Rodrigo Borgia - uPopu wesibini Spanish uhlobo Borgia

Future Pope Rodrigo Borgia wazalelwa naseAragon. wobukhosi bakhe waduma ngenxa yokuba sele ulinike ilizwe abathile kubaphathi bomzi ka Gandia, kwakunye elinesibini kwezi iindwalutho otshatsheleyo Catholic Church.

usapho

legend Family yokuba sodidi Borgia uqalwa unyana ka omnye zookumkani waseNavarre. Kakade ke abaphathi yokuqala yale ngamagama amaqhawe, wafumana izabelo emva Muslims zaye isitampu ukuya kumzantsi Valencia. Borgia waba domain lokuqala Xativa (apho uRodrigo wazalwa ngo-1431), yaye kamva yathi yathengwa isixeko Gandia.

Ngumalume waloo mntwana kwaba Cardinal Alfonso, owathi kamva waba Pope Calixto III. Oku itywiniweyo okumiselwe uRodrigo Borgia. Waya ukwakha umsebenzi kwakhe eRoma. Ngowe-1456 waba iyintsika yeBandla.

Ukufudukela eRoma

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ukuqeshwa loo kwenzeka ukuxhumana entsapho. Nakuba kunjalo, i-Cardinal oselula uye wazibonakalisa ngumququzeleli abanezakhono kunye nomlawuli. Ngoko, kungekudala waba Usekela-Ngqonyela. iitalente yakhe ngumlungiseleli yeBandla oyintsobi ethandwa kwiSixeko obunguNaphakade. Ngoko ke, nge papa ngamnye omtsha wavuka amathuba ngakumbi nangakumbi ukuba upopu elandelayo. Ukongezelela, kwiminyaka ethile iimpawu kunye nosekela-yingqonyela uRodrigo Borgia wafumana imali engakumbi (wayiqhubela zafeza), wamnika isixhobo eyongezelelweyo impembelelo.

Pope ukhetho

Gold wathabatha Cardinal zibalaseleyo 1492 xa wafa Innocent VIII. Rodrigo Borgia wavakalisa candidacy yakhe kwitrone St Peter. Waba okhuphisana ezimbalwa. Le mihlangano ngokuba Borgia ngamavoti ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha electors, leyo, ndayihluthwa kuye ithuba lokuba babe Pope. Waza waqala ukunyoba izitha zakhe kunye Iikhadinali.

Oku ngokuyintloko wathinta ubhishophu futhe likhulu Sforza. wayethenjisiwe kwisithuba esitsha Erlau, kwakunye umvuzo onesisa. Le umviwa bayeka kugqatso isihloko waza waqalisa aziphazamise for uRodrigo Borgia. Biography of Cardinal kwakungumzekelo, yena iminyaka emininzi ukumelana ngempumelelo mngeni wema phambi kwakhe phezu kwesihlalo eshushu. Ngokufanayo, ukuba anyotywa kunye nezinye Iikhadinali. Ngenxa iivoti 14 lonyulo yaseSpain ngenxa yokuba 23. Emva kokuba uphapha, wanyula igama Alexander VI.

angaphandle

Nangona kunjalo, lo abangooBhishophu amatsha iintshaba. Inkokeli lwabo ukuba uhlobo Cardinal della Rovere. Yena ekuhleni eliphikisa Pope entsha. Alexander ngokukhawuleza kubundlobongela, kunye nomfuziselo zeCawa abalekela kumazwe angabamelwane eFransi. Ngeli xesha imimiselo apho Charles VII of Valois. kwiikumkani French kule minyaka baye bazama ukuphembelela ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwi Apennines. Le ochaphazelekayo zombini amandla nezenyama abalawuli asekuhlaleni kwamazwe amancinane, kwaye yamaKatolika ukuya etroneni, apho impahla emfutshane ngayo phantsi kokumkani.

Della Rovere waqiniseka uCharles ukuba Pope omtsha ayingqinelani isimo sabo. YoMlawuli walumkisa Alexander ukuba uza kufika eRoma benze ukuba arhoxe okanye ubuncinane uhlaziyo ngaphakathi eCaweni, elisuke laba yindawo uhanahaniso kunye ukongamela ababingeleli ngeli xesha. AmaKristu amaninzi lwabacaphukisa umkhwa ukuthengisa kwezono kunye kwizikhundla zobunkokheli ngaphakathi mbutho.

Enye umdlali ebalulekileyo Italian yaba uBukumkani Naples kwi kwezopolitiko. abalawuli bayo lenyuka ukusuka ngapha nangapha. Ekugqibeleni, Pope Rodrigo Borgia Ndinokuqiniseka ubukhosi elilawulayo Gonzaka kumnceda kwidabi lokulwa i-French, ingakumbi ekubeni umnwe Naples. Ukongeza, i-Pope lifumene inkxaso kwezinye yasebukhosini Catholic - umlawuli we oyiNgcwele baseRoma uBukhosi inguKumkani naseAragon.

Alexander kwafuneka ukuba bashiye ingcamango imfazwe engcwele nxamnye umbusi Turkish, ezazifuna lonke Europe zivela empumalanga. Uye sele wayithimba eConstantinople - ikomkhulu yoBukhosi baseByzantium, kwaye ngoku ithi ezibuthathaka Balkan alikwazanga imthintele ehlasela Italy efanayo. I Pope, njengentloko onke amaKatolika, sibe inkokeli yenkcaso ophango amaSilamsi, njengoko ababengaphambi kwakhe akwenzileyo ngemihla Zomnqamlezo. Kodwa ungquzulwano ne-France abazange bamvumele ukuba baqonde le mbono.

ehlasela French

An ingxabano bexhobile, kamva owabizwa ngokuba First Italian War historiography. Ixesha lubonise ukuba ukwahlula usingasiqithi yaba enkundleni ungquzulwano phakathi amagunya asebumelwaneni (ubukhulu becala France kunye Habsburgs) iye kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela.

Kodwa xa kwimigaqo City Obungunaphakade Pope Rodrigo Borgia, imfazwe badumele ukuba bayinto, ngaphandle zesiqhelo. Kwicala le Valois waba nomkhosi olusebenzayo eSwitzerland Piedmont. Xa French nakuyiwela Alps, bona Washumayela kunye namahlakani abo Italian.

Abahlaseli ikwazile ukufikelela Naples kwaye ukuthatha eRoma. Nangona kunjalo, eli phulo liye lubonise ukuba i-French akazange ukuphatha ukuzuza zintshula kuloo engentle Peninsula. Ngoko ke, ukumkani wasayina isivumelwano soxolo kunye izitha zayo. Kodwa kakhulu emva kwexesha - ukungalingani amandla e-Italy kuye kwakhokelela ukuvela kwiimfazwe ezininzi yengingqi phakathi komzi-ithi. Pope uye usoloko ezabalazela ukuba kude kulo mlo, inzuzo evela kwiimpixano aselumelwaneni.

indlela yokuphila

nkqubo esebenzayo bezinye iintlanga Pope ayizange imthintele ukusebenza kunye nemicimbi zangaphakathi. Kubo, yena ngocoselelo wafunda ubugcisa ngamayelenqe. Omnye izixhobo zakhe azithandayo wayenikezela ngaphandle iminqwazi Iikhadinali abanyanisekileyo abantu ukuba wamvumela ukuba ahlale izinzile kwi imeko yabo de ekufeni kwakhe.

ERoma, bamlandela lonke elaseYurophu waya amarhe engasi okubi abangooBhishophu kunye kwinkundla yakhe. Wathi amaninzi ukuba Rodrigo uAleksandr Bordzhia, nangona ubume babo, musa soyike neentlobano zesini, kunye nezinye iintshukumo abaninzi lokuba le abangooBhishophu. abantwana Bakhe njengoyise. nyana uthandwayo Alexander kaThixo Juan ekugqibeleni bamfumana efile kwi iTiber. Yena wabulawa ngenxa omnye ngquzulwano ezininzi kunye nokusingqongileyo nempembelelo. Iziza ngamayelenqe eRoma babe eziqhelekileyo. Pope Iintshaba babulawa iityhefu okanye izifo "ngesiquphe".

Alexander VI wafa ngo-1503. Yena uzuko wahlala omnye neyamabamba ezininzi obuvakalala St Peter. De kube ngoku, abaphandi abakwazi ukufikelela kwisigqibo article, ukusuka apho wafa - ukusuka icesina ebandayo okanye ityhefu.

Kunjalo Borgia kwamenza iindumiso ezininzi. Kaninzi baba ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yakhe philantrophic eRoma, nto leyo ethe wenza umbulelo ukuba kwingeniso enkulu zobuqu.