Lexicon - isayensi ukuba ufunda iseti yamagama

Lo gama ngumxholo kweli nqaku, uye iintsingiselo ezimbini. Ukuchazwa nesigama kuba kuphela kwendlela-mbini: lo mhlola yeelwimi, kwaye izifundo zesayensi yakhe.

Yintoni Lexicon

Okokuqala, isigama - iseti ethile amazwi kolwimi oluthile, kwimveliso (kule meko ke thetha yamagama), umntu. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ungenza rhoqo ukufumana i igama lwemethodoloji "isigama".

Okwesibini, lexicology - kukufunda ilizwi. Bayakwazi ukuhlola ukusuka kwiikota ezininzi, loo nto ukubukela ukubona indlela ukutshintsha iiyunithi mali kolwimi oluthile, kwaye ngendlela efanayo okanye uvale iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo, nendlela nganye wemiqondiso. eminye imiba jikelele nazo apho. Umalunga amazwi kwaphela.

Logology

Lo gama kufundwa evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Morphology kuqwalaselwa intsingiselo lwegrama yalo, morphemics kunye ukuyilwa ilizwi - yayo isakhiwo morphemic kunye nendlela. Lexicon - kukufunda ilizwi hlobo: intsingiselo yalo, imbali kunye nobudlelwane kunye nezinye iiyunithi zeelwimi.

ILizwi (okanye lungelelanisa izinto, azafumaneka iimpawu) kwi zolwimi inkqubo yayo umdla, kwaye ngamaqhakra-gingxi nakokwabo. Ezinye zazo ziyafana kakhulu kwabanye phakathi kwentsingiselo yaye ngokufuthi magama (yinkqubo kuyahambisana), lo gama abanye echasayo intsingiselo (it izichasi kunye kufutshane, izenzakalo efanayo). Umntu ndawonye kwisicatshulwa enye, ezinye ziyaphikisana kunjalo, ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwabo umbhalo owodwa ukhangela ingumnqa okanye funny. Kwezinye iimeko, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa iyunithi yedwa, abanye basebenzisa akwamkelekanga kwaphela (ezi imiba iphathwa style). Ngoko ke, njengokuba isigama lezifundo inzululwazi ayikho nje ilizwi nganye nganye, kodwa inkqubo ngokwawo, imithetho yayo, imithetho, imimiselo kunye namandla.

amaCandelo isigama

Njengoko ubona, isigama - yinto nenzululwazi indawo enkulukazi umdla, ngoko yonke jonga engile kwi igama okanye inkqubo magama uhlola icandelo yalo ekhethekileyo. Okokuqala, phakathi kwabo onomasiology (inzululwazi "ngokubanzi kumagama eefolda", okanye "udidi"), semantics kunye semasiology (ngaphakathi kwabo uphonononga intsingiselo, ixabiso, isakhiwo sayo), phraseology (izifundo igama elifanayo isenzeko iilwimi), onomastics (kuqwalaselwa amagama sele ikhona ), lo etymology (isifundo imvelaphi yamagama), indlela (leyo ikhankanywe ngasentla) ne-lexicography (inkcazo igxininisa isigama, wokuqulunqa izichazi magama).

Kwezinye zezi macandelo siya sihlolisise kweli nqaku.

phraseology

Isigama - isifundo kuphela magama, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa apho i- unxulumano olomeleleyo. Oku "ubunye" na ayahlukahlukenanga kangangokuba asebenza kule ntetho phantse belingana ngamazwi. imidibaniso ezinjalo kuthiwa phraseology.

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kakuhle ngebinzana njenge "babini uhlobo", "Ndolutshayela ezantsi umphanda", "indlu isikhonkwane ukuqhuba" njalo njalo. D. nganye amagama ekwakhiweni lwendibaniso ezinjalo phantse ilahlekile intsingiselo yalo. Ukungazi intsingiselo iyunithi phraseological, kudla ngokuba nzima 'ukurhoxisa' ukusuka phantsi 'iinxalenye "enqila (njengoko akukho wemiqondiso kakhulu, iingcali zeelwimi bathi yi" licandelo "phraseologism). Iziseko ezinjalo zidla basemzini Baphela ngenxa yokuba intsingiselo yazo - ingelilo udibaniso iintsingiselo zamagama, kodwa kunoko, mhlawumbi afika kwimbali ibinzana okanye umfanekiso ethile yokuluka. Imbali ukuvela phraseology - yenye yeendawo ezininzi ezithandwayo kunye umdla uphando.

Ezi imixube okuqinileyo, kunye iimpawu ezikhoyo, nazo kulwalamano olusondeleyo nabanye kunye neeyunithi lungelelanisa. Ngoko ke, xa sithetha ngqo Lexicon - kukufunda amagama amaqhalo.

etymology

Imbali yawo phraseologism kuphela ngamnye, kodwa ithokheni nganye. Lexicon - kukufunda amagama langoku nelidlulileyo. Etymology ugqala imvelaphi kweeyunithi zeelwimi. Kuba abaziingcali kule intsimi kubalulekile, kutheni le ndibanisela izandi obefudula yi (ebizwa) le okanye loo mmangaliso. Mhlawumbi lo gama kanye esithathwe ulwimi ethile? Ukusuka ntoni? Mhlawumbi, ngokuhamba kwexesha umqondiso zonakaliswa, kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba isandi ukuze singafani version yayo yoqobo, ukuba amajelo eendaba mihla abasekho ukubona ubudlelwane wayo kwingcambu yegama, bayeka ukuba uyazi ukuba sisekelwe phezu ube - ingcambu eyaziwa kakuhle. intsingiselo Etymological (intsingiselo esele okulungiswe umqondiso ngexesha ingenzeka kulwimi) idla emangalisayo kwaye babakhanyisele ngeyona ntsingiselo yokwenene neyunithi lungelelanisa; oko kwenza rhoqo nje ukuba sicinge ilizwi, kodwa kwakhona isimo sabo ukuba isenzeko apho yayimisela.

Nayiphi na inguqulelo ngemvelaphi igama kufuneka lusekelwe kulwazi ngobuciko ngembali yolwimi. Ngelishwa, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nangona kuphuhliso Ezolimi kunye nembali data, kukho amatyala ukuchazwa olithandayo ngokuzalwa iimpawu. Amaxesha amaninzi etimologizirovanie wobugcisa ikhonza isixhobo ideologues ukuba ayilungise "kwezesayensi 'ukuba iingqiqo zabo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko.

Semantics kunye semasiology

Njengenxalenye yale semantics entetho - inzululwazi intsingiselo yegama. "Sema" - kuba ezinye iimpawu amancinane intsingiselo. Meaning of umqondiso nganye - yinto indibanisela yazo ekhethekileyo. Uva umdla ukuthelekisa isakhiwo intsingiselo yamagama ngoontanga ukusuka kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ukungangqinelani phakathi isakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezi zinto amancinane intsingiselo ngokucacileyo kungekuphela ukubonisa indlela ezahlukeneyo ziyafana xa uqala, ngelizwi iziyelelane ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kucace kangakanani ezahlukeneyo sengqondo yabantu wayenako 'zizakhele ".

Kakade ke, nangona 'ezikhethiweyo', zonke ezi amasebe nesayensi izalana ngokusondeleyo omnye komnye yaye bafunde, enyanisweni, nesenzeko mnye, ugxininise emacaleni aso ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke kudityaniswe iindlela ezininzi kwenza ulwimi enye yeendawo imincili kwaye sanda ngokukhawuleza of Ezolimi.