I indawo okuyo zaseCaucasus, intsimi, iimeko zendalo

I indawo okuyo zaseCaucasus kusekho ngumbandela imbambano phakathi izazinzulu. Ngapha koko, lo ngowona umda phakathi eYurophu Asia. Kodwa apho kanye ilele le ndawo? Xa sicingela ukuba eentaba wasezantsi, indawo ephakeme eYurophu Mount Elbrus. Kodwa ukuba umda uhamba nxamnye Main abaseAfrika Ridge, i Mont Blanc. Eli lizwe esezintabeni uboniswa kakhulu. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eCaucasus livelise kwemozulu yayo. Le ndawo zahluke mphandle kunye nendalo. Kweli nqaku ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha malunga ubuso ezininzi kwenkqubo entabeni neAsia.

Indawo kwimephu yehlabathi

Ingaba le ndawo kwi Eurasia phakathi kuLwandle Olumnyama Sea Azov entshona kunye noLwandle lweCaspian empumalanga. Ukuya emantla eCaucasus zinabela banzi East European Plain. Oku, ilizwe elikhulu neentaba imida yayo obahlukileyo yendalo. I indawo okuyo zaseCaucasus phakathi enolwandle ngeenxa zombini Atlantic Ocean kwaye ngobukhulu terminal chibi hlabathi kuLwandle lweCaspian ucacisa ukuba imida yasentshona kunye nempuma yeli inkqubo ezintabeni ibonakala ngokucacileyo. Kuthekani ngasentla ingakumbi ezantsi nto ilula kakhulu. Kuma-Manych ukudakumba ilele kwintsimi ukusuka kuLwandle lweCaspian ukuya Azov kunye Kerch Strait. Kucingwa kumda osemantla zaseCaucasus. Emzantsi yale nkqubo luhambe mpuluswa kwiinduli Turkey ne Iran. Umda zingahlukaniswa ukubambelela owayesakuba ndawo karhulumente yiSoviet kule ndawo. Ngoku ivela eGeorgia, Armenia kunye Azerbaijan. Umda wangasezantsi uhamba nxamnye mathafa mlilo Armenian, umlambo Araks Akufika Talysh etintshaveni.

Geotectonics emephini

I indawo okuyo zaseCaucasus uthetha lukhulu isibakala sokuba eli zokhahlamba yinxalenye ibhanti Alpine-zeHimalaya. Kusekho umsebenzi ziitectonic plates eqhubekayo, nangona kungekho mlilo. Ngokutsho ekwakhiweni eCaucasus geomorphological yahlulwe kummandla ezine orographic. Makhe sijonge nabo mngxilo.

Emantla kude kuyabonakala Ciscaucasian, leyo eqhubeka ngumcu ebanzi Azov ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ngokubhekele phaya ezantsi, iintaba ukunika indlela nakwiinduli eliphantsi. On the Big abaseAfrika Ridge iincopho inkqubo ibekwe eziphambili - Elbrus kunye Kazbek. Le ndawo enkulukazi kwakhona uneempawu zawo. South of le ukuxinezeleka Transcaucasian. Luquka ezi Kura-Araks esesihlanjeni, kunye Colchis. Kwakhona enye Highlands Transcaucasian. Ngoko, ke, yahlulwe ezimbini. Le uluhlu kwentaba Njengomncinane Caucasus kunye Javakheti-Armenian Highland.

Kwimephu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi

South of the Main Caucasus Range na likarhulumente elizimeleyo elinobunganga ka Georgia, Armenia kunye Azerbaijan. North zokhahlamba awayephantsi Russian Federation. Kukho kwakhona self-ezibhengeziweyo republic zaseCaucasus: South Ossetia, Abkhazia kunye Nagorno-Karabakh. ikamva labo, ngathi imo langoku kwezopolitiko, akuvakali kakhulu. I-Russian Federation ekummandla lwamaqumrhu eziliqela indawo. Ukuya emntla na aseStavropol kunye Krasnodar imimandla. Zibonakaliswa kwimimandla iiholide of Russia. In emantla-mpuma yi republic ezimeleyo abaseAfrika ekwalapha Russian Federation njengoko Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya, North Ossetia kunye Karachay-Cherkessia. nokwakheka kaZwelonke yabantu kula mazwe yeyona kakhulu ezimibalabala. Usebenzela sisihlandlo ezahlukeneyo ungquzulwano phakathi kohlanga. amabala Hot zaseCaucasus baba Chechnya, South Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh kusekho indawo zengxabano phakathi eArmenia ne Azerbaijan.

Imimandla zaseCaucasus ntaba uluhlu

Ubude olumbaxa kummango kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ngamnye kubo iimpawu zayo okuyo. Ngenxa yoko, nabanako ukwahlulelana ilizwe leentaba nje kuphela kwi ezisemantla, umbindi kunye nakumazantsi, kodwa ke eMpuma Koloni Caucasus. Ukuba sicinga kummango engundoqo, ngoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba ikheswa inxalenye eqala kwi Absheron Peninsula kwaye ayanyuka abe Kazbek. Le East Caucasus. Ummandla ngundoqo uluhlu sele zixinaniswe ngamandla, Balani Range (eziphambili) kwaye osisi zahlule kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye emazantsi eli lizwe. A Western Caucasus uqala kwi Taman Peninsula ngcembe lisingisa Elbrus (5642 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle). Xa inxalenye encinane esembindini, phakathi iincopho ezimbini liphezulu kuluhlu yentaba, ingqalelo onke amanye amawaka amahlanu eemitha: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-Tau, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. Nganye kwezi zingasentla Mont Blanc kwi Alps (4807 m).

Caucasus walenza

South of the Main (hlula) Range asuka luthabathele elwandle luse elwandle, kukho isiqabu ukudakumba enkulu. Apha abelwe imimandla eCaucasus, njengoko zimanzi Colchis esemazantsi entshona kunye Alazan owomileyo plain Kura-Araz ngasempumalanga. Kodwa emazantsi deflections kwakhona onokunyuka aye entabeni. Likhi Range submeridional kuphela inxibelelanisa i-Greater Caucasus kunye Small. Igama yokugqibela kufuneka ingabi sazilahlekisa nabani. Kakade ke, encotsheni Njengomncinane Caucasus ophantsi Kazbek kunye Elbrus. Kodwa nanku Ararati (5165 m). Yeyona ndawo iphezulu Asia Minor. Kukho kulo mmandla eninzi zincopho ngaphezu Alpine Mont Blanc. Sincinane Caucasus basonte 600 ngekhilomitha-arc. A lot nasentshonalanga alo ubude neekhilomitha 2-3. Bona ezahlulwe nezitya enzulu intermountain. Ukuya ngasezantsi kwiintaba Wasolula elikhulu Javakheti-Armenian Highland. It iqulathe nasentshonalanga mlilo agudle zisikwe anamandla kakhulu. Ingongoma eliphezulu kulo mmandla - Aragats (4090 m).

inkqubo entabeni emzantsi apho iphela

I indawo okuyo zaseCaucasus yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba kunzima ukumisela umda. In nakummango-kumzantsi mpuma ngokuthe ngcembe lihamba kwi Talysh kwiiNtaba, ephelisa Lenkoran esemazantsi kufutshane noLwandle lweCaspian (28 m ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle). Emzantsi nomzantsi-ntshona Njengomncinane Caucasus udlula kwi Alborz entabeni kuluhlu. Lo mxokelelwane kumantla Iran yinxalenye zeentaba Pontic eAsia Minor. Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi kumda osemazantsi esi zokhahlamba nasesithabazini Länkäran kunye neentaba Talish Alborz entabeni kuluhlu.

abantu abaseAfrika

Lo mmandla uya kumiwa ngamaqela eentlanga malunga amahlanu. Yaye ngamnye kubo udale inkcubeko yalo ekhethekileyo. Ingakumbi owahlukeneyo kumafa yobuhlanga i North Caucasus (Russia). Lo mmandla uya kumiwa Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, Avars. Kukho Kwakhona kukho abantu abathetha iziyelelane ze zeAltai iilwimi. It Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian Turks. Transcaucasia into ihlalwa Georgians, Armenia, Azerbaijani. Kodwa nokwakheka yobuhlanga ezi ziiriphabliki owahlukeneyo kakhulu. Phakathi abameli yeentlanga titular kula mazwe kukho Abkhazians, kwiiOssetian, Tats, Talysh, amaYuda Mountain, Yezidis, Kurds, Asiriya. Yaye ekugqibeleni bafika abantu abaye bahlala kwimbali elide kule edge ntaba. Oku Russian, Ukraine, amaGrike, amaYuda, nangezinto nabanye. Iinkolo eziphambili zezi Islam (njengoko US kunye US) kunye Orthodox.

isimo uzamazama

indawo ICaucasus- ilele ngokupheleleyo ibhanti Alpine-zeHimalaya. Le ndawo yeselula kakhulu. Ngoko ke, iinyikima rhoqo Caucasus. Ukwanda ziintshukumo zenyikima kummandla kukhokelela kukuba iintaba ngenxa ukuhlangabezana ziitectonic plates akhule ukuya kwisiqingatha isentimitha ngonyaka. Ngelo xesha linye esemazantsi kuwa nangakumbi. Le nkqubo ayikho ngokukhawuleza - ukusuka milimitha ezimbini ukuya ezintandathu ngonyaka ngamnye. Komhlaba kakhulu rhoqo eCaucasus, kanye ngakumbi kumntla-ntshona kwiinduli Armenian. Le yokugqibela isithwakumbe yendalo, nto leyo owabulala amawaka abantu, kwenzeka ngo-1988. Mountain Caucasus ngenxa umsebenzi yalo phezulu seismic ixhomekeke zekhephu rhoqo, umkhenkce mudflows. iinyikima ezincinane zibangela rockfalls kunye landslides. neetyuwa Soft wahlamba imilambo kunye nezinye iinkqubo ukhukhuliseko. Ngoko ke bakha nemiqolomba. Ezininzi ingakumbi kumntla-Greater neAsia. Kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula inkqubo mqolomba Vorontsov, New iAthos, Snow Umsantsa (ubunzulu wayo - 1370 m), Ichibi-Naki ithafa.

Imozulu zaseCaucasus

Eli lizwe esezintabeni ilele phezu imida imimandla yendalo nefumileyo yaye baba ziingcathu. Ungase bathi: ezimkayo eludongeni olude, nto leyo eCaucasus ngokwalo factor lwemozulu-bokwakha. Iincopho-anesihlanu amawaka leemitha ngokukhuselekileyo harbor kumathambeka esemazantsi imimoya ebandayo. Ngelo xesha eentaba emantla abaseAfrika uba onke amaqondo aphantsi shot. Ingakumbi bawabulala umahluko kwiimpawu zemozulu kuvandlakanywa ebusika. Xa isahlulo Russian kweli lizwe weentaba ezi akukhona onzima republic Caucasus uyalawula imozulu ecacileyo, eyomileyo kufudumele. Kakade ke, ezintabeni omkhulu waphawula ummandla omkhulu-ukuphakama. Kwi ikhephu iincopho unyaka wonke. Ngezantsi ulele zone kunye ubulembu indawo zasezintabeni engcotyeni, coniferous kunye emahlathini avuthulukayo. Kwaye ezihlanjeni kuthe kwalunga iliso uhlaza evergreen esihle.

Caucasus imilambo

kummandla Water imithambo intaba uphawu lwe ukuhamba, ngoko ke badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo eneji. Kufuneka wathi amathambeka yomntla eCaucasus tyaba, laphela, lo gama ngasezantsi - amqengqelezi elide. ukusebenza yoncedo phezu komlambo. Kwinxalenye osemantla zwe leentaba, zibe yintonga flat. Ngokomzekelo, Don. Kuban - umlambo inkulu North neAsia. Kodwa kukho kulo mmandla lizwe weentaba imisinga fast and lesiphithiphithi. Lo ngumsebenzi wamaziko Kura kunye Terek. Caucasus imilambo kuba nezitya kweelwandle ezintathu, nto leyo nimrhawule ezintabeni. Terek, Aras, Kura, Kuma kunye Sulak ngumsinga ukuya kuLwandle lweCaspian. Kwakucingwa ukuba kuLwandle Black misele isitya ezifana Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov sikhule Don, Kuban. Eli chibi likhulu le ndawo Sevan.

Nature Caucasus

eneentaba iintlobo Akumangalisi-mhlaba. Kukho ingabi asabutropikhi esesihlanjeni, amahlathi ashinyeneyo nemisipres, imithi boxwood, nemiqolomba zasezintabeni. Ubude enkulu ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu yeemitha esilawulwa ulele kunye ubulembu. Permafrost iqala ngentsimbi 3,500 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Eentaba wasentla zaseCaucasus elipholileyo. zonation nkqo ngale kumathambeka luphawulwa kukho utshintsho esikhawulezileyo lwemimandla. snow umda kwi North Caucasus kukho ngaphantsi emzantsi - kwi-2800 ubude ukusuka elwandle. Intaba izilwanyana zale ngingqi kufuneka bakhuselwe. Lynx kwaye nengwe abaseAfrika ophezu yayisecicini yokutshabalala. A iintlobo lweenkobe bison, amaxhama kunye izingwe shwaka ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zifumaneka kwemiwonyo entabeni weebhere, yasendle, ichamois zeegusha zasendle. Njengoko le nezihluma, neCaucasus yaziwa indawo awazalelwa kuyo umboniso wesiqhelo elikhulu. Ngowe-1890, yena wasiwa eYurophu isityalo zokuhomba. Ukususela ngoko kucingwa neophyte kakhulu yingozi enobundlobongela.

amathuba olonwabo Caucasus

Lo mmandla ibekwe phakathi kolwandle ezintathu esemazantsi. yasekwa Kukho sezulu onomoya, utshintsho ukusuka epholileyo ukuya sehlathi. iintaba eziphakamileyo ukudala ezahlukeneyo enkulu-mhlaba. imilambo Fast oqhubekayo Ungathanda uyakumema ukuba ukuqabela. Konke oku kwenza eCaucasus ibe kummandla wokuzonwabisa. Kodwa apha unako kuphela angakhululeki kodwa ukuba abaphilise. Oku kunegalelo isixa esikhulu samanzi izimbiwa leyo akhiwa emaweni. Ihlabathi liphela uyazi ukuba brand "Borjomi", leyo ithumela eGeorgia. Kodwa akukho yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zokuzonwabisa kunye North neAsia. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - zonke ezo dolophu iiholide ibekwe kwingingqi aseStavropol. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) sidume Narzanov Tambukan nechibi udaka kuliyeza.