Kubulawa of St. Bartholomew

Ngubani na lodaba kuthi ibinzana elithi "Bartholomew Night"? Ixabiso le phraseologism kwakhona ukwazi embalwa, eli binzana liye laziwa babuye ngqiqweni nakhohlakeleyo, nangogonyamelo ngokwenene ngqiqweni. Kodwa ke isizathu sokuba la mazwi aye wafumana eli xabiso yaziwa, ngelishwa, asinguye wonk 'umntu.

Iziganeko efunyenweyo kamva igama St. uBhartolomeyu, kwenzeka ngo-1572, ngobusuku-24 Agasti. Olu suku lubhiyozelwa ngomhla ka St. uBhartolomeyu, igama lakhe yaye kamva kwathiwa esi siganeko kabuhlungu. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuchaza isiganeko ngokwayo, amagama ambalwa kufuneka enokuthethwa sasisithini isizathu.

Europe ngenkulungwane XVI, esibonakala ukuyilwa kunye nokwanda iintshukumo zonqulo ezahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe ubuKristu, kodwa ukwala ubuKatolika yemveli kwezi ndawo. ndlela ezintsha yaye ngokwenene kakhulu kakhulu, kubandakanywa amaLuthere, Anglican, Calvin, njl Noko ke, enye kwenye, ukuba hlukile kancinane. Isiseko zonke zamaProtestanti iintshukumo lula undixokisa ukukhonza uThixo: ukulahlwa uninzi amiswa, zagcinwa kwaye kuphela ebelidlula ubhaptizo, kunye ligatya Hallows yentlonelo ii icon, njl Kwezindlu zonqulo ziye Ususe ngasesibingelelweni, Kakade ke, yonke eqingqiweyo, imifanekiso kunye ii icon, kwaye ngenene zonke ezintle. Ukongeza, zonke iintshumayelo kunye neengoma, kwakunye neBhayibhile, leyo ingqalelo umthombo kuphela ukufundisa, iguqulelwe kwiilwimi zomhlambi. Ngaphezu koko, akukho nto ngesibhambathiso ekungatshatini, yaye umbingeleli kungaba naliphi na ilungu loluntu. Le yokugqibela ngokukodwa lwabacaphukisa upopu bonke namaKatolika.

Ngenxa yokwanda ukuthandwa lweentshukumo zamaProtestanti eYurophu waqalisa izimpi zenkolo. Abaninzi kubo senzeka kummandla eFransi, njengoko kwakukho ngokubonakalayo ekuphuhliseni intshukumo ye nezenkolo. ngokuqhula French wabhekisela kwabo njengoko Huguenot, yaye ekugqibeleni kaBrown kunye nodidi bakaCalvin.

Ngenxa yoko, lwagqitywa iimfazwe igazi eziliqela Saint-Germain uxolo, awakukhupha ngazo Huguenot lifumene la malungelo, kubandakanywa buso inkululeko yonqulo. Ukongeza, inkokeli intshukumo Calvin, Admiral Coligny, ungeniswe kwibhunga yasebukhosini. Oku ukuba kungekudala ukuba ufumane nempembelelo enkulu kwi uCharles IX. Ukuze komeleza ngakumbi ihlabathi sele ethe, kwagqitywa ukunika Margaritu Valua njengelinye iinkokheli kaCalvin, Genriha Navarrskogo.

Ke ukumkanikazi-unina, Ekaterinu Medichi, le miba ayizange ivumelane. Ngokukodwa, waba kuba esoyika indlela aza azinampembelelo ukumkani. Yaye isibakala sokuba Colin wazama ukucenga Charles ukuqala i imfazwe Spain Catholic.

Ngethuba kulungiselelwa kumtshato Paris umdla eliqela ebonakalayo kunye nempembelelo amaProtestanti, leyo bamqumbisa namaKatolika izindawo. Ababingeleli kuphela ngakumbi shushu le ukunganeliseki. Kubandakanya nokusasazwa ngamarhe ukuba Huguenot ulungisa iyelenqe ukubhukuqa ukumkani.

wedding umsindo futhi eqaqambileyo, esenzeka Agasti 18, 1572 dolophu ngakumbi wayecaphukile. Xa umoya yokukhula ukunganeliseki kunye iziganeko phambili ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. I-Duc de ngesebe Agasti 22 Wenza imizamo Coligny. Ngako oko, Huguenot babefuna ukohlwaya mthetho. Konke oku kwavusa phakathi bakaCalvin amarhe ukuba imfazwe entsha amaKatolika akunakuphepheka. Abanye babo bakhawuleza ukuba bemke kweso sixeko.

Kakade ke, n Medichi wasebenzisa le meko yaye aqiniseke uCharles badinga wentshabalalo yesitalato Huguenot. Ke kaloku St. Bartholomew lokulwa.

23 Agasti ukuya umyalelo kakumkani onke amasango ngaphandle Paris ziye zavalwa, nezindlu Huguenot waniphawula ngetshokhwe. Ngobo busuku, abo babemenzele iyelenqe ayaphula ekhayeni Admiral belimele wambulala. Emva koku, abemi dolophu, abefundisi waxhokonxa waqala singene endlwini abulale wonk 'ubani oza indlela yabo. Abo ingqalelo imiqathango odd ukhohlakele ezinjalo, ngamandla niyohlwaywa ziyafuneka nkqu basongela kunye amsongele.

Kubulawa efanayo ngabom yaqala, nakwezinye izixeko eFransi. Total Bartholomew ebusuku kwabulawa ngaphezulu kwe 10,000 bakaCalvin, apho malunga nezigidi ezi-3 wafa eParis. Akukho nzima ukuqashela ukuba loo inkohlakalo nje akazange ukusombulula le ngxaki, kodwa kube kubi. Emva koko imfazwe kunye Huguenot ngokwenene yaba lokulwa. Kunye ukoyiswa kule amaKatolika imfazwe ubunzima. UCharles IX Kwanyanzeleka kwakhona ukuba bakuthembe.

Nangona kunjalo, lo mcimbi ngokwayo wafumana iimpendulo ezininzi HIV amaKatolika ehlabathini jikelele, kuquka i Pope. Kuphela emva kweminyaka 425, uPopu John Paul II wavuma ukuba Massacre of St. Bartholomew eFransi ibiyimpazamo leyo, wasingelwa phantsi kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba izenzo ezinjalo bathwalwa phandle, amaKatolika kuphela. Ngoko kwisixeko Nimes kwiminyaka emithandathu phambi kwezi ziganeko kuthethwa bazihlanganisa Huguenot into efanayo. Noko ke, St. yakwaBartholomew zingaphezu zonke iziganeko ezifanayo izihlandlo eziliqela esikalini.