Ukhuselo lomthetho we ongaphantsi. Le mithetho-siseko kunye neempawu

Nedra amele eqweqweni ukubunjwa ibekwe ngezantsi umaleko komhlaba, kwaye kungekho balo - bomhlaba komhlaba, amachibi ezantsi nemisinga. Awabonisi ukuba Ukujula ziyafumaneka ukulungiselela isifundo kunye nophuhliso. Cinga ngakumbi, njengoko kufuneka kwenziwe eyiyo kunye nokhuselo lwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa.

Overview

Nedra, ibekwe ngaphakathi kwemida Russian Federation, kuquka isithuba komhlaba kunye nezibonelelo kube ngoku, amandla kunye neminye imithombo abe ngumnini Russian. Xihloko zentengiso, sokubambisa, ilifa, isipho okanye nezinye iintengiselwano uthathwe yabo Ezi sayithi ngeke. Nedra kuphela zingasetyenziswa Kwathi ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwamanye amaqela kangangoko inikwa imithetho yaseburhulumenteni.

Le iwonga ezinto

Oku eveliswa iindawo ongaphantsi, ekukho, kubandakanywa, iidiphozithi ngeefosili anqongophele. iwonga sinikwe izibonelelo yokubonelela aqinisekisiwe karhulumente kufuneka kukho izinto ezinqabileyo qhinga ekrwada, ubukho apho unefuthe ukhuseleko yelizwe, ukufaneleka yokwenza izibophelelo phantsi kwezivumelwano ngamazwe, inceda ukukhusela ulongamo Russian. ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe nokhuseleko lwezibonelelo zendalo zilawulwa nguMthetho Federal № 2395-1.

Iimpawu yokusebenza ye

imithetho yokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi kwezimbiwa zinika uluvo olunye achaphazelekayo kumacandelo efanelekileyo. Njengoko umi ziyasebenza. Ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa ingaqhutywa ngexesha elimisiweyo okanye ngokungenammiselo zaveliswa. Ukubalwa ngamaxesha ukusebenza iqala ukususela ekudalweni lobhaliso karhulumente-mvume ukuze zisebenze. Ubuncinane kwithuba ukusetyenziswa - kunyaka 1. Izinto inganikezelwa kulungiselelwa ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo phantsi komhlaba kunye nezakhiwo, non-yokombiwa ezinxulumene nolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza Storages, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kwakunye ekudalweni kweendawo ezibalulekileyo neeminerali, yaye ezinye iinjongo. Ngonyaka ukuya kwi-1 udluliselwe umhlaba lezemigodi. izinto wejoloji isifundo ukunikwa ixesha leminyaka emihlanu. Ekuhambeni ushishino, ukuhlola kunye nolondolozo lwezixhobo izimbiwa ngokungqinelana nomthetho. Izibonelelo ngenxa nezokukhupha amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba badluliselwe izifundo iminyaka ukuya ku-25. Kuba imveliso sites efosili zibonelelwa kwesi sithuba uphuhliso kuloo dipozithi yakho. Oku ngekhompyutha ngokungqinelana uphando, nto leyo engqina ukuhlola efanelekileyo kunye nolondolozo izimbiwa, kwakunye nokusebenza ngokungqinelana nemigaqo emiselwe.

ilayisensi

Ilungelo lokusebenzisa umhlaba kuthunyelelwa kubo bonke abathathi ngokwesiseko izigqibo imizimba abagunyazisiweyo kwamandla karhulumente yenqanaba ezifanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke injongo yokuxhaphaza. Njengoko uxwebhu esiqinisekisa leyo kunokwenzeka ngokusemthethweni, ukhonza-mvume. Uqinisekisa inxenye ekunene usebenziso ngaphakathi kwemida ethile, ngokwale njongo, ixesha elimisiweyo xa umnini iimeko ezichazwe kwangaphambili. Ilayisenisi unakho kunikwa imisebenzi enye okanye ngaphezulu. Licensure kwenziwa ngemvume webhunga lolawulo okanye umnini-mhlaba ekurhoxisweni yinxalenye yommandla. Ukwabiwa iziza kwi imida yokugqibela, ubhaliso amalungelo abachaphazelekayo ukuze siyenze ngendlela emiselweyo kuwiso-mthetho. Kulo mzekelo kufuneka kuqala ivunywe yi projekthi isebenza ukuba wenziwe.

ukhuseleko ngokusemthethweni ongaphantsi

Lo mthetho sibonakala inani iimfuno kwizifundo. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukuthintela nokusebenza engagunyaziswanga kwezibonelelo. Umntu onomdla nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo izimbiwa, kufuneka athobele iinkqubo ezithile ze ufumane ilayisensi.
2. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela zesifundo, umsebenzi olunzulu kunye nokhuseleko lwezibonelelo.
3. Yenza isifundo advanced zejoloji. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ufumane imithombo zovavanyo isitokhwe oluthembekileyo, iimpawu ilizwe, ukuba eso sifundo ngeenjongo na enxulumene nophuhliso yesibambiso.
4. Ukwenziwa zoviwo kunye inventri karhulumente.
5. Ukuqinisekisa utsalo eliphezulu epheleleyo kwezibonelelo ezingundoqo kunye namacandelo ezinxulumeneyo.
6. Ukugcina sobalo lwephepha lwe obuvelisiweyo kunye nokuhlala izibonelelo kuphuhliso yesibambiso.
7. ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo kunye umhlaba ongaphantsi nongcoliseko, izikhukula, imililo kunye nezinye izinto ezinciphisa ixabiso lorhwebo komhlaba okanye izibonelelo umgangatho kwakunye nzima ixhoba labo.
8. Ukuthobela kwinkqubo ukuvalwa nolondolozo lwamashishini abazibandakanya lezemigodi komhlaba izakhiwo, ukusebenza apho sinxulumana lo msebenzi.
9. Ukuthintela iindawo olungagunyaziswanga zokulala izimbiwa zokwakha, ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho zokusetyenziswa kwezi ndawo ezinye iinjongo.
10. Uthintelo wayenemfuyo endlu kunye inkunkuma yorhwebo kwimimandla yoboniselo ngamanzi kunye ukwenzeka kwamanzi komhlaba elungiselelwe okusela imveliso amanzi okanye ubonelelo.

Kuba waphula umthetho imithetho ukhuselo kunye nokusetyenziswa amanyathelo ongaphantsi ekhutshwe mxholo ilayisenisi inganqunyanyiswa, imiqathango okanye ngokupheleleyo bayeka. Izohlwayo isicelo abenzi abagunyazisiweyo amaziko ngendlela emiselweyo kuwiso-mthetho.

Obusa ukhuselo lwemithombo kwezimbiwa

Ukuba zivunywe iSigqibo Gosgortechnadzor inombolo 71 ukusuka 06.06.2003, kwimimandla ukhuselo ongaphantsi kwe-bume luxanduva lwemibutho (nokuba ifom lwabo ngokwasemthethweni uhlobo ipropati) kunye IP, amacandelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeprojekthi ezinxulumene kwaye enxulumene nezokukhupha kunye nokulungiswa kwezimbiwa, ukwenza neeminerali, yaye kuhlolwa umsebenzi kwi Russian Federation, ngaphakathi kwimida kwithala yayo elizwekazi imimandla yezoqoqosho namazibuko eli lizwe. Onke amaxwebhu kufuneka lungqinelane imizimba kweliso karhulumente. Ukwakhiwa nokusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo, ukuphunyezwa yeMilinganiselo sokubuyisela kunye processing iphambili izimbiwa, ucando lomhlaba kunye nemisebenzi zejoloji kunye kokurhoxa okanye engekho iiprojekthi ezivunyiweyo ngendlela emiselweyo, akuvumelekanga.

imithombo accounting

It ikhutshwa phandle kwequmrhu ngalinye ekwenzeni imisebenzi ngokungqinelana ne-mvume. Le mali ibandakanya imithombo seligrunjiwe:

1. Exploration.
2. Eyakhiwe.
3. Lomqhubi.
4. Ngenaliti.
5. Mining.
6. Special.
7. Control.

Fund Industrial kwenza kuchaziwe kakuhle ngasentla, ngaphandle waqhaqhwa kwaye zilondolozwe. Yahlulahlulwe yaba:

1. izinto ezikhoyo. Ezi ziquka imithombo ezibe phantsi isitofu (ukunika iimveliso) ngenyanga yokugqibela lokunika ingxelo nokuba inani leentsuku umsebenzi wabo.
2. izinto Ayisebenzi. Le nxalenye yale fund na niyalungisa iimveliso musa ukususa yinyanga yokugqibela ixesha accounting.
3. Izinto ukufunda. Ezi ziquka emva ukubhola, kokugqitywa kwaye engekho phantsi isitofu (musa ukuvumela imveliso).

umyalelo olumisiweyo

Ekuphunyezweni kwezi zifundo yomsebenzi mvume kufuneka kubonelelwa kukhuselo kuphela kwezibonelelo (ongaphantsi), kodwa kwakhona ukhuselo impilo yabantu kunye nobomi, nempahla lwabemi nemibutho. Xa umsebenzi yenziwa esweni eyondeleleneyo iindawo iimeko zendalo zokuhlala, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa izinyathelo. Ukuba amanyathelo ekuthethwa kule projekthi, ngokwaneleyo ukuba umhlaba ukhuselo yanikezelwa ngokupheleleyo, kwi amaxwebhu wenza utshintsho oluyimfuneko. Territory, apho athe anyhashwa ngenxa yokuba ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi imigodi, zikwimo efanelekileyo ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi. Ekwenzeni imisebenzi echaphazela inshorensi umhlaba lo, ukungunda isusiwe, zigcinwe yaye kuthuthwa nawuphi na umhlaba rekultiviruemyh balala emqokozweni. Ukukhusela izibonelelo izimbiwa iquka izinto ezithintela okanye iyaluthintela uphuhliso umoya ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngamanzi, zokuxinana kwamanzi, salinization okanye olunye uhlobo zokulahleka iipropati umgangatho womhlaba. Ukuba intshukumo leyo enxulumene ngokukhethwa komhlaba kunye namanzi komhlaba kwindawo yokuqala ukubonelela iimfuno zekhaya kunye yokusela labemi, ukhuselo kungcoliseko kunye nokugqitywa, ukunqanda ifuthe elibi imisebenzi yabo imigodi. Musa ukubeka ukugcinwa zokulahla rock inkunkuma kwiindawo zokuhlala. Kuba iphula imithetho ukhuselo lwemithombo kwezimbiwa enetyala uya kuba noxanduva ngokungqinelana nomthetho.

ulawulo karhulumente yokwakheka komhlaba

Oku kuquka kweliso:

1. Ukuthobela iimfuno inani Federal uMthetho 2395-1, nto leyo ilawulwa yimithetho yokusebenza kunye nokhuselo izimbiwa, imigangatho ezivunyiweyo kunye nezinye izinto zomthetho, isiphumo apho inyanzelekile ukuba onke amaziko asebenza kwimimandla eyabelwe kubo.
2. Ukugcina iinkqubo yokukhupha iimvume.
3. Ukuzaliseka imiqathango echazwe kwiphepha-mvume elo.
4. Ukuqhuba imisebenzi enxulumene neznye iindlela wokuhlola kunye nokuxhatshazwa iindawo namacebo ukunqanda ulhleko okungeyomfuneko malunga noqoqosho, izibonelelo kunye nomgangatho ekrwada izinto ukuhla.
5. Ukuthobela imiqathango yemvume phezu iintlobo zomsebenzi ezinxulumene mvume wokuhlola.
6. State emigodini kunye nemithombo, zobugcisa, amaxwebhu yedeskthopi, core, lwemizekelo yamatye kunye sisimbiwa, phindo iisampuli, leyo enokusetyenziswa iindawo isifundo elandelayo, imigodi, ngokunjalo ukwenza izinto ezingafanelekanga ezinxulumene nemigodi.
7. imisebenzi ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha karhulumente yokubhalisa kwi sites phando, kuthathelwa ingqalelo i-inventri, ezifaka eqikelelweyo.
8. Ukusetyenziswa amanyathelo, ebandakanya ukhuselo lwemithombo izimbiwa yexabiso ezithile zenkcubeko lwezenzululwazi, ngokuxhomekeke kwimiqathango kwisiqulatho loovimba wejoloji inkxaso kunye necandelo stratigraphic ezikhumbuzo emvelo, izakhiwo ezizodwa enezityalo nezilwanyana enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele.
9. Ubukho neemfuneko yokuqinisekisa metrological ngenxa yesimo, yelebhu, izixhobo umlinganiselo nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi kunye nokuthotyelwa kunye nale mimiselo.
10. Ukuthobela imithetho yokuqokelela nokulungiswa Ukuhanjiswa ukuthunyelwa izinto zokuqokelela yedeskthopi ngezidalwa zamandulo, mineralogical kunye nezinye.
11. Ukufaneleka kunye neemfuno zovavanyo zejoloji nezoqoqosho kumadanyana kwezimbiwa. Ilawulwa ngu, phakathi kwezinye izinto, inzaliseko ukufunda nesakhiwo somhlaba onamanzi, ubunjineli kwemigodi, namatye neeminerali kunye nezinye iimeko kwemigodi, ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kwamaziko komhlaba hayi ezinxulumene nemigodi.
12. Ozifezekisayo iimfuno zobugcisa ezisetyenziswayo kunye neendlela, ukuthobela umgangatho, yaso, bezimbiwa esebenzayo kunye nebanzi, ukuhlola kunye nezinye umsebenzi isifundo wejoloji ongaphantsi.
13. Ukungabikho ukuhleleka yemithombo kunye nezimbiwa, anikho phantsi ukuxhatshazwa.
14. Ukuthobela imithetho nangokuxhomekeke kwimiqathango zokusebenzisa ulwazi kwimithombo izimbiwa, leyo yayifunyenwe ngeendleko mali federal.

Iindawo ithala

indawo elisetyenzisiwe kwaye unexploited kwindawo ilungu-mali karhulumente kwezibonelelo izimbiwa ye-Russian Federation. Ukuphatha, ukulahlwa kwabo, bendibalondolozele phezu imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphandle kudityenwe mimandla kunye Russian Federation. Iimpawu yokusebenza kunye iindawo ithala ibonelelwe uMthetho. Le ndawo uvumelekile ukuba ukunika imibutho kunye nabantu, kuquka amazwe, iimanyano amaqumrhu asemthethweni esekwe ngokusekelwe kwisivumelwano umsebenzi ngokudibeneyo kwaye ungabinayo ubume kwiqumrhu elisemthethweni omele weqela kwisivumelano sokwabelana imveliso ifunyenwe. Kwimeko yokugqibela, imeko olongezelelweyo kukusekwa ubutyala ngokudibeneyo abaliqela nxaxheba ukuba nezibopho ezivela ikhontrakthi. Zebali inikezwe ngebhloko geometrized. parameters zawo elikhankanyiweyo mvume lokwenza isifundo lommandla wejoloji ithala, ukuhlola, khangela, uphuhliso lwezibonelelo kwezimbiwa. Isigqibo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, le ndawo komile kunye zilungelelanise kwemida kunye ezinzulwini. Ukukhusela ushishino namandla ukhuseleko zasekhaya Russian Federation livumelekile ukuba abeke izithintelo ngokwabiwa iya ku ithala kubantu basemzini. amanani zenzululwazi basekhaya zezona kwiingxoxo zangoku kwi kwenkcazelo kunye ukugwetyelwa outer kweshelfu. Ngokungqinelana Convention of 1978, inani iimpawu ungadluliselwa ngaphaya iikhilomitha 200-ummandla kwezoqoqosho Russia.

imingcele

Oku akuvumelekanga ukuba afake mvume wolondolozo, iindawo zolondolozo lwendalo kunye neminye imimandla ekhuselweyo kwi ithala, ezinexabiso ngenxa ulondolozo, nokuphinda yokufuduka kweentlobo. amacandelo Umsebenzi kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngabo zifundo banikwe imvume. isabelo ezingavumelekanga amalungelo kwabanye abantu.

isiphelo

RF Government ilawulwa kwaye ilawulwe yokomba kwi ithala, oluqhutywa nawuphi na umyalelo. Ngokwahlukeneyo neemfuneko kungekabekwa kwemibhobho kunye neengcingo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe kulawulwa. Ukuphunyezwa nemithetho kulondolozo lwezibonelelo kukho unxibelelwano. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umthetho unika uxanduva-ukungathobeli. Ingakumbi, le enetyala nazo oluleko ilawulwa (on amanqaku 8.7-8.11 CAO), nempahla yolwaphulo (phantsi Art. 216 no 255 CC) ukwayo. Ingakumbi izohlwayo kakhulu ebonelelweyo kwimeko umonakalo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo-ixabiso kunye eziphilayo bahlale kuyo.