Usuku Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Akhtyrskaya sidumisa: inkcazelo, photo

Phakathi ezahlukahlukeneyo imifanekiso Onyulu oyiNgcwele, ngoko ziyanqulwa ehlabathini lonke Orthodox, kukho elinye lithwala a ubuntu kakhulu. It Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Kubonakala uMariya kunye iingalo isongwe, ngokungathi uxakeke umthandazo buhlungu phambi unyana wakhe, uYesu Kristu, ogama inani kumbethelela emnqamlezweni, zibekwe phezu ngasekhohlo kwayo. Lo mfanekiso ukhunjulwa ngabantu abaninzi abaye bafumana ngalo ukuphilisa ngokungummangaliso izifo zabo.

Ukufumana indlela emangalisayo

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sithethe kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba bonke abakholwayo kuye uNyana kaThixo kunye wakhe uMama eYona Ngcwele, kufuneka ukucacisa ibali isinqumo sakhe, nto leyo eyenzeka ngoJulayi 1739. Kwathi kwidolophu encinane eWisconsin, kufuphi eKharkov. Namhlanje le ntsimi bobabo ukuya kummandla Sumy. Kuloo minyaka, ekupheleni wolawulo uAnny Ioannovny, wayehlala kwidolophu boYise, umbingeleli ezifanelekileyo Basil (Danilov). Wakhonza kwiCawa basekuhlaleni nangezibongozo.

Legend yokuba yena kanye wathenga scythe entsha, kwaye efuna ukuzama kuyo, wangena esikhundleni sakhe. Kwaba ngoJulayi, kunye nengca ema nde. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uBawo Basil ujingi njengoko ndabanekelwa ngeenxa zonke lukhanyiselo blinding uvela iintshinyela oxineneyo sedge. Ukugubungela amehlo akhe, umbingeleli wahlebela waza wabona icon ezintle, elubengezelo yayo kwelanga imitha yelanga. Umfundisi uhlonipha wawa ngamadolo wathandaza, Bathiwe wambu ngokwentshukumisa zonqulo enzulu.

Yaba Akhtyrskaya icon ye nguMama kaThixo, ifoto leyo inikwa ekuqaleni kweli nqaku. A beze kuye yaye ezolile, umbingeleli wawuphakamisa komhlaba ngendlela emangalisayo kunye ukoyika kakhulu, zakusa kungena endlwini, wamnika indawo ekhethekileyo imbeko phakathi kwezinye ii icon. Esazi ukuba iphumelele loo ndawo yonqulo kakhulu, Bawo Basil ekuqaleni ifihliweyo prying nifumana wakhe wathandaza phambi kwayo kuphela.

Lo mkhuba nguMama kaThixo

Ngoko eqhubekile, kodwa xa yayingumbono. Ubezukile yena ukubona kanye ukumkanikazi wezulu, owayalela ukuba ukucima i icon kwi eluthulini ubahlambe ngamanzi emlanjeni ococekileyo. Ukuvuka ebuthongweni, into yokuqala ubawo lwam luzalisekile yonke Yethu Lady ethanda. Phambi kokuba wayesoyika ukuba bachukumise umphambili umfanekiselo saint, nikholwa kuye ukuwathetha awona Luzuko olo. Ngoku ngenkuthalo enkulu wasusa yonke uthuli ezingasetyenziswanga phezu kwayo, wayihlamba loo nto, yaye, ucinga oku onyeliso afefe amanzi phezu komhlaba, ndagqiba kwelokuba sizidibanise isitya enye emva emlanjeni.

Kodwa akukho ekuncothukeni umbingeleli endlwini njengoko Kwabuya kwabakho ilizwi imangalisayo kaThixo, ubawo wayevile ephupheni kwaye ukhumbule yobomi. Queen wezulu, eli xesha wayalela ukuba ukugcina amanzi njengoko yoxukuxwa ubuso bakhe kakhulu ecocekileyo, nizele ubabalo umkhosi ekwaziyo ephilisa izifo. Ungabinayo yokuthandabuza lenyaniso amazwi Lady wethu, umbingeleli kwangelo lixa amanzi amanzi ngokungummangaliso intombi yakhe uphethwe yifiva, kwaye ummangaliso ubotshiwe kwenzeka - intombazana nangoko wachacha.

A mmangaliso wabonisa iconographer John

Kakade ke, sonke kwenzeka uBawo Basil bazalisa nentlonelo ngakumbi kubo efumaneka ingcwele. Kodwa ukuba lide kangakanani na, Kakade ke, ababa na ukufumana imfihlelo, sazi ngaloo nto kuqala, nendlu yakhe, ngoko abamelwane, yaye ke yonke loo dolophu. umbingeleli yokunyamekela umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso, wamema ngumzobi icon yi igama uYohane komnye ibrashi ngokugqibeleleyo wayilungisa umaleko elihle, ukusisusa wabonakala ngexesha bomonakalo.

Le artist, ngubani wayeyibona le ngamandla ngokungummangaliso i icon, phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi wahlamba ngamanzi, yawunyakamisa unyana wakhe, othe wakhathazwa ifiva. Akubuzwa ukuba sifo kwi mzuzu lo mfana wemka, waza ke uyise owonwabileyo badumisa inceba Virgin oyiNgcwele, leyo abonisana Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama! Ukulungele ukuqala umsebenzi, uYohane sele yathatha ngebrashi, xa ngequbuliso kwabakho ilizwi Queen waseZulwini. Ngaphambi kokuva inkosi weva amazwi akhe: "Shiya izicwangciso zethu. Hayi okusemandleni akho ukuze utshintshe i icon. Kukuzisa ndawo. "

Ewela ngamadolo akhe, izanyazanyiswa beva, igcisa wachitha ngomthandazo ubusuku bonke, kusasa bamthwala uyise Basil indlu. Umfundisi uhlonipha akuyifumana ngokwam akusekho ilungelo lokusebenzisa buqu isipho ungowokubongwa Virgin, sele kudlule iminyaka emithathu ke kususela kwimini yafunyanwa icon. Wabeka ke oyiNgcwele Virgin Protection Church, apho wakhonza njengombingeleli iminyaka emininzi. Ukususela ngoko ke abantu eWisconsin, kwanokunikela imithandazo yabo ngokungummangaliso, wokuphiliswa ifunyenwe, eyayibhalwe ngokuchanileyo kwincwadi ekhethekileyo. Kungekudala Akhtyrskaya ukubulela nguMama kaThixo yaba impahla lonke eli lizwe kwaye mngcelele izihlwele ezikhulu zabanquli.

Ukuqikelela i Baroness von Veydel

A isiganeko ebalulekileyo wenze icon odumileyo kwiNkundla Imperial, kwenzeka ngo-1748. Omnye eyiyona walawula ngexesha uKumkanikazi Elizabeth - Baroness von Veydel - batyelela eWisconsin, apho waba sisityebi ilifa. Iminyaka ihambile, wahlupheka kungokuswela ezininzi eziziimpawu yobudala bakhe. Ukufunda malunga neempawu emangalisayo Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, State lady Ndathandaza phambi kwakhe, simcele ukuba adlulisele imithandazo phambi koNyana ithenda.

Ebusuku elandelayo wabona umbono ungowokubongwa Virgin, lwabonisa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe phezu, yaye emva kwexesha elifutshane analo ukungena Gates Engunaphakade. Ukuze ufumane ulonwabo ebukumkanini bukaThixo, uya ngoko nangoko nokwaba zonke izinto zam kumahlwempu. Malunga ezimbini iintombi, abo bathembele kuye, iNtombi wathembisa ukuba ukubonisa inkathalelo eyodwa.

Ngentsasa elandelayo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ixesha elibalulekileyo, Baroness waqalisa kubulawa kumthetho ungowokubongwa Virgin. kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva koko, wafudukela kwilizwe uYehova, ukuba ukunika konke anakho ebomini bakhe. Emva komngcwabo, uKumkanikazi wathabatha amantombazana amabini abaziinkedama kwikomkhulu yaye kungekudala ukufumana abakhwenyana abo - abantu abazizityebi kakhulu endilisekileyo. Emva kwezi ziganeko Akhtyrskaya sidumisa uphakathi edume eRashiya, yaye ngo-1751 i-Sinodi oyiNgcwele wagqiba ukuyifunda yayimangalisa.

Ukwakhiwa ibandla yamatye e Akhtyrka

Malunga nelo xesha, uluhlu lwe icon ivele ibandla St Nicholas simanga esiphezu Arbat yaye ngowe-1931 yatshatyalaliswa. Kucacile ukuba oku kuphela Akhtyrskaya sidumisa eMoscow. Kwenye indlu, ngaphandle isihloko, endandizinqula lo mfanekiso Muscovites - kunzima ukutsho.

UKumkanikazi Elizaveta Petrovna wayehluke Ngokuzinikela okukhulu, kwaye ngo-1768 wanikela isixa esikhulu semali ukwakhiwa yelitye Akhtyrka Pokrovsky Cathedral imbuyekezo eyayikho kuloo minyaka, ngamaplanga. nguzwilakhe Russian wayenqwenela ukuba sakhiwa kanye ndawo apho phantse amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo, ukuba afezekiswa ngokungummangaliso kwi Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo.

Elizabeth umthetho kwenziwa, kunye nomsebenzi kwiprojekthi kwetempile wayalela wezakhiwo abadumileyo D. Ukhtomsky, immortalized igama lakhe obukhulu ezininzi bokwakha yaseRashiya. Kulo mfanekiso etempileni entsha sakhiwe wahlala de 1903. Kukho kwakhona rhoqo ibamba iinkonzo Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo.

Nemithathu Icon nokuthumela ngayo kwamanye amazwe

kwizibetho zayo okwalandela kuthi zilahleka, oko Silusizi. Ngo-1903 i icon wemka ukuze kubuyiselwe kwikomkhulu osemantla, apho kungekudala yanyamalala, azafunyanelwa ndawo. Kunzima ukucinga kulo mzekelo, ngolwalathiso kaThixo, mhlawumbi, ukuba ngumbuzo yobusela banal. Emva kwexesha elifutshane i icon ivele Harbin, apho kubekwa kwintengiso ethenga ezithile kuMnu S. A. Stepanovym. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba archpriest lasekuhlaleni UNikolai Trufanov, ezincina umfanekiso ngenyameko, wangqina ukuba amazwi wokwenene oyiNgcwele Protection Church in Akhtyrka.

Phambi ko 1950, i icon kuyo eTshayina, yaye ngoko ke, unyana ka umnini wangaphambili bazisa lokuqala eMzantsi Merika, yaye kamva - e San Francisco, apho wanikela Orthodox mbutho ulutsha. Kwaye namhlanje umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso lisekhona phesheya. ESoviet Union iminyaka emininzi akukho nto yayisaziwa malunga bayahlelwa ii icon, kwaye kuphela 1975 wabonakala ulwazi lokuqala. Kodwa ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, akuzange kube lula ukuthatha nawaphi na amanyathelo aluncedo ukuze afumane ubuncinane uluhlu esebenzayo kulo.

Kuphela kokufika utshintsho lolawulo lwentando IKharkiv Metropolitan Unikodimo nako ukuzisa ikopi kudala-dala elindiwe kwaye unike mayifakwe Pokrovsky Cathedral e Akhtyrka, apho yayakhiwe wokuqala. Esi siganeko yabalasela umngcelele amisiweyo, esenzeka phambi izihlwele. Ngaloo ngokwesithethe ubuya, eyaqala Kudala-1844. A Juni 15, 1999 sibhiyozele iminyaka 260th isipho yomfanekiso ngokungummangaliso. Xa wenkonzo yendlu wempi tropar Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo, nesikhungo sam kuye ungowokubongwa Virgin.

Art features icons

Kuyimfuneko ukuba bathi amagama ambalwa malunga iconography lo mfanekiso. Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba isekelwe phezu imisebenzi zobugcisa Italian-Greek. Njengoko umthetho, nomfuziselo intombi le iya uvezwa izandla bawela ekuthandazeni, kodwa kukho abanye ukuba ahlukumeze, apho isikhundla isandla litshintsha. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo le isigqubuthelo ye ungowokubongwa Virgin. Ngamanye amaxesha achazwe ekwimo yokwaleka, ngamanye amaxesha isithsaba, yaye ezinye icons nabangekhoyo esikolweni. Uphawu ukwazi kukusetyenziswa injalo ngqo ekwakhiweni, kunokuba umva, oko luphawu ngakumbi kwizikolo Italian nangesiRoma. Oku kubonakala kwinto yokuba uMsindisi bana eziphantsi kakhulu umama wayo ukuthi kubanga inkohliso of kwizikolo ezikude.

Ngowe-1945, kwakukho ekuthiwa njalo-umfanekiso Ravensbryuksky, leyo yayisekelwe Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Inkcazelo icon zimbini ziyafana kakhulu, ngaphandle ukuba emnqamlezweni uKristu yokuqala inikwa ngendlela usana okanye umntwana. Ibali umdla kwaye ukudala umfanekiso. Kuba okokuqala kwenziwe, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ngo-1945, xa ubuchule oyimfakamfele womluki. Igama lakhe livela kwi kwinkampu yoxinaniso yaseRavensbrück, apho omnye amabanjwa obhinqileyo lwenziwa - Martyr Mother Mary.

Neetempile, nto leyo ibonisa uluhlu lwe icon

iipropati anikwe athandwa umfanekiso ephilisa, nto leyo eye ngokupheleleyo Ahtyrsky sidumisa. E Moscow, lo mda engundoqo endlwini yoVuko kwi Arbat, igcinwe uluhlu njengento ebaluleke gqitha, wenza kwinkulungwane XVIII kunye kanye icon ukuba eMelika namhlanje. Kwakhona e Samara, enye yeetempile Lonely Nicholas Monastery, umntu uyakwazi ukubona ikopi umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso, azukiswe imimangaliso emininzi, lo mkhuba imithandazo abahambi. Usuku Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama isigqibo sokubhiyozela 2 (15) kaJulayi, xa ihlabathi Orthodox lonke ibhiyozela imeko ingubo ngokufanelekileyo kwe-sidumisa e Blachernae.

Temple e Orel

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emva amanqugwala ayeze ukususela kwakhiwa kumaxesha amandulo yayimisele amabandla. Phakathi namhlanje ekhoyo yeyona uvethe Orel. Yakhiwa 1775 phezu neminikelo merchant wengingqi K. S. Pastuhova. Inyaniso kukuba ngenye imini le ndoda olungenanceba, owayenesifo ezinye izifo ngelixa imicimbi yabo orhwebo eWisconsin, nokuphiliswa yi icon ngokungummangaliso.

Sibuya ekhaya, yena wajika kwabasemagunyeni Diocesan ukuvumela kuye umbulelo ukwakha itempile imbeko izinto ezingcwele, yena unetyala impilo yakhe. Sigqibo Kwafunyanwa yaye kungekudala indlu Akhtyrskaya Our Lady of (Eagle) wafumana ibandla lokuqala. Ekubeni uzuko icons likhule ngokukhawuleza, balundwendwe emhla ngakumbi nangakumbi beze kunqula kuyo. Space akwanelanga, kwaye itempile ngokutsha ize yandiswe amaxesha amaninzi kule minyaka ilandelayo. Ngoku sakhiwo, unelungelo waba ngomnye ezinika esi sixeko.

Le isigodlo, eyasungulwa wokuwonga elaa icon engcwele

Ngaphandle kwabo sele sitshilo, siye ezakhiwe, ndayingcwalisa iitempile ezininzi ngakumbi imbeko i icon ayeze enjalo yesizwe. Umzekelo, umakazi wam othandekayo, edume imbongi Russian F. I. Tyutcheva yakhiwa ngo-1805 phezu indlela ibandla kwilali kummandla Chernetove Bryansk. Kwingingqi Volgograd, kwilali kummandla Gusevka Olkhovskoye yi Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo Convent. Le isigodlo yasekwa ngo-1874, imisebenzi umfundisi wasekuhlaleni, Bawo John (bobuLevi) kunye iAthos Ilolo uNikodemo (Dvoychenkova). Ukuba yasinda kuphazamiseka ezininzi kwinkulungwane XX, woonongendi kunye namhlanje luvulelekile kwabo banqwenela ukuba anikele ubomi bakhe ukusindisa imiphefumlo.

Yintoni kunceda kumfanekiso ngokungummangaliso noko yamkelwe ukubuza ungowokubongwa Virgin uMariya? amandla akhe onobabalo wabonisa ephilisa fever, kodwa kamva kwakukho eninzi kobungqina ukuba kuyanceda ezahlukeneyo iimeko. Hi xikombiso, xikhongelo Akhtyrka Icon ye nguMama kaThixo abantwana yindlela ethembekileyo ukuzikhusela kwizifo yaye kwimpembelelo embi, eyingozi kakhulu kweli xesha lethu.

Ukongeza, phambi ethandaza lomtshato owonwabileyo yeentombi. Ngamnye ubonakala ummangaliso olukhulayo udaba lo mfanekiso. Phinda-phinda kunye nezintlu kunye naye. Ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbi ubuye ngosuku olunye evela phesheya nephepha leempendulo, ngoko ngokungummangaliso-wafumana iminyaka emibini, anamanci asixhenxe anesithandathu eyadlulayo.