Imbali bengqondo. Iindlela yembali psychology

Imbali psychology lijongana isifundo imithetho yophuhliso izimvo psyche yabantu. Isifundo imbali psychology yahluke gqitha ukusuka umxholo kwale nzululwazi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kufuneka umahluko. Isifundo bengqondo - iindlela kuyo, imithetho kunye nezibakala yomsebenzi yengqondo zabantu. Kangangexesha elide eli inzululwazi wayengomnye kwezihloko bulumko. Yaye emva kokuba ukwahlukana phakathi kwisebe eyahlukileyo ebikuyo uxhulumaniso kunye bulumko. Ukongeza, ukuba baphenjelelwa nkalo zilandelayo: ezizwe, inzululwazi, amayeza, ithiyori inkcubeko, isosioloji, imathematika, Ezolimi, logic, ubugcisa.

Iindlela yembali psychology

iindlela ezisisiseko bengqondo - le uvavanyo, ngokubona experiment. Nakule sengqondo - a iindlela yembali kwaye ziyasebenza, zembali kunye yemfuza, nabantu kunye ngokuphila, kwakunye yokuba nodliwanondlebe kunye nohlalutyo kweengxelo kwengqondo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje baba uhlalutyo kuthandwa categorical.

Eyona engundoqo amanqanaba imbali yale isayensi

Imbali psychology uye izigaba ezininzi zophuhliso.

1. Psychology - inzululwazi umoya nomphefumlo womntu. Le nkcazelo wanikwa malunga 2 namawaka. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Yeyona ubukho umphefumlo womntu wayebacacisela yonke into eyinqaba. Yena waba zonke obukhoyo ehlabathini. Umphefumlo bendiqonda njengeziko ethile, nto leyo elizimeleyo umzimba nokulawula zonke izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. zobulumko abaziwayo ixesha: uSocrates, Democritus, uPlato noAristotle, uEpicurus, Lucretius. Ayekholelwa ukuba umphefumlo - olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo mba, olu sapho lwaluquka kwezakhiwo ezincinane ungqukuva - atom.

2. Psychology - inzululwazi ngayo ingqondo yomntu. Le nkcazo ukuvela ngenkulungwane ye-17. Ukukwazi ukuziva, ukuba ufuna into, cinga ngokuba ukuqonda. Indlela engundoqo lagqalwa inkcazelo ngezibakala kunye ukwakhelwa abantu ngasemva. A sobulumko ebalulekileyo ixesha - Descartes. Wabe ingqiqo umphefumlo nomzimba, yaye wazibeka iziseko prichinnostnoy ingqiqo (deterministic) ukuziphatha. Luhlanganise umzimba kwaye bazama umphefumlo sobulumko Spinoza. Wayekholelwa ukuba indlela enjalo kwi bengqondo ivumela ingqalelo iziganeko sengqondo kanye iinxa efanayo kunye nokuchaneka, njengoko isifundo imiphezulu kunye iilayini kwi geometry. Imbali Psychology has a lot of amagama amakhulu: Leibniz (owavela ingqiqo ingqondo zingqondweni), Ngcuka, J. Locke ..

3. Psychology - inzululwazi yokuziphatha kwabantu. Kubonakele kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. umsebenzi wayo kukuba experiment nawazibonayo yokuba uyakwazi ukubona (indlela yokuziphatha, ukusabela, ukuziphatha). Xa yezizathu ezifanayo owabangela ukuba ezi okanye ezinye izenzo azithathelwa ngqalelo. Kukho ulwabiwo bengqondo njenge inzululwazi ozimeleyo eyahlukileyo. Kwaba ngelo xesha liyayeka ukuba bengqondo osezingqondweni, njengoko ingcamango ukwandiswa psyche oluntu izinto ngamnye kwaba bubuxoki. UWilliam James liphuhlise indlela yokusebenza. It isebenzisa iindlela self-ngokuqaphela, anze kunye nexesha-ifakwe isigqibo naziphi na iingxaki. kwengqondo yaseMelika Isazinzulu Watson wadala ngendlela behaviorist, leyo isebenzisa iindlela zokufundisa iindlela zovavanyo. Watson wayekholelwa ukuba ukuziphatha umntu kaThixo kufundwa ngokungakhethe cala, nto leyo eyenzeka kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Uphuhliso bengqondo eRashiya. Iimbalasane

Imbali bengqondo yaphuhliswa eRashiya. In pre-revolution kunye pre-imfazwe ixesha kwinkqubo kufuneka Chelpanov Bekhterev, Pavlov, Sechenov, Chelpanov Blonsky, Rubinstein, Basov, Kornilov kunye Kostyuk. Ngexesha Second World War yasekwa liSebe Psychology e Moscow State University, owasekwa ngo-bengqondo yentanda Sector Institute. Kweli xesha kwemfazwe, nempembelelo enkulu kwimbali psychology ukuba Halperin, Smirnov, Leontiev kunye Drudge.