Imikhosi Formula. Amandla - olungumgubo (Physics)

Igama elithi "amandla" yonk kangangokuba wamnika ingqiqo ecacileyo - umsebenzi phantse engenakwenzeka. Ezahlukahlukeneyo amandla umsipha amandla engqondweni ayiquki yonke lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba lilungiswe izimvo zakhe. Ukomelela, ingqalelo njenge inani komzimba unentsingiselo ichazwe ngokucacileyo and definition. Ifomula uchaza umfuziselo yemathematika amandla: amandla xa kuthelekiswa enkulu iparameters.

Imbali Amandla zophando ziquka inkcazelo kuxhomekeka parameters kunye nobungqina yolwazi yokuxhomekeka.

Amandla Physics

Amandla - umlinganiselo intsebenziswano lwemizimba. imizimba isenzo Reciprocal kwi ngalinye enye ichaza ngokupheleleyo iinkqubo ezinxulumene notshintsho ngesantya okanye deformation zamaqumrhu.

Njengoko inani nokungqubana iyunithi amandla (kwinkqubo SI - Newton) kunye nesixhobo kumlinganiselo layo - dynamometer. Dynamometer siseko ukusebenza isekelwe Uthelekiso mandla sokubambela emzimbeni kunye nomkhosi kwilastiki le dynamometer emthonjeni.

Kuba amandla ka-1 newton amandla lwamkelwe, phantsi kwempembelelo ubunzima umzimba 1 kg itshintsha ngesantya-1 m ngenxa 1 yesibini.

Mandla njenge ubuninzi yomzobo echazwe ngu:

• kwicala isenzo;
• kwinqanaba kwesicelo;
• mnqongo wokulinganisela, i ixabiso elililo.

Ichaza intsebenziswano ngokuyimfuneko sibonise ezi parameters.

Iintlobo yolwalamano zendalo: omxhuzulane, umoya, womelele, buthathaka. Omxhuzulane amandla (amandla womhlaba nazo zonke iintlobo - amandla womxhuzulane) zikhona ngenxa yempembelelo amasimi omxhuzulane ezingqonge kwenqwaba ukuba umzimba. Intsimi Ukufunda gravitation awukagqitywa okwangoku. Fumana umthombo endle ayikho kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Inani elikhulu imikhosi evukayo intsebenziswano magnetic ezi athom enza iziyobisi.

amandla xi

Xa zakudibana umzimba Umhlaba ukuba usebenzisa uxinzelelo phezu komhlaba. Ibutho xinzelelo, xa ifomyula yefomu: P = mg, echazwa ubunzima bomzimba (m). Ukukhawulezisa womxhuzulane (g) uye amaxabiso awahlukeneyo ezinezinga ezahlukeneyo Umhlaba.

Amandla yengcinezelo nkqo ilingana kwi umthamo malunga kwicala amandla elastic evela kwinkxaso. imikhosi Formula oko kuyahlukana kunye nentshukumo yomzimba.

Utshintsho ku ubunzima bomzimba

isenzo umzimba kwi inkxaso ngenxa intsebenziswano kunye Umhlaba rhoqo ekubhekiselelwe njengoko ubunzima umzimba. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ixabiso ubunzima bomzimba ixhomekeke yokunyusa sindululo kwicala nkqo. Kwimeko apho kwicala malunga yokunyusa ezamahala ukuwa ukukhawulezisa, inzuzo ubunzima kwenzeka. Ukuba yokunyusa umzimba ingqamana indlela womxhuzulane, ubunzima bomzimba lifinyele. Ngokomzekelo, ngoxa ilifti, ekuqaleni kunokumnceda umntu avakalelwa inzuzo ezibunzima bumakhulu kwexesha elithile. Kungaphikiswa ukuba ubunzima bayo iyatshintsha, akukho mfuneko. Ngelo xesha esabelana ingcamango "ubunzima bomzimba" yaye "ubunzima".

amandla selastiki

Xa utshintsho shape emzimbeni (deformation) kukho amandla ithande ukuba abuyele umzimba emile yayo yoqobo. Le mandla wanikwa igama "amandla akhe". Oku kuvela ngenxa intsebenziswano zombane ze amasuntswana ezibumba umzimba.

Cinga uhlobo ilula: njengotsaleko ucinezelo. Ukolula sikhatshwa yi ukwanda imilinganiso linear kwemizimba, ucinezelo - batsho. Ubungakanani eziphawula iinkqubo ekuthiwa zobude umzimba. Libhekisela "x" yayo. Formula amandla elastic buhlobene ngqo zobude. Nganye deformation usisisulu umzimba inayo parameters zayo zejometri emzimbeni. Ukuxhomekeka yenkcaso deformation kwilastiki lomzimba iimpawu material yenziwa apho umiselwa lomlingani elastic kuthiwa ukuqina kwayo (k).

imodeli Mathematical wokuhlangana elastic kuchazwe umthetho Hooke kaThixo.

Force eyenziwe deformation komzimba, sibhekiswe icala ukubana le nxalenye ngamnye umzimba umlinganiselo ngqo zobude yayo:

• F _y = -kx (kwinguqulo notation).

Umqondiso "-" ibonisa icala of deformation kunye namandla.

Xa uhlobo scalar, lo uphawu lokukhabayo angekhoyo. Umkhosi luvela, indlela esiye ifomu F _y = TE ilandelayo, lisetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha deformation ilastiki.

Ukusebenzisana lo mhlaba otsalayo yamanje

Isiphumo mhlaba otsalayo kwi yangoku ngqo ichazwa yi ngumthetho Ampere. Le force apho izenzo Imagnethi yomhlaba kwi umqhubi yangoku-Ukuthwala ibekwe kuyo, ngokuba amandla Ampere.

Intsebenziswano kwamabala otsalayo kunye ezihamba kagesi ebangela njengokubonisa amandla. ifomula Ampere ukuba yeyiphi na ifomu F = IBlsinα, kuxhomekeke entsimini induction magnethi (B), inxalenye ubude esebenzayo ye umqhubi (l), ngoku (I) kwi umqhubi kunye engile ephakathi kwicala yangoku kunye induction ngemagnethi.

Ngenxa ukuxhomekeka yakutshanje Kungaphikiswa ukuba izenzo esiyua Imagnethi ingatshintsha xa kokutshintsha umqhubi okanye utshintsho ngoku ulwalathiso. ulawulo sesandla sasekhohlo ikuvumela ukuba ukucwangcisa indlela amanyathelo. Ukuba ingalo washiya ibekwe ukuze yoqheliso kumda wesangqa magnethi iqukwe entendeni, iminwe ezine ngqo ngoku ngumqhubi, ngoko baphikele 90 ^° nakusithupha iya kubonisa indlela lo mhlaba otsalayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale nefuthe uluntu ndiyifumene, umzekelo, xa Iimoto zombane. Njengokujikeleza plane ebangelwe lo mhlaba otsalayo wadalwa electromagnet enamandla. amandla ifomula lunika ithuba ukutshintsha kwamandla injini. Ngenxa yokwanda kul okanye ubukhulu yasendle torque ukunyuka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ukwanda ngamandla injini.

I trajectories yamasuntswana

Intsebenziswano kwamabala otsalayo nentlawulo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi ngobuninzi spectrographs kuphononongo kwamasuntswana nezakhiwo.

Action kule entsimini ubangela amandla, ngokuba amandla Lorentz. Xa lesitofu lo mhlaba otsalayo ihamba kunye Velocity elithile kwisuntswana kuhlawuliswa amandla Lorentz, indlela esiye ifomu F = vBqsinα, ebangela intshukumo amasuntswana ecaleni achazwe apha.

Kule ndlela v zezibalo - imodyuli yamasuntswana uqina, intlawulo zombane leyo - q, - ifildi induction zibuthe, α - engile phakathi uqina kunye induction ngemagnethi.

A yamasuntswana ihamba kwisangqa (okanye pewa isangqa), ukususela amandla kunye nesantya zibhekiswa kwi-engile ^° 90 omnye komnye. Ukutshintsha ulwalathiso uqina yomgama ebangela lunikezelo.

ulawulo sesandla sasekhohlo, kuxoxwe ngasentla, kwenzeka isifundo amandla Lorentz, ukuba ingalo ngasekhohlo ibekwe ukuze yoqheliso kumda wesangqa magnethi iqukwe entendeni, iminwe emine esukela umgca ziye zithunyelwe nesantya a yamasuntswana kakuhle ityala, ngoko baphikele yi ^° 90 nasesithupheni kubonisa indlela amandla.

iingxaki plasma

Ukusebenzisana lo mhlaba otsalayo kunye izinto ezisetyenziswa cyclotrons. Iingxaki ezinxulumene ne isifundo kwilebhu plasma musa ukuvumela ukuba ugcine yakhe kwimikhumbi ezivaliweyo. Kakhulu igesi insimbi lunokubakho kuphela xa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ukugcina i-plasma kwindawo kwindawo enye kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa owahluke ngokwemvelo, irhasi kukujikeleza ukuba ibe ngomsesane. Ezilawulwayo Ukusabela yenyukliya izifundo ezingafundwa njenge-lobushushu eliphezulu plasma kukujikeleza nomtya ngokusebenzisa namasimi ngemagnethi.

Umzekelo lo mhlaba otsalayo in vivo nerhasi insimbi - Aurora. Le mbono mkhulu liyasetyenziswa kwi Arctic Circle kwintaba ephakame 100 km ngasentla kumphezulu womhlaba. Mysterious ezimibalabala amnandi irhasi ungachazwa kuphela kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. intsimi yomhlaba ngemagnethi kufutshane izibonda akakwazi ukuthintela kwii-umoya elanga emoyeni. Yemisebe kakhulu asebenzayo ngqo ecaleni imigca yoqheliso magnetic, ibangela ionization yeegesi.

Izenzakalo ezinxulumene ukubiza isindululo

Ngokwembali, ubuninzi engundoqo eziphawula ukuhamba ngoku ngumqhubi, ebizwa yangoku. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le ngcamango nto yakwenza nomkhosi akukho physics. Kul, formula eliquka isigxina elibaleka nganye kwexesha unit nge kwicandelo umnqamlezo umqhubi, abe ifomu:

• I = q / t, apho t - ixesha flow kwentlawulo q.

Enyanisweni, amandla yangoku - isixa kwentlawulo. Iyunithi yokulinganisa oko Ampere (A), ngokungafaniyo N.

Guquka amandla yomsebenzi

A mandla kwi zokufunda kunye nokwenziwa komsebenzi. force Work - ubungakanani zomzimba oko ngamanani lilingane imveliso amaxesha amandla umgama ohanjiweyo phantsi kwempembelelo wayo, kwaye i cosine ye-engile ephakathi imiyalelo inguwo ukufuduka.

Wabonisa amandla ukusebenza, ifomula na le fom A = FScosα, ibandakanya eyona mali amandla.

Isenzo umzimba sikhatshwa utshintsho Velocity yequmrhu okanye deformation, ebonisa ukuba utshintsho ngaxeshanye amandla. Ibutho msebenzi ixhomekeke ngqo kubungakanani.