Izilwanyana Nezilwanyana zase-Amazon

Umlambo we-Amazon ungabizwa ngenye yezimanga zomhlaba. Ngokwezinga legama, lihlala kunye neNayile kunye neGanges. Indawo eyingqayizivele yendlela ehamba emanzini emhlabeni wonke idonsa abalandeli bemifuno kunye nezilwanyana zasendle. Izityalo nezilwanyana zase-Amazon zithintela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Apha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidalwa eziphilayo ezizodwa kunye nezingozi.

Amazon Basin

I-basin ye-Amazon yindawo ephantsi kweeplanethi yethu. Ihlanganisa indawo engaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-square zeekhilomitha. Phantse yonke le ndawo ihlanganiswe namahlathi ashushu (amahlathi e-Amazon). Lehlathi lezityalo zitshatsheli likhulu kunazo zonke ehlabathini. Isiko salo mmandla yi-Amazon ngokwayo - umlambo ogcweleyo ogcweleyo emhlabeni. Kunzima ukuzicingela, kodwa iindawo zalo zokuqokelela amanzi zivela kumazwe asithoba: iColombia, iBrazil, iPeru, i-Ecuador, iVenezuela, iGuyana, iBolivia, isiFrentshi iGuyana neSuriname.

I-Flora kunye nezilwanyana zase-Amazon

Ummandla unokubaluleka ngokubalulekileyo ngenxa yokuba inqobo yendalo. Ubomi bezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zase-Amazon zihlukile. Kuye kwahluke kakhulu. Kwaye abameli abaninzi bezilwanyana zasendle kunye neentlanzi zihlala kwaye zifumaneka kuphela kule ntsimi.

Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwi-Amazon kukho iindidi ezininzi zezityalo. Nqabile njengoko kubonakala ngathi, ummandla awuzange ufundwe kuze kube yimhla, kwaye ezininzi izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zase-Amazon aziyaziwa kwisayensi. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba inani lenani lezityalo ezikuloo mmandla liphindwe kathathu likhulu kunokuba liyazi namhlanje. Inzululwazi yayazi iintlobo ezi-750 zeemithi, iintlobo ezingama-400 zeentaka, iindidi eziyi-125 zezilwanyana ezincelisayo kunye nezinambuzane ezingenakubalwa kunye nezinambuzane. Emlanjeni kunamawaka angamawaka eentlanzi kunye neentlanzi ezininzi.

Ihlabathi leMifuno ye-Amazon

Kuze kube ngo-2011, amahlathi ase-Amazon ahlanjululwa. Kwaye isizathu salo sasingumthi kuphela. Abantu baye bahlengahlengisa ukukhupha umhlaba okhululekileyo kwimisebenzi yezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, kukufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba iindidi ezahlukileyo kakhulu kwihlabathi lonke liye lagxila kumlambo womlambo. Amahlathi ase-Amazonian adlala indima ebalulekileyo kuMhlaba. Ziwumthombo omkhulu we-oksijeni. Ukongezelela, amahlathi agcina izinga elifunekayo lamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukukhusela ukutshabalaliswa komhlaba. Ehlathini lama-Amazon, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-4000 zemithi - le yiyingxenye yesine yayo yonke imveliso eyaziwayo ehlabathini.

Emahlathini akhula imithi yesundu, i-myrtle, i-laurel, i-begonias, i- mangrove. Kwaye kwesi siqhamo kukho iinanaples, ibhanana, i-guava, imango, i-orange, umkhiwane. Amahlathi ashushu aseAsiaia angathathwa njengengxowa-mali yehlabathi. Kwanakwiindawo ezincinci, iintlobo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ziyabetha. Ngoko, umzekelo, kwiikhilomitha ezilishumi zeekhilomitha kwihlathi ungahlangana ukuya kwiintlobo ezili-1500 zeentyantyambo, iintlobo eziyi-750 zemithi. Konke oku, njengoko sichazile ngaphambili, akusiyo yonke ubutyebi bezolimo ezitshatyalaliswayo kunye nokuchazwa yizinzulu. Omnye unokuqiqa ukuba zeziphi ezinye izityalo ezikhulayo kwi-Amazon.

Abameli abalulekayo beeflethi

Abameli abaninzi behlabathi zezityalo banenani elixabisekileyo. Ngoko, umzekelo, emahlathini ama-Amazon akhula amanqindi amakhulu, ukuba abe ngqo, imithi ka-walnut ye-bertholecium. Ziyaziwa ngokuba zinambitha ezimangalisayo. Kwiqolombhi nganye, isisindo esingama-kilogram engamashumi amabini, iqule malunga neenantsi ezingamashumi amabini. Ukuqokelela iziqhamo ezinjalo kunokuphela kwimozulu engapheliyo yomoya, ngenxa yokuba amanqatha angenawo umoya angabangela umonakalo omkhulu kumqokeleli.

Akukho mnqweno kumthi wobisi, onika isiselo esiphunga esifana nobisi. Kodwa i-cocoa ifumaneka kwisiqhamo somthi we- chocolate . Emahlathini ase-Amazon ikhula inani elininzi lemithi, elingabonakaliswa ixesha elide. Phakathi kwabo kukho umthi we-rubber, i-balsa. Eli lokugqibela liyaziwa ngokuba ngumthi walo obala kakhulu. Kwiingqungquthela zemithi enjalo, amaNdiya afaka emlanjeni. Ngamanye amaxesha ubukhulu babo bukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba kuloo dama lihambelana nedolophana.

Kodwa ke, ininzi yazo zonke iintendelezo ze-Amazon. Ewonke, kukho iindidi ezingaphezu kwekhulu. Inomdla kukuba banobaluleke kakhulu kumntu. Kuzo, i-fibre, ukhuni, i-nut, ijusi kunye nezinye izinto ezifumanekayo. Kwaye akukho nto ininzi abantu abayithandayo, kwaye amaNdiya ngokuqhelekileyo bayibiza ngokuthi "intambo kaSathana". Inyaniso kukuba esi sityalo ngumthi omde kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Kufana nomdiliya kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ufinyelela kumitha engama-300 ubude. Umthi onqabileyo womthi wesundu ugcwele izihluma ezibukhali. Isundu sikaRattan senza iinqabunga ezingapheliyo, izikhonkwane zokukhwela kunye namasebe emifula nemithi eseduze.

UVictoria Regia

Ngokwezinye izikhathi imvelo kunye nezilwanyana zase-Amazon ziyamangalisa ukuba zicinga ngcamango. Isityalo esizidumileyo kule ndawo sinokuqwalaselwa njengamaqabunga ngamanzi ngegama elihle uVictoria Regia. Esi sityalo esikhulu, amaqabunga awo afikelela emitha emitha ububanzi kwaye akwazi ukumelana nama-kilogram e-kilogram.

Iyona nyikona yamanzi enkulu kwihlabathi iphuma kwiMatshi ukuya kuJulayi. Iintyatyambo zaso ziqubuzela i-apricot ecocekileyo, ngalinye lifikelela emithamitha amane ububanzi. Uyakwazi ukubona lo mqondiso wendalo nje ebusuku, kuba nje uqala ukutshabalalisa intyatyambo ngokuhlwa. Ngomhla wokuqala weepalali eziqhakazile zinemibala emhlophe, ngolandelayo luba luhlaza olubomvu, emva koko luba mnyama kwaye lube luhlaza.

Imfuyo yaseAmazon

Ihlathi lamahlathi lase-Amazonian lizele izilwanyana ezinqabileyo, ezinye zazo ziphelile ukuphela: i-baker, i-sloth, i-arachnid, i-warfare, i-dolphin yamanzi amanzi, i-boa, ingwenya. Ihlabathi lezilwanyana zase-Amazon lihluke kangangokuba kunzima ukubala bonke abameli balo.

Ephantse kummandla wonxweme unokuhlangabezana nokudalwa okumangalisayo, ukufikelela kwiikhilogram ezingama-200. Iphepir. Yena, njengomthetho, uhamba emikhondweni ecaleni komlambo, efuna ukudla kwe-algae, amaqabunga, amaqabunga neziqhamo.

Kufuphi neendawo zokuhlala zihlala zizilwanyana ze-Amazon njenge-capybaru (iindonga ezinkulu kwihlabathi). Ubunzima bawo bufikelela kuma-kilogram. Ngaphandle, izilwanyana zifana ne-guinea pig. Kwaye kufuphi nomlambo wamanxweme elindele amaxhoba akhe, aqondwa ngokufanelekileyo ngendalo eyingozi.

Izilwanyana eziyingozi kakhulu kwi-Amazon

Imvula yamanzi ayikho nje indawo enomdla, kodwa ikhuselekile. Bonke abemi babo abanomoya omnene. Izilwanyana ezinobungozi kakhulu ze-Amazon ziyikrakra nabani na. Ewe, akumangalisi, kuba intlanganiso kunye nenye yazo ingakhokelela kwimiphumo emibi kakhulu. Akumangalisi ukuba abanye abemi baseJungle baye baba ngamaqhawe amafilimu amaninzi.

Izilwanyana ezinobungozi ii-Amazons ziyamangalisa ngobukhulu kwaye zikwazi ukulimaza kungekuphela kwabanye abantu. Olunye uluhlu lwabo uluhlu lwegesi, oluya kukhula ukuya kwiimitha ezintathu kwaye lunzima ngexesha elifanayo ukuya kwiihilogram ezingamashumi amane. Intlanzi inokuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-1300 volts. Kubantu abadala, ukutshatyalaliswa kombane, ngokuqinisekileyo, akuyikubulala, kodwa kunzima kakhulu.

Amanzi ase-Amazon ahlala kwikhaya elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele. Ubude bawo buyiimitha ezimbini, kwaye abanye abantu bafikelela kunye neemitha ezintathu. Ubunzima beentlanzi ezinkulu kunama-kilogram e-200. Kukholelwa ukuba i-Arapimi ayifaki ingozi kubantu, kodwa ngo-2009 kwakukho imeko yokuhlaselwa amadoda ambalwa, ngenxa yoko babulawa. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwesaba abantu abanjalo. Ngenxa yokuba abanakubizwa ngokuba bengenanto.

Kodwa kulungile ukukhumbula ukuba izilwanyana zasendle zase-Amazon zihlala kwihlabathi eliyingozi, apho yonke iminithi yobomi babo igcwele umzabalazo wokuphila.

E-jungle, isiqhekeza saseBrazil sisigxina, esibizwa ngokuba yi-bananas. Kukholelwa ukuba uyingozi kakhulu. Ukongezelela, useluhlu lweentlola ezinkulu kwihlabathi (13-15 cm). Inomdla kukuba inambuzane ayisoloko ijoba ubuthi bayo kwixhoba, kwenzeka kuphela kwi-30% yamatyala.

Kodwa intshontsho ebonakalayo iyingozi kakhulu kubantu. I-frog encinci encane enezikhuselo ezinemibala ayifiki ngaphaya kweesentimitha ezinhlanu. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo kwesikhumba sakhe sinobutyhefu kangangokuthi unako ukubulala abantu aba-10 kanyekanye.

Ezi zilwanyana eziyingozi kakhulu

Izilwanyana eziyingozi kakhulu e-Amazon ziyijagu, i-caimans, i-anacondas, i-piranhas kunye nezintongwane. Laba bameli bezilwanyana basengozini kwihlathi kwaye bamele ingozi kubantu kuphela, kodwa nakwabemi behlathi.

IiJagars zizona zimeli ezikhulu kunabo bonke abaseNtshona Koloni. Amadoda ayesilinganisela ngokulinganisela ukuya kwiikhilogram ezilikhulu. Ukulinganiswa kwezilwanyana kubandakanya izidalwa ezili-87 ezihlukeneyo ukusuka kwiigundane nakwizinyamazane. Ewe, abantu bawahlasela ngokukhawuleza. Ngokwenene, le meko ingenzeka ukuba isilwanyana sinyanzele ukuba sizivikele. Kodwa ke kulungile ukuba uqonde ukuba isilwanyana esingasendle asiyidonsa okanye i-pussy ehle.

Abantu abaMnyama bahlala emanzini ase-Amazon. Ziyakhula ukuya kumitha ezintlanu ubude. Ngesinye isikhathi, ukuqothulwa kwabo okungenabubele kwakukhokelela ekubeni babekude ekupheleni. Kodwa kwixesha elizayo imeko yahlengahlengiswa ngenxa yokuthotyelwa komthetho oqinileyo. Abantu baseCaymans bakhetha ukuzingela ebusuku, nokuhlaselwa besuka. Zininzi izilwanyana zondla intlanzi (kunye ne-piranhas), kwakunye nama-vertebrates asemazi. Iimboniselo ezinkulu zihlasela iigagu, i-anacondas, inkomo zasendle kunye nabantu.

Intlanganiso ehlathini kunye ne-anaconda ayiyona nto imnandi kakhulu. Isisindo sawo sifinyelela kwiikhilogram ezilikhulu, ubude bomzimba bufikelele kumitha ezintandathu. I-Anaconda iyinyoka ende kunazo zonke ehlabathini. Uninzi ixesha elichitha emanzini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha linyuka emhlabathini ukuze lifudumise phantsi kwemisebe yelanga. Ixhaphaza kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo kunye ne-quadrupeds, zihlasele elunxwemeni.

Abemi abadumileyo base-Amazon bangamaPiranhas. Zinezinyo ezibukhali eziqinileyo kunye nemisipha enamandla. Intlanzi nganye ifinyelela ngamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu kwaye isisindo malunga neekhilogram. Kwiipiranhas, indlela yokuphila ebomvu iyimpawu. Kwimiqela emikhulu, bayagqiba ekukhangekeni kokutya, badla yonke into ehamba ngayo.

Ngomntu, ingozi engakholwanga imelwa ngamangqamu. Ziyingozi enkulu kumahlathi ase-Amazon. Ukutya ngegazi, basasaza izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ezibulala imfuyo nabantu. Ukususela ekulumeni kwabo, unokufumana i-yellow fever, i-malaria, i-filariasis. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, iingcambu ezikhokelela uluhlu lwabantu abanobungozi be-jungle.

Manatees

Yintoni enye into enomdla kwi-Amazon? Ubume kunye nehlabathi lezilwanyana zase-jungle liyingozi, kodwa phakathi kwabemi balo kukho izidalwa ezintle. Efana ne-manatee. Ngokungafani nabazalwana babo, banomlinganiselo othobekileyo (2-3 metres) kwaye bunzima ukuya kuma-kilogram ayi-500, izilwanyana zihlala emanzini amanzi ase-Amazon.

Bangekho i-fat hypodermic, kwaye ngoko banokuhlala kuphela kwindawo efudumeleyo kwiqondo lokushisa elingekho ngaphantsi kwama-degrees. Yondla ngamanatee kuphela nge-algae, idla ngosuku ngaphambi kweekhilogram ezili-18.

I dolphin ye pink

Omnye umhlali othakazelisayo womlambo i- dolphin eluhlaza. Iintsana zeDolphin zizalwe ngombala obomvu, kodwa ngokukhawuleza zifumana umthunzi obomvana obomvana. Abantu abadala bafikelela kuma-kilogram engamakhulu ama-250 kwaye bakhula ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini. IiDonphins zidla kakhulu kwiintlanzi, ngamanye amaxesha zidla iipiranhas.

Esikhundleni sokulandelelana

AmaNdiya, nakumaxesha amandulo, abizwa ngokuthi i-Amazon "parana-tago", eguqulelwe ngokuthi "ukumkanikazi wemilambo". Kunzima ukungavumelani nabo, kuba lo mlambo oyingqayizivele kunye neentlobo zezilwanyana nezilwanyana ezahlukahlukeneyo, kwizinto ezinobungozi, nakwinto engavakaliyo, efanelekile kwisihloko esinjalo.