Battle kwi Neva emlanjeni: Oonobangela kunye neziphumo

July 15, 1240 wenza imfazwe eyimbali emlanjeni Neva. amajoni Russian phantsi ngokomyalelo Alexander Nevski, uzuze uloyiso elihlazo phezu komkhosi Swedish. Emva kwesi siganeko, Alexander Nevsky waba isiqhulo odumileyo. Eli gama yaziwa yonke Russian, kwaye unanamhla.

prehistory

Battle kwi Neva River 1240 ungaqali ngokuzenzekelayo. Yayikhokelwe eziliqela iziganeko ezibalulekileyo yezopolitiko kunye nembali.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-13, balwa, simanywe Novgorod, wenza okuthile rhoqo ngezizwe Finnish. Ke ngokuba uhambo lwabo sazela, injongo yayo kulawula abantu abaninzi. Uninzi balwa ubunzima izizwe udibaniso Em. Nantsi ke imbangi iingxabano elide. Balwa besoyika ngawo eFinland, owayelangazelela ukubhaptiza nabo benze namahlakani.

Kule zange ayeke aba bahlaseli. Bona njalo baqhubeka behlasela karhataka emasimini ecaleni Neva River, kwakunye ngqo kwi ndawo Novgorod. Sweden iye kakhulu buthathaka iingxabano vnutriusobnymi, ngoko wayefuna ukuba ukutsala amadoda ezininzi ngabafo ecaleni lakhe. Abazange zona ukweyisela ukuzuza ecaleni layo kunye abalandeli imali lula. Kangangexesha elide abantu Finno-Karelian ayihlasela ilizwe Swedish, kwaye ngo-1187 yaye amanyene ngokupheleleyo Novgorod. Bazitshisa Sigtuna - elikomkhulu lamandulo Sweden.

Le ngxabano yathatha ixesha elide. Ngalunye lwaso, kwaye Swedish kunye Russian, uye wafuna ukumisa igunya labo kumhlaba Izhora, leyo yayimi ecaleni Neva River, kwaye Karelian Isthmus.

umhla neZakhiwo phambi iziganeko odumileyo ezifana Battle kwi Neva River, yaba nengxelo Impi lweSibini Finland Pope Gregory IX ngoDisemba 1237. NgoJuni 1238 i-Danish ukumkani Waldemar II kunye iNkosi IMbasa odibeneyo kaHermann abavumelani yavumelana kwisahlulo karhulumente Estonian kunye ekuqaleni ngamajoni nxamnye neRashiya kwi aseBalti kunye ngoncedo balwa. Le nto iye yavusa imfazwe phezu komlambo Neva. Umhla, iziganeko baziwa ngoku, yaba kwindawo yokuqala kwimbali Russia kunye nobudlelwane balo kunye namazwe angabamelwane. Ukulwela lubonise ukukwazi kwelizwe lethu alwe umkhosi utshaba olunamandla. Kufuneka uthathe ingqalelo yokuba edabini kwi Neva River yenzekile ngexesha nzima. amazwe Russian nje iqalile kwakhona emva kweminyaka lihlasele kwaye amandla amajoni Mongol baye babuthathaka kakhulu.

Battle kwi Neva emlanjeni: umthombo

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo malunga loo mbali kudala kufuneka uqokelele ngokoqobo kancinci kancinci. Abaphengululi abaninzi banomdla iziganeko ezifana Battle kwi Neva River, umhla. Ngokufutshane apha impi amaxwebhu zembali. Kakade ke, le mithombo inqabile. Enye elaziwa ingabizwa kuqala indaba Novgorod. Kwakhona, ulwazi zingafumaneka Life of Alexander Nevsky. Kuthathwa ukuba yabhalwa ngexesha iziganeko ngaphakathi yee- zenkulungwane XIII.

Ukuba sicinga imithombo yaseScandinavia, ukuba musa ziqulathe iinkcukacha amadabi amanqam ezinjalo, ngathi Idabi komlambo Neva kunye Battle of the Ice. Sinako ukufunda kuphela oko woyisa squad encinane Swedish kwi-sikhokelo yenkolo eFinland.

Kwakhona akwaziwa ukuba ukuba, phila umkhosi yaseScandinavia. Ngokusekelwe kwimithombo Russian, izazinzulu zithi ukuba unyana emthethweni kaKumkani Birger Magnusson.

Kodwa Jarl Sweden ke ngo 1248, kwaye ngexesha edabini ke Ulf Fasi abo, mhlawumbi, waza wakhokelela kolo hambo. Kulo mzekelo, Birger ukuba akwenze, nangona kukho uluvo esahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iziphumo ngabembi bezinto zakudala zibonisa ukuba Birger uhlatywe kwinxalenye phambi intloko ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Le nto iyahambelana nomgaqo ulwazi Alexander Nevsky uhlatywe emehlweni kakumkani.

Battle kwi Neva River: Umhla

ziganeko zembali de ngenkulungwane XVI, akwenziwanga kwaba ibhalwe kwimithombo igosa elithile. Amaxesha amaninzi, ababhali-mbali abakwazi kumisela umhla ngqo okanye ixesha elisondeleyo xa kukho kwabakho ukulwa ethile. Kodwa oku akusebenzi isiganeko esinjalo ebalulekileyo, imfazwe phezu komlambo Neva. Ziziphi nyaka ukuze oku kwenzeke? Ukuze lo mbuzo mbali uyayazi impendulo ngqo. Le mpi ngomhla kaJulayi 15, 1240.

Iziganeko ngaphambi kokuba impi

Akukho namnye kweli dabi awuqali ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwaye kukho uthotho iziganeko kwakhokelela ngephanyazo ezinzima, imfazwe phezu komlambo Neva. Unyaka apho Kwathi, i balwa baqalisa ngokumanyene Novgorod. Ehlotyeni iinqanawa zabo bafika emlonyeni Neva. I balwa kunye namahlakani zabo ziwela phezu konxweme, bamisa iintente zabo. Kwathi kwindawo apho Izhora aqukuqela kungena Neva.

Ukubunjwa abantu kwaba abanemfundo. Kwakugcwele i balwa, Novgorod, Norwegian, abameli Finnish izizwe kwaye, kakade, nabaveleli yamaKatolika. Imida yamazwe Novgorod zaye zikhuselwe phantsi wokhuseleko zaselwandle. olunikiweyo umlomo Neva River kumacala omabini i-Gulf of Finland izhoryane yakhe. Yaba ukuba ngumdala ukhuseleko Pelgusy e ngoJulayi kuse kwaye wafumanisa ukuba izithuthi Swedish kusondele. Oku izigidimi wangxama ukwazisa Prince Alexander.

Balwa uhambo Livonian eRashiya yaqala ngo-Agasti, exela ukuba zithathe kunoko ubone indawo, kwakunye ngoko nangoko kunye nemibane Prince Alexander basabela. Emva kokufumana iindaba ukuba utshaba kukufuphi, wagqiba ukwenza ngokwabo, ngaphandle koncedo kayise. Alexander Yaroslavovich wenza kumlo kunye ukulandelwa encinane. Battle kwi Neva River yaba ithuba isikhulu oselula ukubonisa ngokwakhe njengoko Umlawuli. Ngoko ke, abaninzi abantu abazange babe ixesha ampheleke. Alexander wathetha Ladoga kunye wamajoni abajoyine naye endleleni.

Ngokutsho amasiko ezikhoyo ngoko, lonke squad bezihlanganisene kwiziko Hagia Sophia, leyo wasikelelwa Archbishop Spyridon. Kwangaxeshanye, Alexander uthe idilesi kokuqaliswa, nezicatshulwa ukusuka ezaziwa namhlanje: "Akukho kumandla kaThixo, kodwa inyaniso!"

Le iqembu wafudukela isiwe ecaleni Volkhov ukuya Lake Ladoga ngokwayo. Ukusuka apho ke, wajika waya emlonyeni Izhora. Uninzi yomkhosi yayiquka mahashe, kodwa elihamba. Ukugcina ixesha lokuhamba, le nxalenye squad baqhubeka ihashe.

Ubalo empini

Le mpi yaqala July 15, 1940. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umkhosi Russian, ukongeza enesihlwele esinzima wenkosi uya kuthi kuyo iinjengele ubuncinane omnye iinkampani ezintathu Novgorod amanene kunye ladozhane.

Xa "Ubomi" ukhankanya amagama amajoni amathandathu abo benze izenzo zobugorha ngexesha edabini.

Gavrilo Olekseich Wavuka ukuya umkhombe utshaba, apho kuphoselwa yangxwelerheka, kodwa nangona oku entsha wakhwela yaye waqhubeka ukulwa. Sbyslav Yakunovich yambethe kuphela ngezembe, kodwa waziphosa sekunjalo ngokwakhe kokulwa edabini. Kungabi ngaphantsi ngobukroti balwa kunye huntsman Alexander Jacob Polochanin. Umkhonzi Sawa iyangena kwinkampu yotshaba kunye intente uthathekile balwa. Me of Novgorod wathabatha inxaxheba ekulweni ngeenyawo yazika iinqanawa utshaba ezintathu. umkhonzi Ratmir Alexander Yaroslavovchia, alwa ngesibindi kunye balwa embalwa, emva koko walimala wafela edabini.

Le mpi yathatha ukususela kusasa kwada kwahlwa. Sebegula abaphikisi ngasekhohlo. Balwa, eqonda ukuba nive ubunzima elihlazo, lihambe liye iinqanawa wayo kwaye bawelela kunxweme olungaphesheya.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba umkhosi Russian abazange Maluwusukele utshaba. Isizathu soku ayaziwa. Mhlawumbi nachaphazelekayo knight wesiko sibadimaze ngexesha nekhefu ukuze bangcwabe amajoni zabo. Mhlawumbi Alexander wabona kungekho mfuneko ukugqiba nanjengesinde eziseleyo balwa yaye akazange afune ukuba abeke nomkhosi wakhe.

ilahleko umhlambi Russian yaba XX amadoda ezindilekileyo, kwaye apha simele ungadibanisa vigilantes. Phakathi kwabafileyo le balwa kakhulu ngakumbi. Ababhali-mbali zithetha yentlaninge, ukuba amakhulu zamajoni.

iziphumo

Battle kwi Neva River, umhla apho aya kukhunjulwa kangangeenkulungwane, ukuba ukuthintela umngcipheko ekuqaleni Sweden kunye uMyalelo eRashiya kwixa elizayo. umkhosi Alexander likaThixo ngokuzimisela bayeka ukuhlaselwa kwabo Ladoga kunye Novgorod.

Noko ke, izinduna Novgorod Boyika ukuba igunya Alexander ikhula phezu kwabo. Baqalisa ukwakha maqhinga ezahlukeneyo kwenene entsha, ngenxa anyanzele ukuba aye kuyise Yaroslav. Noko ke, bamcela ukuba abuyele ukuqhubeka wayesilwa i Livonian uMyalelo, elafika Pskov.

Ukukhunjulwa lokulwa

Ukuze ukuba sizilibale iziganeko qelele Neva, inzala ka-Alexander wayefuna ziyaluthundeza inkumbulo yabo. Ngoko ke, ezikhumbuzo zokwakha omkhulukazi zadalwa, ngubani wayibuyisela amaxesha amaninzi. Ukongeza, umfanekiso Aleksandra Nevskogo ifumene ukubonakaliswa kwayo phezu iinkozo zemali kunye izitampu yokukhumbula.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Esi sakhiwo monolithic elimiswe yi Peter I ngowe-1710. Alexander Nevsky Monastery yakhiwa kwi emlonyeni River Black eSt Petersburg. Ngelo xesha, impazamo yokucinga ukuba idabi kwenzeka kule ndawo. Le inspirer noMdali Laura waba Domenico Trezzini. Emva koko, waqhubeka nomsebenzi ngamanye nabayili.

Ngowe-1724 la mathambo bafudukela apha Alexander Yaroslavovych. Ke kaloku ummandla woonongendi kukho ipaka yesizwe karhulumente. Le lomculo kuquka iicawa ezininzi, imyuziyam kunye emangcwabeni. Yagqiba abantu abaziwayo ezifana uMikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, UNikolai Karamzin, uMikhail Glinka, uModest Mussorgsky, uPyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Aleksandra Nevskogo Church in Ust-Izhora

Esi sakhiwo sakhiwe wokuwonga elaa uloyiso emfazweni ka 1240. Umhla zokwakha - 1711. Church izihlandlo eziliqela kutshiswa kakhulu kwaye yakhiwe. Ekupheleni itempile amarhamente imikhosi ilitye ngenkulungwane XVIII yayisakhiwa izinyeliso zentsimbi kunye nenqaba intsimbi.

Ngowe-1934 ibandla lavalwa, yaye ixesha elide sele isetyenziswe njengendawo yokugcina. Ngexesha Leningrad itempile yaye kuvalwe inqaba yasha ukususela wakhonza njengoko benchmark zokudubula German.

Ngowe-1990, umsebenzi waqalisa phezu ukubuyiselwa webandla yaye yamiselwa kwiminyaka embalwa kamva. Xa itempile kukho emangcwabeni encinane kunye indlwana wesikhumbuzo kunye nomfanekiso ka Aleksandra Nevskogo.

iingqekembe zokuprinta izitampu

Ngamaxesha athile, umfanekiso Aleksandra Yaroslavovicha isetyenziswa yoshicilelo. Ngoko ke, imali ezinkozo zokubhiyizela uMdyarho kunye nomfanekiso wakhe yakhululwa ngo-1995. Iminyaka wentlokoma emva kwedabi ekhoyo kunye ezibalulekileyo brand umdla kakhulu philatelists.

version screen

Ngo-2008, umbhali wakhululwa film "Alexander. I Neva Idabi" kwicandelo lokurenta. Isixelela Ekuqalekeni kobukumkani amanene abaselula Novgorod. Ekupheleni ifilimu iyazilandela imiboniso zedabi Battle of the Neva.

Le film ekhombisa abadlali ezifana Anton Pampushny, uSvetlana kunye Bakulin Igor Botwin. UMlawuli - Igor Kalenov.