Indawo yokuhlala yaseVoronezh. KwiCaucasian Biosphere Reserve. Danube Biosphere Reserve

I-Voronezh, iCaucasian kunye ne-Danube iindawo zokugcina izinto eziphilayo ziindawo ezikhuselekileyo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo ezikuyo ndawo yaseSoviet. Yaye yintoni inqolobane yezinto eziphilayo? Okokuqala, yindawo ekhuselekile, apho kukho indawo ephilayo yendalo. Ukongezelela, ukubeka esweni kunye nokufunda ngeemeko zendalo zisoloko zenziwa kuyo kunye nomhlaba ojikelezayo .

Imbali yeVolonezh Reserve

Ngokwendalo yayo, indawo yokugcina igxininkulu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yeebhola. Ngenxa yokuba ngaphambi kokuba isifundo siqale kwintsimi yale ipaki kazwelonke kwakukho i-zoo yokuzingela, apho inzala kunye ne-beaver zaziswa kuqala. Olu hlobo lwakhiwa iqela elikhulu.

Imbali yolondolozo ibuyele emva kowe-1919. Emva koko kwathunyelwa i-expedition ukuphanda uhlobo lwephondo laseVoronezh . Iqela lezenzululwazi lithatha iminyaka emine elide ukuba liphande ngokupheleleyo ummandla apho i-biosphere igcinwe khona i-Voronezh ngoku ikhona. Emva koko intloko yenkxaso yacela ukuba iququzelele umlindi osisigxina we-beaver ukukhusela ukutshabalalisa.

Kusele ngowe-1923 kwintsimi ekhuselweyo yasungulwa, eyayihamba ngaphaya koMlambo u-Usmani, apho kwakukho ngaphantsi kwee-beavers ezilikhulu ebudeni belo xesha. Ngenxa yokunyamekelwa komntu, inani lamabhondi liye landa kakhulu, kwaye layeka ukuba luphelile. Ngowe-1927, indawo ekhuselekileyo yaba yindawo yokugcina. Kwaye ngowe-1985 yaba yinto ephilayo.

Imisebenzi ephambili

Inqolobane ye-biosphere yaseVoronezh ifumaneka kwintsimi yee-Voronezh ne-Lipetsk. Ummandla wayo unama-hektare angaphezu kwama-30. Iimpawu zendawo yokugcina ziyizibalo ze-beaver kunye ne-deer, equlunqwe ngamasebe.

Namhlanje le ndawo yintsimi engokwemvelo yodwa, apho ulwahlulo lwezilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zimelelwa.

Imisebenzi ephambili yabasebenzi kukulondolozwa kwamahlathi esiqithi, ubuncwane bezilwanyana zezilwanyana kunye nokufundisisa imeko yendalo. Ukongeza, i-Voronezh State State Biosphere Reserve yindawo apho abaphandi bahlala khona kwimfundo esebenza ngokusingqongileyo yoluntu.

Umhlaba ohlaza

Kwintsimi yendawo yokugcina yamandulo kukho inani elikhulu lezityalo ezingaqhelekanga. Nantsi inhlanganisela emangalisayo ye-oki, ipineyini, i-birch kunye ne-aspen.

Indawo yokugcina i-biosphere yaseVoronezh yindawo ekhethekileyo apho isityalo esingavumelekanga se-taiga-blueberry sisalondolozwa. Ukongezelela, intsimi yayo yinani elikhulu lemithombo yamanzi. Ngoko ke, apha unokufumana ezininzi izityalo ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula kwiimvula kunye nemilambo. Phakathi kwabo, sinokuhlukanisa i-floodplain alders eqala ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo, kunye neentyantyambo eziqhakazile ze-iris kunye nomdaka.

Ngethuba elitshisayo kumachibi kunye nemifula yamanzi kukho iintyatyambo zeepsululumu zeqanda, iindla zamanzi kunye neentyantyambo zamanzi. Ukongezelela, kule ndawo, ngakumbi ngasemfuleni i-Ivnitsa, inani elikhulu lenciniba likhula. Kwaye ngaselunxwemeni lweLake Chistoe ungabona uhlobo oluthile lwezityalo - i-lzhekamysh eqhelekileyo.

Ihlabathi lezilwanyana

Ukudalwa kwendawo yokugcina indawo kuhambelana nokubonakala kweebhanki, ngoko ukukhuselwa kunye nokunyuka kwezilwanyana kunye nezinye izilwanyana zezilwanyana kukukhokelo lomsebenzi. Inqolobane ye-biosphere yaseVoronezh ihlala nenani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezinkulu. Lezi zikhumba zasendle, i-roe deer, i-moose kunye ne-red deer.

I-predator eninzi kakhulu kwindawo egcinwe kuyo i- fox evamile. Nangona kunjalo, kwintsimi apho kukho izilwanyana ezinkulu, umzekelo, iingcuka. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, indawo ebalulekileyo ebomini yolondolozo ihlala ngabahlali be-beaver, okuvela kwiqela elininzi lisanda kwiqela elininzi.

Indawo yokugcina indawo ye-biosphere "iVoronezh" ihlala kwiintlobo ezilishumi ze-marten. Unokuhlala udibana nabadlali. Nangona kunjalo, ezona ziqhelekileyo zizilwanyana zentsapho ye-hamster. Phakathi kwezi ntlobo, unokufumana iindiza ezahlukahlukeneyo, umzekelo, eziqhelekileyo, ezibomvu, amanzi kunye nomnyama.

Kwiindawo ezigcinwe kuyo kukho iintaka ezininzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo unako ukudibana nama-geese, iontrowor kunye ne-falcons.

Imbali ye-Danube Biosphere Reserve

Imbali yale ndawo ekhusekileyo ivela ngo-1981, xa izikhukhula zeDanube zenziwe ngokusekelwe kwisebe laseNtsundu yamaLwandle. Emva koko kwahlala indawo engama-hekta ezili-15. Ngombulelo kwiBhanki yehlabathi ngo-1995, kwakunokwenzeka ukulungiselela i-Danube Biosphere Reserve enkulu ngokusekelwe kwindawo encinane ekhuselekile.

Ubungakanani obukhoyo abufumene ngo-1998, emva koMyalelo weNtloko kaRhulumente, intsimi yakhe yanda ukuya kuma-hektare amawaka angama-50. Intsimi yeendawo ezikhoyo namhlanje ziquka iStentsiv-Zhebrian Plavni, i-Zhebriansky Range kunye neState Island yase-Ermakov. Kudibaniswe ekubunjweni nasekulobeni, okukufuphi.

INkqubo yoPhuhliso lweZakhiwo eziKhuselekileyo inikezela ukwanda kwe-Danube Nature Reserve ngo-2015 ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezixhamlekileyo kwiindawo eziphilayo, ezifumaneka kwisixeko saseReni. Ngenxa yoko, ngokukhawuleza indawo yokugcina izakuhlala kuyo yonke imimandla yamanzi amanxweme amaninzi kwiindawo zaseDanube.

Imisebenzi yenzululwazi

I-Danube Biosphere Reserve yenziwe ukuze ikhusele indawo ekhethekileyo yeDanube. Iingcali zenzululwazi ngokucophelela uhlobo lwe-Delta yaseDanube, ukubeka ingqalelo kwimeko yangasemva kwendalo kunye nokufundisa abantu.

Ukongeza, uphando luqhutyelwa kwintsimi yolondolozo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Okubaluleka ngokukhethekileyo kukufunda ngeziganeko ze-anthropogenic ezichaphazela imeko yezinto eziphilayo. Kukho nemisebenzi enceda ukunciphisa impembelelo yendoda eyenziwe yindalo kumgangatho ubuncinci.

Ugcino lubambisana nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka umsebenzi kwiinkqubo ze-UNESCO. Ngenxa yolu, uluntu luqwalaselwe ngentsholongwane kwiingxaki zendalo kwingingqi.

Ukutshintshwa kuphela kwintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana zasemagcini ezifundiswayo, kodwa kunye nokutshintsha kwe-hydrological and climatic changes. Kukho uphononongo oluqhubekayo lombuso weDanube, umlambo nemifula encinane.

I-Flora yolondolozo

Ihlabathi lezityalo lihlala lizityebi kwizityalo ezikhethekileyo. Inani lazo zityalo ziphantse malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingama-600. Ulwahlulo olunjalo lwehlabathi lityalo lugcinwa ngenxa yomhlaba ocebileyo, kwakunye nokukhululeka kobuninzi. Ukongezelela, umhlaba unomlinganiselo omkhulu we-silt owenziwe ngumlambo.

Iintlobo ezithandwa kakhulu kwiintlobo zezityalo zincinci. Kwiibhanki ze-Danube unako ukubona amaqabunga enamaphiko, anama-100 mitha ububanzi. Kulo mmandla kunamhlophe, trehtychinkovaya, loshkaya kunye nezinye iintlobo zezi zityalo. Kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni ungasifumana i-amphibian bush, i-sea buckthorn, kunye ne-tamorizo galozisty.

Ngotshani obude ungabona imimandla encinci enezityalo zasemanzini. Iinduli zamanzi ezimhlophe , iikhosi ze-thyroid, i-salvina ejikelezayo neyantantayo yintlobo ezinqabileyo zezityalo ezithintekayo kwi-biosphere reserve. Iifoto zeentlobo ezikhethiweyo zisanda kubonwa kuphela kwi-Red Book ye-Ukraine. Kodwa ngenxa yemigudu yenzululwazi, izityalo ezingaqhelekanga ngoku ziziva zikhululekile kwiimeko zendalo.

Zezilwanyana

Umhlaba wezilwanyana kwi-Danube Reserve nayo iyingqayizivele. Ininzi enkulu yeentlobo ziwela kwiintaka. Lo mbandela wendawo egcinwe - ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezibonelelo zokutya. Apha ungabona i-seagull, i- heron, i- gose, i-coot, i-swan, amadada kunye ne-tern. Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezinqabileyo zeentaka. Phakathi kwabo, umntu akanakukuphelelwa ukukhankanya i-pelican pinki, i-spoonbill, i-peon's hair-curly na -breasted beose. Kwintsimi yendawo yokugcina indawo, kungekhona nje iintaka ziphumla ngexesha lokuhamba, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zeentaka zamanzi zihlala ebusika.

Iintlobo ezili-100 zeentlanzi nazo ziyafumaneka apha. Ezinye iintlobo zincabile kakhulu, umzekelo, umber, nquma encinci kunye enkulu, i-sturgeon, kunye ne-salmon iDanube. Ukususela kwizilwanyana ezinommandla wendawo yokugcina unako ukudibana neengulube zasendle, intaka yehlathi kunye nenja ye-raccoon, kunye neentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ezihlambulukileyo kunye nama-amphibians. Phakathi kwabemi beendawo ezinokugcinwa kwezidalwa zingaphezu kwezi-20 zeentlobo ezinambuzane ezidweliswe kwiBlack Book.

Imbali yeCaucasian Biosphere Reserve

Imbali yayo yaqala ngo-1924. Kwakusuka ngeli xesha kwiindawo ezikhuselekile zigcinwe kwinqanaba lomthetho. Ngaphambili kwakukho umbutho "uKuban Hunt". Ummandla weCaucasian Biosphere Reserve ungaphezu kwama-hekta ezingama-250. Le ndawo igqwesileyo kwiindawo ezihle kunye neentlobo zeentlobo zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

I-Caucasian Biosphere Reserve ngo-1999 ibandakanywe uluhlu lwezendalo zendalo ze-UNESCO, ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Intsimi ifakiwe kwi-intanethi yamazwe ngamazwe okugcina i-biosphere ukususela ngo-1997. Le yodwa inqolowa ye-Greater Caucasus, ehlala kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-3.5 ngaphezulu kwinqanaba lolwandle.

Umsebenzi woKhuseleko

Inqolobane ye-biosphere yeCaucasus yinto entsimi ekukhuselweni kwendalo kunye nemisebenzi yemfundo eyenziwa. Kodwa yiyiphi indawo yokugcina i-biosphere kwaye ziziphi iinjongo zayo eziphambili?

Indawo yokuLondolozwa kweCaucasian yindawo ekhuselweyo ngokuqinisekileyo apho izinto ezinqabileyo zemvelo ezinokubaluleka kwezinto zemvelo okanye zenzululwazi zifumaneka. Abasebenzi balo baqhuba uphando ngeentlobo ezingabonakaliyo ezifunyenwe kwintsimi yayo, ukubeka esweni iinkqubo ze-biosphere, kwakunye nokubeka esweni impembelelo kwizinto eziphilayo eziphathekayo, kunye nokukhusela kule miba.

Inendima ebalulekileyo emsebenzini wezinzululwazi zigcinwa kukukhuselwa kwintsimi yayo kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho, kuba kufuneka ihlale ingekho naluphi utshintsho olwenziwe kuluntu ngumntu. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba abancedisi babo bayimidiya eninzi, enceda ukuqhuba umsebenzi wezemfundo phakathi kwabantu.

Indawo yokugcina indawo

Indawo yokuhlala yaseCaucasia ineendawo ezikhethekileyo. Apha ungabona iindawo eziphakamileyo eziphakamileyo, izitye, iingqungquthela, iindawo ze-cuesta, amachibi amancinci kunye nemilambo yeentaba, amahlathi e-coniferous kunye namahlathi.

Iyintoni indawo yokugcina indawo yezinto eziphilayo kwindawo enjalo? Inendawo enentaba, ebonakalayo ngokubonakalayo. Apha kukho ibhande le-nival, subalpine, amahlathi ahlanganisiweyo, amahlathi e-coniferous kunye ne-beech nabanye. Kwiimigodi ungabona amahlathi kunye namahlathi, kunye namachibi kunye nemilambo yeentaba. Iintonga zeentaba zihlanganiswe ngamaqabunga angunaphakade, apho imilambo emininzi yendawo yokugcina ivela khona.

Vegetation

Umhlaba wezityalo zendawo egcinwe kuyo ihlukeneyo. Kwintsimi enye apho kukho izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zothando. Ngokwezizonke, iindalo zommandla zinama-3 000 eentlobo zezilwanyana, ezidlula iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-200 ezihlala kwimithi kunye nezihlahla.

Imithi yemifire ekhethekileyo ikhula kwintsimi yesigcino. Ukongeza, apha ungayifumana izityalo ezigcinwe ukususela kwixesha langaphambi kweqhinga. Oku ku-holly, yew, laurel kunye ne-ginseng. Kukho nenani elikhulu leeberry ezahlukeneyo, izityalo kunye nezityalo zemithi.

Imfuyo yeCaucasian Reserve

Ukugcinwa kwezilwanyana zemvelo ngokuyinhloko kudalwe ukugcinwa kwezilwanyana ezizodwa ezihlala kwindawo ethile. Izidalwa ezingaphezulu kwezingama-70 zihlala kwindawo yaseCaucasian. Phakathi kwazo yinyama, ibhere, ibhokhwe ebomvu, i-lynx, ingcuka yaseKuban, izimpungushe, i-badger, i-martens nezinye izilwanyana ezingabonakaliyo. Okubaluleka ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezigcinwe kuzo zii-bhononi ezinamandla.

Ukongezelela, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwezi-240 zeentaka zifumaneka kwindawo yendawo yokugcina. Ezi ziintlobo ezinqabileyo njenge-ndeard-white-headed sip, i-ukhozi yegolide, i-Caucasian black grouse. Zininzi zezi ntaka zeentaka kwintsimi yeCaucasian Biosphere Reserve.

Iqhayiya lendawo egcinwe kuyo iindidi ezininzi zeentlanzi, apho kukho iintlobo ezingama-20. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwimifula ungabona umlambo ongumlambo. Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezilishumi zama-amphibians, afana ne-newt, umthi we-frog kunye ne-Caucasian-hair-head, kunye neentsholongwane ezingama-20 zezidliwayo. Okuqhelekileyo kwezi ziyi-caucasus kunye ne-adder. Kwintsimi yendawo yokugcina indawo ikhula ngamakhowe amaninzi - malunga neenkulungwane ezilwanyana. Phakathi kwabo, i-20 ibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu.