Ikhalenda Gregorian: Ibali imvelaphi kunye eziphambili neempawu

ikhalenda Gregorian - eqhelekileyo kakhulu nkqubo ngokulandelelana, ogama emva uPopu Gregory XII, ngubani zanyanzelisa intshayelelo yayo ehlabathini yamaKatolika. Abantu abaninzi ngephutha bakholelwa ukuba uGregory, yenyuka ngale nkqubo, Noko ke, oko akunjalo. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, lo iphefumlelwe iphambili yale mbono yaba gqirha Italian Aloysius, leyo kuthiwa ukungqinisiseka imfuneko utshintsho ngaphambi kweli xesha.

Ingxaki maxesha ngawo onke amaxesha lwalulinganiselwe kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba oko kwamkelwa njengesiqalo yaye yintoni na umhla, inyanga nonyaka, ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso lenzululwazi yezembali kweli lizwe nkqu abemi abaqhelekileyo.

Kwakukho ke kukho njengoluhlu lwezixokelelwano kwazo: kuthatyathwe njengesiseko isindululo kwenyanga ejikeleza umhlaba, omnye kwinqanaba reference cinga kwasekudalweni kwehlabathi, eyesithathu - beshiya Muhammad evela eMecca. Xa impucuko eze nezinto ezintsha, utshintsho ngamnye umlawuli kwakhokelela utshintsho kwikhalenda. Kulo mzekelo, omnye iingxaki eziphambili kukuba nakufa imini ezisentlabathini, nawuphi na unyaka bomhlaba musa kuhlala inani kumjikelo kweeyure neentsuku, umbuzo lonke - ntoni na amasalela eseleyo?

Omnye yokuqala yaba kwiindlela ezininzi ngempumelelo ekuthiwa ikhalenda uJulian, ogama emva noGayo Yuliya Tsezarya, ibhodi apho wayebonakele. I ezintsha eziphambili kukuba wonke kunyaka wesine kongezwa ngenye imini. Lo nyaka wayeza kubizwa ngumnyaka omnqakathi.

Noko ke, ukuqaliswa konyaka omnqakathi kuphela ngexesha le ngxaki Walungisa. Kwelinye icala, kwaqhubeka, nangona nje ngokukhawuleza njengoko ngaphambili, ukuze yande umahluko phakathi kunyaka wekhalenda kunye nemvula, kunye nenye - imini Easter iwela iintsuku ezahlukeneyo zeveki, nangona, ngokoluvo inkoliso amaKatolika, Easter kuzakusoloko lungeCawa .

Ngowe-1582, emva kokuba ukubala ezininzi kwaye zisekelwe phezu izibalo echanileyo ngeenkwenkwezi, eNtshona Yurophu kwabakho inguqu kwi khalenda Gregorian. Lo nyaka kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu ngoko nangoko emva kokuba i-Oktobha 4 beza elinesihlanu.

Le khalenda Gregorian sifana kakhulu izibonelelo ezisisiseko komanduleli yayo: ngonyaka kwaye iquka iintsuku ezingama-365 kunye uvale - ukususela 366, njengoko inani leentsuku iyahluka kuphela ngoFebruwari - 28 okanye 29. umahluko ophambili kukuba lushiya ikhalenda kaGregorian ukusuka ibuye yonke iminyaka ukuba iziphindwa ze ezilikhulu, ngaphandle kwabo ziyahluleka ngo 400 ukongeza, ukuba ikhalenda uJulian, unyaka omtsha kuza yokuqala kuSeptemba okanye wokuqala ngoMatshi, inkqubo entsha ngokulandelelana kwaye ekuqaleni wathi ngoDisemba 1, yaye emva koko saya e oko kukuthi inyanga.

elaphulwe eRashiya, phantsi kwempembelelo ibandla ikhalenda entsha ixesha elide bendingamazi thina, bekholelwa ukuba ngalo lonke ukulandelelana kweziganeko ivangeli. Le khalenda Gregorian yaqaliswa eRashiya kuphela ekuqaleni kuka-1918 emva kokuba iiBolsheviks weza igunya, kamsinya nje into yokuqala kaFebruwari elinesine.

Nangona nokuchaneka lukhulu, inkqubo Gregorian kusenjalo abangafezekanga. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba kwikhalenda uJulian, kukho usuku kwabunjwa kwiminyaka 128, i-Gregorian kufuna 3200.