Imizimba zoluntu kwezomthetho. Inkqubo yenkundla ye-Russian Federation - scheme

Le isihloko uluntu sokwahlulela ngaphezu afanelekileyo njengoko inxulumene ngqo ezityeni, yaye onke amanqanaba kunye iintlobo. Esi sakhiwo kusenza sikwazi ukunika impembelelo eziyimfuneko ukuze babe ukuthobela ulawulo yobuchule kunye neemfuno zomthetho.

Inkqubo yenkundla ye-Russian Federation: scheme

Kuba ingqiqo ngesihloko, kububulumko ukuba sinikele ingqalelo ulwazi ngokubanzi.

ERashiya, njengoko nakwamanye amazwe amaninzi, amandla yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezininzi: enkundla, esilawulayo kunye nomthetho. Kwaye ukuba siye sithethe malunga wokuqala babo, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba oluqhutywa kwiindawo ezine eziphambili iingxoxo. Zezi:

- siseko;

- umthetho;

- ulawulo;

- yoluntu.

Ngenxa yoko, phantsi amanyathelo omthetho kudingeka ukuba uqonde indlela yokuphunyezwa kokusesikweni. Konke oku sphere ibunjiwe isebenza phantsi komyalelo, leyo imida ecacileyo esesikweni ukuba uthathe ingqalelo ukuphunyezwa zombini izibophelelo kunye namalungelo ngenxa inkqubo kweejaji.

Inkqubo yenkundla ye-Russian Federation, isicwangciso lilula, kukho iyantlukwano oxwesileyo kunye nkqo amandla. Esi sakhiwo oxwesileyo ukhandwa amasebe amathathu nkqubo ephambili: Ulamlo, iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko, kunye neenkundla komthetho. Isiseko yeli candelo i nkcukacha umahluko omkhulu nganye kwezi ndawo.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo ecacileyo kwisahlulo nkqo kwenkqubo yenkundla uya kusondela le theyibhile.

Izidumbu zoluntu kwezomthetho

La magama isetyenziselwa ukugqiba imibutho eququzelelayo sobummandla kunye nobungcali abantu. Kuyaqondakala ukuba uluntu ngokwalo, njengoko amalungu ayo, luhlobo lwe self-government, kwakunye indlela lokuqinisekisa kokuzimela abantu abasebenza kwinkalo egwebayo. Ngelo xesha oku abanawo intsha kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka ukuba zihlala zivandlakanywa rhoqo kwaye - ukuba kuyimfuneko - utshintsho.

Iyavakala ukuqaphela into yokuba imizimba zoluntu lezobulungisa Russian Federation i isakhiwo eyimfuneko ibinzana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno kwabagwebi ngokwabo. Le njongo iya kuphunyezwa ngokubeka iinjongo ezithile:

- ukulawula ukuziphatha, kwakunye nokuthobela iimfuno ezithe phambi kwabagwebi;

- abathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo yophuhliso, akuwo kunye nenkxaso lombutho imisebenzi yenkundla ingxenye;

- ukunyhashwa xa senze kuthathelwa ubulungisa ngokomthetho.

Okwangoku Kusekho imfuneko yokuphucula indlela yommiselo ngokusemthethweni yeziko kweejaji, esicacisa indima yayo indlela jikelele amandla ekuhlanganiseni ubume ngokusemthethweni.

Ngokumalunga inxaxheba ekuhlaleni, amalungu ayo zibonakaliswa zonke abagwebi, ukusuka apho isifungo asekela. Kule sakhiwo kunokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yesigqibo ukuphelisa amagunya. Kodwa mhlawumbi ngaphandle koko kufuneka ingqalelo. Oku ngokususa imbeko ukurhoxa. Kulo meko, ubulungu igcinwe, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukutsala umgwebi onjalo ukusebenza, kodwa, kakade, kunye kwemvume yakhe.

Iimpawu wesiseko

OLawulo uluntu lezobulungisa Russian Federation (emva koku OSS) Basenokuba abunjwe yaye kamva senze kuphela imithetho-siseko yase yaye ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo nabo.

Kukho izinto eziliqela ukuba inokuchazwa kwimisebenzi yazo engundoqo:

- ikakhulu uluntu kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba zonke kuyahlangatyezwana neemfuno njengoko kucacisiwe kwi -Code of yezeeJaji Yokuziphatha ;

- ukhuselo afanelekayo kwamalungelo enanditshwa abagwebi, ngokunjalo izinto zabo, fl ethile;

- uncedo lobungcali kwinkqubo yokuphucula inkqubo yomthetho ngolo hlobo;

- nenxaxheba kubonelelo zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela umsebenzi iqhosha - izibonelelo, abasebenzi kunye lombutho.

Le misebenzi kunika uluvo, kutheni kufuneka kwi OSS umgaqo thina kunye nempembelelo banayo kwinkqubo yenkundla.

Izinto eziza kuqala imisebenzi

Ukuphela All-Russian Congress iye kuqikelelwa karhulumente kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu. Ngokusekelwe kule imiyalelo ephambili nxaxheba intelligence kwinkongolo ezichongiweyo umsebenzi we-CCA kunye nee-arhente zikarhulumente. Kakuhle eli eziphambili ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukomeleza ukuzimela geqe lweenkundla, ekubeni badlala indima ebalulekileyo impefumlelwano latter kwisigqeba kunye namasebe zomthetho. Kwaye le njongo efanelekileyo zombini nezakhiwo zasekuhlaleni central.

- Izidumbu yoluntu egwebayo kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo inkqubo yokuphucula i-mthetho mthetho zenkqubo. Kuyimfuneko ukuba amalungiselelo ngokuchanekileyo umyalelo lokuncitshiswa, esetyenziswa ukumiselwa kokuxoxwa kwetyala.

- inkqubo njengotshaba yeyona nkalo kakhulu ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi yenkundla, oko ke ke ufanelwe ingqalelo OSS.

- iinguqu ezithile zifuna yolamlo procedural and umthetho wobukhaya. Kufuneka mayicaciswe gca lonke yangoku ngexesha kweenkqubo ukuphumeza kwinkundla ityala bolu iingxabano.

- Ingabi ngaphantsi ebalulekileyo unikezelo ozinzileyo iinqanawa kwezibonelelo eziphathekayo kunye nezibonelelo zemali.

- Enye indawo apho abasemagunyeni kufuneka basebenze uluntu yezomthetho - someleza nkqubo eziququzelelwe liSebe ukuthontelana izixhobo abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi ofundele oku.

- ukhuseleko iinqanawa kunye nokukhuselwa koosompempe akukho nanye inkupho ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kwayo, ngoko ke ufuna isisombululo ebanzi. Ukongeza, kusekho imfuneko yokuba kubekwe imisebenzi amasebe ukuyo ukuba yinxalenye yenkqubo yenkundla. Eziyimfuneko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza amatyala, nto leyo nto ngaphandle isiphumo kunqandwa wobudlelwane zolawulo nezomthetho.

Njengoko sibonile, uluntu egwebayo swi kufezekiso ezininzi iingxaki ibunzi. Le nto idala ezo kumaziko ekubhekiselwe kuwo kweli nqaku. Oku, ubonisa yokuba urhulumente unomdla umgangatho kunye nomsebenzi abanezakhono zeenkundla, nto leyo ukunika isisombululo ngempumelelo kwimiba ezahlukeneyo mthetho yangoku.

Yintoni na uluntu kwezomthetho

La magama lisetyenziswa ukuchaza isakhiwo, oluthi luqokelelane nakumnye kubagwebi zeenkundla yase onke amanqanaba kunye iintlobo. Nazi abagwebi zifundo RF. Ndawonye zenza i inkqubo yenkundla yase Russia.

Yile uluntu ikuvumela ngobuchule kuququzelela lize longamele umsebenzi ngabagwebi wonke ummandla Russian Federation.

Ekuqwalaseleni lo mbuzo, singatsho ukuba lo mphakathi okunene iijaji, nto leyo sinikezwe siseko yombutho. Ukongezelela esweni imisebenzi samalungu ayo, esi sakhiwo swi ngesisombululo nezinye iingxaki ezininzi. Ngenxa yoko, ububanzi uxanduva kunye nobuchule kobume ekuthethwa ibanzi kakhulu ukulawula elula. Kubalulekile ukuba ezi njongo ziyafezekiseka, ngokufanelekileyo yaye kwasekwa ngamaqumrhu ezahlukeneyo zoluntu kwezomthetho. umsebenzi entsha lilawulwa nemithetho efanelekileyo, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, amagqabi isithuba elaneleyo entsokothileyo izenzo kuyimfuneko. Oku kwenza indlela nezimo ekuphumezeni yonke imisebenzi efanelekileyo.

Le nkqubo-sikhokelo yowiso-mthetho

Association of abagwebi ngohlobo umphakathi phantsi isiseko ecacileyo zomthetho, le nto ephambili apho ngumthetho "Kwi yezeeJaji System of the Russian Federation." Okunye ngqo, eli nqaku 29. Ukuba iqulethe iinkcukacha ukuba ijaji, njengabameli enye amasebe yamandla, unelungelo lokuvakalisa izinto zabo. Ukuze ezi njongo, njengoko esekwe ngumthetho kunye noluntu nezigwebo ibunjiwe luchazwe ngohlangothi nobuchule bakhe.

Oku kubonisa ukuba le umbutho osebenza phantsi ulawulo olungqongqo, ngoko ke ithuba amanyathelo ezizimeleyo ngaphandle.

lala maqumrhu oluntu egwebayo uMthetho umisela ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto ngesakhiwo kunye nolwalathiso imisebenzi yabo phakathi koluntu.

Kule nxalenye mthetho federal ikwajongana nomba kobulungu, abasemagunyeni kwezemfundo kunye siseko engundoqo kwabagwebi United. Ngaphezu koko, kunikwa ingqwalaselo izihloko ezifana amandla, ukumiselwa kwemigaqo kwaye ziqinisekise ukuba zonke ii-arhente ezifanelekileyo eluntwini. Njengoko ubona, ukuba ulawulo kunye nophuhliso igunya lenkundla ngurhulumente ingena ngokupheleleyo. Oku, unika abemi ithemba ngokubonakala echubekileyo kwiinkqubo zomthetho.

inkqubo imizimba namajaji

Ukuze ube nomfanekiso ocace gca indlela yokusebenzisa isakhiwo elikhulu enjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuba banikele ingqalelo ngamasuntswana awayenziwe ngawo sakhiwa. Kulo mzekelo, ngamnye kubo umsebenzi walo kunye nenani amagunya ezichazwe ngokucacileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, imizimba zoluntu zithe kwezi meko zilandelayo:

--Russian All Congress.

- IBhodi Higher labaVavanyi, nto leyo inxaxheba ngokuthatha uviwo isiqinisekiso kwabo ngathi kwisikhundla sokuba ngumgwebi.

- I-Council of ABagwebi, anyulwe yi-All-Russian Congress.

- General Assembly.

- Le nkomfa labagwebi asebenza kummandla Russian Federation.

- Ibhodi Qualifications (kukho kwakhona le fom liphezulu lomzimba kunye nabo oogxa abo benza kummandla kwezi zifundo Russian Federation).

- iBhunga yeeJaji ezinxulumene nezifundo ze-Russian Federation.

- abagwebi Committee Examination asebenza kwingingqi, yona lingumxholo Russian Federation.

Konke oku kugqiba isakhiwo umthetho phezu kwezidumbu zoluntu kwezomthetho. On isiseko salo, nawuphi na umsebenzi olulawulwayo Brink. Ngokusekelwe kule ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla, sinako ukuchonga iintlobo ezingundoqo imizimba ezakha uluntu ngokwayo:

- Iibhodi Qualification;

- Congress;

- leNkomfa;

- Iintlanganiso jikelele;

- iibhodi zoviwo;

- ingcebiso abagwebi.

Loo ukusasazwa amandla ikuvumela ukuba eyiyo ukuzicwangcisa nokuzilawula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yoluntu uzigcinele ngaphakathi sikhokelo echazwa yile mithetho yangoku.

Umzimba otshatsheleyo zoluntu kwezomthetho

Isakhiwo ekuthethwa (OSS) ijolise ukuqonda umsebenzi abanobuchule abameli omnye amasebe engundoqo amandla kweli lizwe. Yena, ke, nayo ifuna ulawulo abanobuchule. Le umsebenzi obalulekileyo siphathiswe kwiBhodi yaBagwebi. imisebenzi yayo umzimba owenza uluntu phakathi All-Russian Congress.

Xa sijonga kwibhunga umsebenzi ngemihla, ngoko singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba ujongene nayo yonke imicimbi ephathelele eluntwini. Ezi nketho ngabo iinkalo zemisebenzi enxulumene umbuzo qualification, bekwi kwibhodi ahambelanayo.

Njengoko umzimba liphezulu zoluntu sokwahlulela iBhunga ABagwebi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ukwabiwa abanobuchule kwamandla na. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kule mzimba ngokusisigxina 6 amacandelo ichazwe iingcali ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

- imo yezomthetho kunye nesimo kwabagwebi;

- yezimali;

- unxibelelwano kunye namaqumrhu oluntu yenkundla, aba kule mimandla, kwakunye namagosa kunye norhulumente, neenkampani zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemibutho yoluntu;

- imiba ukuphuculwa yomthetho kunye yokusebenza lezomthetho;

- lombutho kunye nabasebenzi umsebenzi.

Ubume ephambili eziphambili zeBhunga yanikwa inkqubo ubunye ekuhlaleni yenkundla kunye nobuchule ekuququzeleleni zonke izenzo zayo.

kokufaneleka Collegium

Olu didi-arhente abagwebi zoluntu onoxanduva ezo imisebenzi musa kuwa phantsi luxanduva ebhodini. Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo umthetho imizimba zoluntu yenkundla, yaye ngokukodwa, Inqaku le-18, malunga nomba ubume, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga imisebenzi iibhodi kusele ilandelayo:

- ukwenza ngezatifikethi abagwebi nibanika izakhono ezithile;

- ukupheliswa okanye ukumiswa ngamagunya;

- isibonelelo sifo zeejaji, ngamanye amazwi, ukhuseleko lwabo;

- Ukukhetha abanobuchule abaviwa ukuba unako ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo imisebenzi yalo ngumgwebi;

- eyeka emsebenzini.

Ukuze ukhethe iBhodi Qualification ohamba All-Russian Congress. Ngoko ke kwesi siganeko kufuneka zibe khona ubuncinane sisinye kwisithathu inani elipheleleyo abagwebi, owakhiwa ekuhlaleni. High Board Qualification kungaba ukhethe ngabameli zonke iindidi iimpahla: emkhosini, kunye nezinye yolamlo jikelele.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kuvotwe ngexesha Congress ngendlela efihlakeleyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amalungu oluntu unako ukwenza ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yazo imithetho ekhoyo iye ichazwe ngokucacileyo amagunya zoluntu kwezomthetho. Zichazwe ngokucacileyo inxalenye efanelekileyo uMthetho. Ngokomzekelo, kukho iingongoma ezimbalwa kwicandelo enxulumene Ephakamileyo Qualification Collegium. Le umzimba unelungelo:

- Iimviwo kwengcaciso malunga ukuziphatha ijaji awuhambisani kunye Khowudi, eyapapashwa kumajelo eendaba. Ezi zenzo zinceda ukuthintela ukujongelwa phantsi kwegunya amagunya enkundla.

- Ukuqwalaselwa kwezicelo labaviwa lwaso nasiphi na isikhundla ngaphakathi kwinkqubo.

- Isibhengezo kumajelo eendaba ukuba kukho izithuba kwizikhundla ezingundoqo ezintendelezweni kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo.

- Izigqibo malunga ukupheliswa okanye ukumiswa kwamagunya nguSihlalo yeNkundla Ephakamileyo Russian Federation.

- Ukusetyenziswa isiqinisekiso emfundo kweejaji.

- isabelo kwiklasi semfundo sokuqala nephakamileyo kunye nabanye.

Njengoko ubona, uluhlu amagunya uye nje kuphela imida ecacileyo, kodwa ke eneneni ngumfanekiso lwemisebenzi noxanduva esebenzayo kwisigqeba oluntu athile.

iziphumo

Inkqubo yenkundla ye-Russian Federation kusafuneka ukutshintsha esweni imisebenzi ziijaji kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

Urhulumente, nayo, ithathe njengenyathelo uphuculo ezinzileyo ngokudala uluntu olawula kwaye yenza umsebenzi omnye amasebe engundoqo amandla kweli lizwe.