

Ummelwane

Nge-Beta ye-Orion, i-Nebula yeNtloko yeNtloko ixhunyiwe. Ifomu yayo ifana kakhulu neentloko ze-sorceress kwisikiti esicacileyo. I-nebula ebonakalayo, ekhanyayo ngenxa yommandla kunye noRigel. Kwiifoto, iNtloko yoMlingo unobumba obunqabileyo, kuba iinxalenye zothuli lwe-cosm in the composition of nebula zibonakalisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye uRigel ngokwakhe uphuma ikakhulu kwinxalenye ebomvu yembalo.

Ukuguquka kwemvelo

Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqhakazileyo kwi-constellation yaseOrion aziyi kuba njalo. Iinkqubo zangaphakathi zombini ziza kutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ekuhambeni kwexesha kunye nokuqhuma kwamafutha kwaye, mhlawumbi, ukutshabalalisa-ubukhulu obukhulu bube negalelo ekukholeni kwexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kwixesha lethu baya kuba neleyo. Ngokweziganeko zeBelgegeuse ubuncinane ziya kukhanyela enye iwaka lamawaka amabini. Emva koko ulindele ukuwa kunye nokuqhuma. Ngelo xesha, ukukhanya kwayo kuya kufaniswa nokukhanya kwesigamu okanye kwenyanga. Kwesinye isimo, iBetelgeuse "iya kuzinza" ibe yinto emhlophe. Kukho nawuphi na, ekupheleni kwenkqubo yombonisi womhlaba, igalelo likaOrion liya kuphuma.

U-Rigel ulindele ukuba kubekho ukukhanya ebhakabhakeni ixesha elifutshane ngokuqhuqhuma kwamandla amakhulu. Ngokucinga, ulaka lwakhe luya kufaniswa nekota yenyanga.

Ezinye iLimi

Iinkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqaqambileyo kwi-constellation yaseOrion azizona izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo zeso siphezulu sasezulwini. Ibhande lomzingeli liqukethe ezintathu ezibonakala ngokucacileyo kwiimpawu zemihlaba. Ezi ziMintaka (Orion Delta), uAnitak (Zeta) kunye no-Alnilam (Epsilon). Kwiphepha lasekhohlo lomzingeli nguBellatrix (iGamma Orion), inqaku lesithathu elikhanyayo kwinqanaba. Ukukhanya kwayo kudlula ilanga kumawaka amawaka amane. Phakathi kweenkwenkwezi ezikhoyo ukubonwa ngeso iso, i-Bellatrix ibonakala ngokufudumala okukhulu komhlaba. Ubushushu balo buqikelelwa kwi-21 500º K.

I-Nebulae kunye nomda omnyama

Ienkwenkwezi ezimbini eziqhakazileyo kwi-Orion yeenkali zantsi ngaphantsi kweBelt kwaye zibhekisela kwiNkrele yamaHunter. Lo nguTheta kunye ne-Iota Orion. Phakathi kwabo, into yesithathu iyabonakala, leyo, ngokungazi, inokuthi ibonelelwe kwinani leenkwenkwezi. Nangona kunjalo, lo yi-Great Orion Nebula, ebonakala ngathi yincinane, indawo ephazamisayo esuka eMhlabeni. Izikhanyiso ezintsha zihlala zizalwe apha. Ngokukhawuleza kuthiwa isondele kakhulu kumhlaba omnyama womhlaba, ngobuninzi obungaphezu kwelanga ezili-100.

Akukho ngaphantsi kwe-M42, i-Torch kunye ne-Nehead Head Nebula nazo ziyaziwayo, nazo zifumaneka kwi-Orion yamaqela. Iyokuqala ifana neelangatye, iphakama ngaphezu komlilo, apho ifumene igama layo. I-Nehead Head Nebula iyalungisa igama kule fomu. Imifanekiso ibonisa ngokucacileyo umgca wehashe. Kubonakala sengathi uzimisele ukuqhubela phambili. Intloko yamaHhashi ibhekisela kwi-nebulae ebonakalisayo: ngokwayo, ayifaki ukukhanya. Ikhono lokumxela linikezelwa yimvelaphi IC 434. Ikhanyisa ummelwane omnyama.

Kwiifoto ezininzi zeelascopes, i-constellation yaseOrion ibonakala ibonakala. Izinto ezithakazelisayo: iinkwenkwezi, i-nebulae, amafu egesi kunye nothuli lwe-cosmic - bamangalise ngobuhle babo kwiifoto. Nangona kunjalo, kwaye ukusuka eMhlabeni i-silhouette yomzingeli ibonakala ingabonakali. Ubuninzi bezinto eziqaqambileyo nezifikelelekayo ukubonwa ngamehlo abukekanga, mhlawumbi, kungekho mifanekiso yezulu.

Abo banqwenela ukubona bonke ubuhle obufihliweyo ngumzingeli weengcali bangasebenzisa izixhobo ezininzi kwi-astronomy evumela ukufundisisa kuquka i-constellation Orion: "Astragalaxy", imephu yeenkcukacha ze-Google Sky, inkonzo yeGoogle Earth.