Incwadi ebomvu yendawo yaseKaluga: izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, amakhowe. Uluhlu, iimpawu kunye nenkcazo

Incwadi Ebomvu yeNgingqi yaseKaluga (izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zayo - isihloko sesicatshulwa sethu) ngumqulu okhutshwe ngo-2006. Isiseko ngumyalelo wurhulumente wengingqi ukususela ngo-1998. Ezi ziquka ezo zinto eziphilayo ezifuna ukunyuselwa kongeza kubemi, ngenxa yokuba inani labo lilinganiselwe. Uluhlu lwakhiwe ngendlela enokuthi idibeneyo iyanyamalala (ikhethwe yiyunithi) kunye nalabo abanamanani aqhutyelwe ukufundiswa (umzobo 4). Ngelishwa, kukho abanye abaye baphela ngokupheleleyo kuloo mmandla. Ukuchasene nencazelo yabo ngu-0.

Olu luhlu lukhulu ngokwaneleyo, siya kuhamba ngamaphepha eBhuku eliBomvu kwingingqi yaseKaluga, echaza izinto eziphilayo eziphawulwe "1" - zizona zizona zincinci.

Amakhowa, ama-mosses kunye neengonyama

Okokuqala, masiqwalasele abameli bobukumkani bama-mushroom, ama-mosses nama-lichens. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba phantsi koKhuseleko kwiNcwadi ebomvu yelizwe laseKaluga kukho inani elikhulu. Phakathi kwefungulu, ukwesaba okukhulu kwixesha labo, umzekelo, oku kulandelayo.

I-sarcosome iyindilinga . Le khowazana engabonakali yinto enomdla kakhulu. Kufana nenkunzi enkulu (ububanzi be-10 cm) emgqomeni wamanzi, igxobhozwe kwi-moss. Umbala - obomvu obomvu.

Kufuneka kuthiwa i-fungus ibaluleke kakhulu kwiyeza. Iipropati ezizodwa zonyango ziyi-liquid, ezalisa umzimba okhulayo. Isetyenziselwa i-rheumatism, ukukhupha ingxabano yeentlanzi, nje ngokuba yinto ekhuthazayo yeenkqubo.

Ramariopsis inhle . Le fungus inokufumaneka kwiintlambo ezitshisayo; Ukhetha amahlathi anqabileyo kunye nomhlaba ocebileyo. Ikhula ekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube nguOktobha, ngokuqhelekileyo "intsapho" kaninzi, njengeentsha ezincinane. Ukunciphisa inani alizange lifundwe ngokupheleleyo. Izazinzulu ziyavuma ukuba isizathu siyi-extraction of rock calcareous ezindaweni zokukhula.

Phakathi kwamanzi angabonwa uKalliergon omkhulu . Iyenzeka kwiimvula, kwiindawo eziqingqiweyo ezinokuthi zinyuka. Ubude bentsenti engama-30 ubude beehlumelo bubulungisa igama le-moss.

Incwadi ebomvu yeNdawo yaseKaluga ibeka ingqalelo kwi-ferns. Ngaloo ndlela, i- centipede , ekhulayo kwimida yamatye kunye naphakathi kwamatye, i-fern encinane. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kuphela isityalo kwiqela eliphakathi elihlala kwabanye (epiphytes) kwaye lisebenzisa nje njengesiseko sokukhula.

Iifom

Makhe sibone yintoni enye incwadi ebomvu yeKlasiga equlethwe kuyo. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezibhalwe kuyo zihluke kakhulu. Ukuba sithetha ngemifuno, kufuneka kuphawulwe ikhanda-intloko, ukutya nokutya . Bahluke kuphela kwimiba yamacembe. Kwizolimo ziyancipha. Isityalo sinamanzi, sikhetha amanzi ahlanzekileyo echibi.

Iintsiba zeentsiba yinye isityalo esilondolozwe ngokuthe ngqo. Ngaphambili, wayeyindoda eqhelekileyo yee-steppes kunye nemimandla, kodwa imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nokutya ibeka isityalo kwisichengeni sokuphela. Ukuchonga olu hlobo lwesinkwa lulula kakhulu: kunye ne-awn iya kwizinwele ezincinci, ezifana neentsiba.

Incwadi ebomvu kwiphondo laseKaluga, amakhowe, izityalo esicinga ngazo, zizaliswa kwaye zizaliswe . Siza kuhlalutya abantu abancinci besityalo - iHartmann's sedge . Ikhetha umhlaba onomileyo wehlathi eliqhaqhaqhaqhaqha, ummandla wamanxweme. Ifikelela kuma-70 cm ubude, isiqhamo sithweswe isicwecwe, sihlanganiselwe kwisiseko sayo.

Ientyatyambo kunye ne-inflorescences ezimhlophe ezithobileyo zisebe lesebe, kwaye liphantsi kokukhuselwa kwilizwe laseKaluga. Ikhetha umhlaba onomlambo, i-glades eyomileyo yelanga. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kuphezulu kwehlathi. Kwintlango, ayinqabile, ihlala ihlwayelwa kwiindawo zasemaphandleni nakwiimplabathi.

Imithi

Phakathi kwemithi equle incwadi ebomvu yesithili saseKaluga (izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kuyo, ngendlela, nazo zimelelwe) kuyafaneleka ukuphawula i- willow, i-lopar kunye ne-blueberry . Owokuqala ukhetha ukukhula kwiimvula ezise-hydrated kakuhle. Ukususela kwangoko nje uninzi lwawo luxutywe, umthi uyafa. I-shrub encinci efikelela kumitha ezimbini. Ihlanganiswe ngamagqabi amhlophe ngamaphethelo akhethekileyo.

I-blueberry willow idibanisa umbala omnyama obomvu obomvu kunye neqabunga elincinci. I-shrub iphantsi, ikhula emanzini.

Omnye umthi ophantsi okhulayo ngumthi we- squat . Ukhetha nenhlabathi yomdaka. Amagatsha akho aphethwe ngokupheleleyo ngamagqabi amancinci kunye nemivumba. Inkalo ehlukileyo - ekhangele iicici. Kusemkhawulweni wokuphela komntu ngenxa yokuphuhliswa komntu wamatye ukuze kukhishwe i-peat extraction.

Intsutyambo

Incwadi ebomvu yeNdawo ye-Kaluga, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zaso-isihloko sesicatshulwa sethu, sineenombolo ezininzi zeentlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Abameli baloo hlobo banani elikhulu kwinani. Makhe sihlale kwiindawo ezidlulayo.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhankanya malunga nezidumbu zezilwanyana . Laba bameli bentsapho yeli gama lingabonakali kwilizwe laseKaluga. Ngoko ke, umntu oqaqambileyo ukhetha amahlathi e-coniferous, apho azingela khona ezinye iinambuzane. Igama lizithetha ngokwalo: umzimba ohlaza oqaqambile ngegolide.

Ubungakanani bomyinge, ububanzi ukuya kwi-18 mm. Iintlobo zezilwanyana zezilwanyana nazo zi-oleaginous and violet . Ukungaphumeleli kweentlobo zidibene nokutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala ngexesha lokukhangela izimbiwa. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukutyhefuza kwamahlathi aneekhemikhali ezinobuthi.

Ubemi bomdaka obusentwasahlobo usengozini. Le bhungane yombala obomvu wegolide ifikelela emithamitha amabini. Amaphiko ajikelezwe. Uhlala phantsi kweqela lomquba. Imiba yokukhawulela inokuxhomekeke ekutshatyalaliswa kweendawo zokuhlala.

Kufuneka kuphawulwe kwaye ezimbini iintlobo ze- bronzovok-zihamba kakuhle kwaye zikhanya . Ezi bhungane zobukhulu obukhulu kakhulu (ukuya kwi-3 cm) zikhetha ukuhlalisa emithini apho zivelisa khona inzala ebolile. I-smooth bronzovka inemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye ne- shiny - i-flowic flowflow. Into ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa i-cut cutting old, imithi ebolile, indawo yokuhlala ye-bronzes.

Iintaka

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwaye kuphawulwe iintaka ze-Kaluga. Abameli abaninzi beli ntsapho basengozini, nangona kunjalo, ezi zilandelayo zixhalaba.

Dubrovnik. Lo mhlali weentlanzi ezinotshani obude nguye ongowomdluli. Le ntaka ehambelayo incinci ngenxa yokunciphisa indawo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala.

Ipargiji yegadi - omnye ummeli weephasi. Le ntaka encinane inemibala ebomvu. I-Oatmeal yintaka efudukayo, ifika esidlekeni.

Amatye amancinci amnyama anamehlo angamanzi angenawo awona ndawo ekuhlaleni kuyo indawo yaseKaluga. Bakhetha ukuhlala kwiindawo ezinamanzi amakhulu.

Izilwanyana

Ukuthetha ngeNcwadi ebomvu yeNkcubeko yaseKaluga, umntu akanakunceda ukukhankanya izilwanyana. Eyona nto ikhuselwe apha iilulane, umzekelo, iingubo ezinkulu .

Abameli beekati bancinane kummandla. Okokuqala kuzo zonke i- lynx . Kukho apha nanjalo ibhere elimnyama kunye neebison .

Izilwanyana zizilwanyana zehlathi, ngoko ukunciphisa inani labo kubangelwa ukuphuhliswa kwemimandla kunye nokunciphisa indawo yokuhlala. Ukongezelela, izilwanyana ezifana ne- lynx okanye, umzekelo, i- mink - ukuvuna rhoqo kwabalusi ngenxa yobumnandi obuxabisekileyo.