Imfazwe yokuqala Yehlabathi: ngokufutshane malunga neyona nto

Ngo-1914, iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala yavela kwihlabathi kwaye, ngaphezu kwayo yonke, kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Ngokufutshane kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kunzima ukuyichaza ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuba iYurophu, okanye iphela le planethi yayingayazi ingxabano enjalo kwimbali yokuba khona kwayo. Le mfazwe yaveliswa kwizinto zokuqala ezahlukahlukeneyo zehlabathi: iitangi zokuqala, ukusetyenziswa kwamagesi eekhemikhali, ukulwa kwemida yokulwa kwemimandla, ukuxhatshazwa ngokubanzi kwemimandla ehlabathini jikelele, kwaye ekugqibeleni inani labantu abangazange bafumaneke kulo.

Imfazwe yokuqala Yehlabathi: ngokufutshane malunga neemfuno ezifunekayo

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane eYurophu kwakukho ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kwamazwe anentsingiselo. I-backbone yamazwe e-Entente ayenziwa ngamazwe awayephila kwiinguqulelo zoshishino ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngelo xesha wayehlala kwindawo ezuzisayo kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho, yamanxweme kunye nekoloniyali. Intetho, okokuqala, malunga neFransi neNgilandi. Ngokuchasene nophuhliso lwazo oluphezulu lufike eJamani, aluzange lugqibezele ukuguqulwa kwezentengiselwano, kodwa akazange abe nexesha letafile yecandelo lokwahlula. Kwakukho ukungafani phakathi kwamandla kunye nendima yangempela yaseJamani, apho, kwiminyaka emashumi edlulileyo, ekupheleni kwemfazwe, iimvakalelo ezinoburhaphu zase-German zazikhulayo. Amaqabane alo angokwemveli ayechasene neNgilani neFransi, kwaye, okwesibini, iRashiya. Ngokomzekelo, i-Austria-Hungary kunye neTurkey babenomdla kwiiBalkans, apho ngeli xesha lalisebenza Russia. Imfazwe yokuqala yehlabathi, ngokufutshane, kwaba ngumphumo wokungqubuzana okhulayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ingxabano yayingenakugwema kungekudala okanye kamva.

Imfazwe yokuqala Yehlabathi: ngokufutshane ngeli thuba

Isizathu esivakalayo sokuvulwa komlilo kwakukubulawa kwe-Austrian archduke ngama-separatists aseSerbia eSarajevo ngoJuni ka-1914. Ubukhosi bobukhosi bubeka phambili i-ultimatum enzima kakhulu eSerbia, apho urhulumente welizwe laseBalkan ngokuvisisana ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kweyona nxaxheba ekuthatheni inxaxheba kwabameli base-Austrian yophando lwangaphakathi lwaseSerbia kunye nokukhangela ababenzi-mthetho. Enyanisweni, ibhola likaHabsburg lifuna kuphela ithuba lokukhupha imfazwe, kwaye bayichaza ngoJulayi 28, ukuvelisa iziganeko ezigazi.

Imfazwe yokuqala yehlabathi: ikhosi (ngokufutshane) kwimisebenzi yempi

Ukulwa kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwezine kwaye kwaphela kuphela ngoNovemba 1918. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lemfazwe i-Triple Umanyano: amaJamani asele ngo-Agasti ayephantse e-Paris, kodwa ukungena kwimpikiswano yaseJapan kunye nezinye iindibano kwabangela ukunyongana kokulwa. Kancinci imfazwe yathatha umlingisi okhuselekileyo, apho kungekho nxalenye yeNtshona Front (amaFrentshi - amaJamani) angazuza. Owona mva kwafuneka alwe nantoni zonke kwiindawo ezimbini, ahlakaze imikhosi yawo empuma ekulwa nemikhosi yaseRomanovs. Imikhosi yoBukumkani baseHabsburg ngokukhawuleza yabonisa i-archaic kubo bobabini bobugcisa kunye nokuziphatha nokuziphatha. Ngo-Matshi 1918, amabutho ase-US afika kwi-Western Front ukunceda amaFrentshi, emva koko imikhosi yaseJamani yaqala ukukrazula kwimimandla yommelwane wayo. Ekuqaleni kukaOktobha, imeko yeHohenzollerns (ababusi baseJamani) yaba nzima kangangokuba uWilhelm II wanyanzelwa ukuba avume ukuba wahlulwa ngoNovemba 11, xa wahamba ngo-1918.

Imfazwe yokuqala yehlabathi: iziphumo (ngokufutshane)

Lo mbambano waba ngelo xesha likhulu kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Kwabandakanya amazwe angama-38 kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-74, malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zabulawa kwaye zakhubazeka nakakhulu. Kodwa umphumo oyintloko wemfazwe yinkqubo yeemvumelwano zaseVersailles, ezibeka amazwe atyhiweyo kwindawo ehlazo, ngokuyinhloko eJamani, kwaye yakhokelela kwimfazwe yehlabathi elandelayo. Ngenxa yezi zivumelwano ezifanayo, imibuso yokugqibela yabhujiswa, kwaye eYurophu ukunqoba kwamazwe kazwelonke kwagqitywa ekugqibeleni. Enye imbangela enkulu yokubulawa kwehlabathi kwakuyizinto ezithandwa kakhulu eJamani kunye ngakumbi eRashiya.