Iintsholongwane Coliform emanzini. coliforms Thermotolerant

iintsholongwane Coliform zisoloko khona wokugaya kwezilwanyana nabantu, kwakunye inkunkuma yobomi babo. Nabo babe ngezityalo, umhlaba kunye ungcoliseko lwamanzi yingxaki enkulu ngenxa yethuba wokosulelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ngamagciwane ezahlukeneyo.

Umonakalo emzimbeni

Ingaba iintsholongwane coliform iyingozi? Abaninzi kubo musa ukuba izifo, Noko ke, ezinye iintlobo engaqhelekanga E. coli kunokubangela izifo kakhulu. Ukongezelela abantu abanokosulelwa iigusha neenkomo. Liphakamisa iinkxalabo ukuba amanzi angcolile ngokobunjani lwangaphandle akukho kwahluka ukusela zesiqhelo kukungcamla, ivumba kunye nenkangeleko. iintsholongwane Coliform afumaneka nkqu emanzini kakuhle, nto leyo kuthathwa ukuba nigqibelele emisebenzini yonke ingqondo. Ukuqinisekisa yeyona ndlela kuphela ukufumanisa ubukho iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa sibona?

Kuthekani ukuba iintsholongwane coliform okanye nayiphi na enye ezifumaneka amanzi okusela? Kulo mzekelo, imfuno alungise okanye ukuguqulwa kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi. Xa esetyenziselwa kweentsholongwane kulibiza ibile kwaye kwakhona uvavanyo-, nto leyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungcoliseko zange nya, ukuba iintsholongwane coliform thermotolerant.

Isalathisi ephilayo

Itotali iintsholongwane coliform kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba Isalathisi ephilayo, kuba kubonisa ubukho enokubakho iintsholongwane eziyingozi emanzini, ezifana E. coli. Nangona uninzi Ngeentlobo azinabungozi kwaye bahlala emathunjini abantu esempilweni nezilwanyana, ezinye leyo negalelo ukuyilwa ityhefu, ukugula kakhulu kwaye lunokubulala. Ukuba bacterium abakhoyo emzimbeni, ezi mpawu zixhaphakileyo i ukuphazamiseka phecana, ifiva, iintlungu zesisu esiswini kunye norhudo. Iimpawu kugqame kakhulu ebantwaneni okanye amalungu osapho abakhulileyo.

amanzi acocekileyo

Ukuba iintsholongwane coliform emanzini lilonke azifumaneki, ngoko phantse ngokuqinisekileyo umntu kuthathwa ukuba microbiologically kukhuselekile ukuwasela.
Ukuba bathe zifunyanwa, ngoko kuya kuba kulingane ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo.

Bacterium ukuthanda ubushushu nokufuma

iimeko lobushushu kunye nemozulu nabo badlala indima ebalulekileyo. Umzekelo, E. coli bakhetha ukuhlala phezu komhlaba kwaye uyabathanda nobushushu, ukuze iintsholongwane coliform emanzini okusela zisisiphumo umkrozo enemijelo komhlaba kunye neemeko zemozulu ukufudumala yaye kufumile, lo gama i-nani lincinane iintsholongwane ifumaneka ngexesha lasebusika.

shock chlorination

Ukuze bambulale ngempumelelo iintsholongwane basebenzisa chlorine, leyo yiluciferase nezingcoliso. Xa imali yayo iza kuba nefuthe iimpawu zamanzi ezifana pH kunye neqondo lobushushu. Ubunzima avareji zenkqunto owomileyo ilitha nganye malunga 0.3-0.5 mg. Ukubulala iintsholongwane coliform jikelele emanzini okusela, kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30. Ixesha zoqhagamshelwano kungancitshiswa ngokwandisa ithamo chlorine, kodwa olunokufuneka amacebo ezongezelelweyo ngenxa yokubulala incasa ethile kunye nevumba.

Babebona ukukhanya yelanga

A ukhetho ethandwayo ingqalelo imitha kweentsholongwane yelanga. Lendlela akuthethi kuthi ukusetyenziswa kwazo naziphi na iikhemikhali. Noko ke, esi sixhobo awusebenzi apho coliforms jikelele idlula amathanga eziliwaka 100 ml yamanzi nganye. Icebo ngokwawo iquka isibane UV engqongwe izingxobo iglasi zwi, ekuthe ulwelo okufakwe ukukhanya eyingozi. amanzi alunyangwanga ngaphakathi iyunithi kufuneka acoceke yaye simahla nayiphi na ityhefu ebonakalayo, Ukuxinana okanye turbidity ukuvumela zokukhanya eziphilayo ngolunya.

Olunye ukhetho unyango

Kukho nezinye iindlela ezininzi processing osetyenziswayo iintsholongwane emanzini. Noko ke, ukuba abayi kucetyiswa ixesha elide, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

• Iodine. Xa degrees 100 Celsius for umzuzu omnye ezisebenza ngokubulala iintsholongwane. Le ndlela isoloko isetyenziswa xa kweentsholongwane amanzi ngexesha likaxakeka, okanye xa kuyimfuneko. Kuthatha ixesha kunye nenkqubo olunzulu amandla kwaye idla isetyenziswa kuphela xa izixa amancinane amanzi. Le asiyiyo ixesha elide okanye ukhetho abasisigxina kweentsholongwane amanzi.
• Ozonation. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, le ndlela lisetyenziswa njengendlela yokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi, ekupheliseni iingxaki ezahlukeneyo, kuquka called yebhaktiriya. Njengoko chlorine, ozone i arhente eyomeleleyo oxidizing, okubulala iintsholongwane. Kodwa ke ngaxeshanye igesi iyahlozinga, yaye zifumaneka kuphela ngokusebenzisa umbane. iiyunithi Ozonation adla Kucetyiswa ukuba kwamagciwane, ngenxa yokuba kakhulu eninzi ngaphezu chlorination okanye UV systems.
• Iodization. Indlela kanye oluthandwa kweentsholongwane kwiminyaka yakutshanje kucetyiswa kuphela yexesha elifutshane okanye kweentsholongwane amanzi kaxakeka.

coliforms Thermotolerant

Le iqela elikhethekileyo eziphilayo abakwaziyo ijike lactose kwi 44-45 degrees Celsius. Ezi ziquka sodidi Escherichia, kwaye ezinye iindidi Klebsiella, Enterobacter, kunye Citrobacter. Ukuba amanzi iqulethe izinto zangaphandle, oko kubonisa ukuba ayizange kakuhle ucocwe, ezingcolisekileyo kwakhona, okanye iqulethe izondlo kwemfuneko. Ukuba kukho afumaneka kuyimfuneko ukukhangela ubukho ngayo iyamelana obushushu aphezulu iintsholongwane coliform.

Uhlalutyo ekuzakuqalwa

eziphilayo Coliform fanele ukuba gram iintsholongwane ukuba zifane wand, bahlala kunye hlobo kwisiqwenga esezantsi wokudla kwezilwanyana nabantu. Ngokubanzi, iibhaktheriya ziquka iintlobo ezininzi, yingozi shiyana. Uhlalutyo ekuzakuqalwa kubandakanya ukuchongwa zonke iintlobo iintsholongwane kunye nezinambuzane. Uhlalutyo ekuzakuqalwa yenziwa ukukhangela kuphela amanzi okusela, kodwa ukuvavanya ukhuseleko amanzi apho abantu bayakuvuyela ukuba bachithe ixesha labo lokuzonwabisa. Ezinye, Kakade ke, Musani ukuboyika kuqubha emanzini, apho kwafunyanwa, "Wand", kodwa ukhuseleko kula manzi nako kulawulwa. Kukho iimfuno ezithile wococeko amanzi komhlaba.

Ukuba coliforms zabonwa, oku kubonisa ukuba amanzi beza kwamagciwane. Ngoko ke, ukuqala ukusasaza zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Amanzi okusela angcolile uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana iSalmonella neentlobo, Shigella, E. coli kunye nezinye kwamagciwane ezininzi ukuba isukela ukuphazamiseka mnene wokugaya ukuya segazi kakhulu, kholera, yicesina, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

imithombo Domestic zosulelo

Umgangatho wamanzi okusela esweni rhoqo khangela iinkonzo ezizodwa zempilo. Kwaye kungenza umntu oqhelekileyo, ukuze uzikhusele wena uze ukhusele nxamnye called zingafuneki khona? Yintoni na imithombo yongcoliseko lwamanzi kwindawo lwasekhaya?

1. Amanzi avela ezibandayo. Abantu abaninzi abachukumisa kule fowuni, kokukhona amathuba elalana ngayo iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba amanzi yonke ukuphola lesithathu ukukhasa nezinto eziphilayo.
2. Emvula. Okumangalisayo kukuba, emva kokuba imvula eqokelelweyo ukufuma na indawo evumayo kuphuhliso coliforms. begadi Advanced ukusebenzisa le manzi, kuquka ukunkcenkceshela izityalo.
3. Lakes kunye namachibi nabo basengozini, njengoko amanzi amileyo uya yathandwa zonke izinto eziphilayo, hayi iintsholongwane nje. Okungumahluko elwandle, uphuhliso kunye nokwanda iifom eziyingozi kukho ezincinci.
4. Imeko yalo mbhobho. Ukuba imisele awuyitshintshanga kwaye icocwe ixesha elide, kusenokukhokelela ekubeni engxakini.