Indlela Dweba njengesithunzi? Basics zokuzoba

Izikolo ezininzi art kunye nezifundo zokuzoba ikakhulu bafundiswe ngendlela izithunzi. Ukwakha nokuzoba iimilo abangekaphuhli ezifana itankana, isigaba, cone, cube - yinto affair kakhulu edinayo yaye ingabangeli. Nangona kunjalo, uyafana msebenzi linyathelo nokuqonda imilo kunye nomthamo iimilo zejiyometri, kwakunye nokukwazi ngendlela emacaleni aso emnyama nokukhanya lokuqala - oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukuzoba komthunzi ipensile ngokwamanqanaba. Xa kusenziwa nobugcia ukukwazi ukuqonda kakuhle ukukhanya icala yobumnyama, ukuba iya kuba luncedo elungileyo yiyiphi.

Ukuba ufuna ukubonisa ecacileyo kwaye ngokwenene, kufuneka ayinike umthamo. Kweli nqaku, siza kukubonisa indlela bazobe komthunzi ipensile.

Ukukhanya nasethunzini

Amanani kufuneka ibe sengqiqweni yaye elikholekileyo emehlweni. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuhlanganisa kubo ngokuchanekileyo ukukhanya emthunzini. Oku kuya kunika ngemizobo koko, ubunzulu kunye ingqondo intshukumo. Indlela ukufunda ukuzoba izithunzi ukuba imifanekiso khangela ngakumbi elingagungqiyo nje, enomtsalane ne umdla?

A bit mbono

Wakhe wacinga ukuba oko kusenza sibone imilo yezinto? Makhe ukuvula imfihlelo: wengxabano kokukhanya nethunzi. Ukuba sibeka phantsi phezu kwetafile kwigumbi zingenafestile yaye icinyiwe ukukhanya, akukho uhlobo, musa vona. Ukuba yokukhanyisa mba ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo kakhulu okanye spotlight, imilo yayo, thina, kwakhona, musa kubona. It ikuvumela ukuba ubone kuphela ukukhanya abajongene ngethunzi.

Nakukhanya nethunzi angawi izinto nakanjanina. Kukho imithetho ethile. Bacebise njengesifundo kwiifomu yayo, ziya kubekwa ukukhanya, yaye apho uya isithunzi. Kwaye umntu risuyuschemu kufuneka utitshala aqaphele ukuba le mithetho khona.

izinto ukukhanya nethunzi

Kule umzobo balandela izinto chiaroscuro: ilitha, umthunzi ukukhanya buso, isithunzi yayo, reflex kunye ithunzi. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye kubo ukuze.

Wabiza indawo ukuvuleka ukukhanya, nto leyo kubekwe kwindawo khaxa okanye iflethi kwaye ziyabuyiseleka lufumaneka ngenxa illuminance enamandla into.

Ukukhanya - umgangatho bento, leyo zikhanyiswe ngokuqaqambileyo.

Penumbra ebizwa komthunzi ityhafile. Oku kwenzeka xa into esikhanyayo hayi omnye kodwa ezininzi imithombo ukukhanya. Ngaphezu koko, ukuba kwakheka kwi iindawo ezijonge kwi engile kancinane ukuya kumthombo wokukhanya.

Shadow - ezo zifundo ukuba abalufumani nesigqubuthelo. isithunzi ungqiyame kuthiwa lowo kuphosa into kwi-moya phezu kwayo. A self - leyo kwicala emnyama kuyo.

Reflex wabiza indawo ezibuthathaka ubukhaphukhaphu emthunzini. Kuye kwasekwa umtha ezivelayo zezinye izinto ezikufutshane.

ngamaqondo eyantlukwano, ngemigangatho Image wokukhanya kwaye ivumela umzobi ezibonisa ngokwegrafu isifundo ifomu kwiphepha le ukuba ayidlulisele umthamo kunye neqondo illuminance.

Kwaye ukuba ezi imithetho ukusebenza lwemizobo computer?

Ewe. yemizobo zekhompyutha - yeyona umzobo efanayo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuzoba indlela izithunzi e Ais okanye "Photoshop" akukho kwahluka umfanekiso ephepheni. yonke ithiyori yonke imithetho esebenza ngayo umfanekiso kwi ngelaphu okanye iphepha, efficacious kunye nekhompyutha.

Inyathelo 1: Ukukhetha izinto ekunene

Indlela ukuba bazobe umthunzi ipensile? Inyathelo lokuqala kukuba ukukhetha ipensile ekunene. Kakade ke, unako ukuzoba izithunzi namalahle, kunye netshokhwe obomvu, kunye gouache, kunye acrylic. Kodwa kuqala kungcono ukuba lokuthintela ipensile.

Kuba izithunzi wasebenzisa iipensile ezikhethekileyo ukuzoba. Bona kuthengiswa iiseti. ukhetho mali ifumaneka na ivenkile enikeza i-ofisi. Kukho kwakhona iphepha lokuzoba okhethekileyo; kukulungele ukuba ukhethe kwintsunguzi ngakumbi ezinzima.

Kukho ezininzi iintlobo iipensile ukuze ukuzoba. Kukho ethambileyo (M, 2m, 3M, ..., 8m, 9m) isileyiti, kwaye kukho into eqinileyo (T, 2T, 3T, ..., 8T, 9t). Kubavelisi bezinye iiseti M ithathwa ngu B, kunye T - for H.

Kuba isithunzi imifanekiso iya kuba iseti ngokwaneleyo 3T, 2T, T, HM, M, 2 M 3M. Ukuba umfanekiso ukukhanya kubhetele ukusebenzisa uluthi eqinileyo, nangenxa umthunzi - ezithambileyo. Ngoko ke nani uya kukhangela zendalo ngakumbi, yaye oko kuya kuba lula ukuba ukuzoba.

Thetha iphepha. Ukuze sizuze akayi kwenza iimakhishithi agudileyo kakhulu, abo apho thina ukushicilela. Musa ukusebenzisa iphepha ngqongqo kakhulu. Kuya kuba nzima ukuba bazobe umthunzi. Kungcono usebenzise umzobo sheets ezizodwa, apho kuthengiswa eneenkcukacha kwiivenkile zokubhala. Indlela ukuzoba njengesithunzi? Kwindawo yokuqala ukuya kuthenga izinto elungileyo.

Inyathelo lesibini: umzobo yomgama

Indlela ukuzoba izithunzi kulo mfanekiso? Okokuqala yenza ulwandlalo linear oko ufuna ukuzoba. Kunqweneleka ukuba benze kanjalo ngemvelo, kodwa ungasebenzisa ifoto into. Okona kubalulekileyo, injongo ekhethiweyo sele zokubhala. Kulo mzekelo, uya kuba nexesha elininzi ukuba umzobo wakhe.

Jonga ngononophelo ekhaya. Ungayipeyinta iintyatyambo, iiwotshi, izinto zasekhitshini, impahla. Konke oku izinto kakhulu ngemizobo.

Ukuba usebenzisa i ifoto, kungcono ukuba uprinte ezimnyama namhlophe. Ngoko ke ufumana ngqo ziveza nentaba nomthunzi.

Inyathelo 3: imibala achromatic

Indlela Dweba njengesithunzi? Xa usebenza ipensile esandleni sakho yonke imibala achromatic. Baqala kunye isiphelo in black and white, ukuba phakathi a shades ezimbalwa obungwevu.

Indlela ukwenza isikali achromatic? Zoba uxande: oko kungenziwa kuxwebhu lwephepha olwahlukileyo okanye ekoneni yemida yomzobo. Yahlula uxande libe ngamalungu amahlanu alinganayo (inokuba ngakumbi, kodwa iya kuba yanele ukuqalisa 5), ngoko ekubabaleni.

Isikwere lokuqala emhlophe, nabokugqibela - emnyama. Inxalenye phakathi kwesidingo ukupeyinta nombala ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ongwevu, hlula kubo ithoni. Ngenxa yoko, uya kuba yinto efana zemibala ipensile yakho; uxande yokuqala emhlophe, le yesibini - gray okhanyayo, kwaye eyesithathu - eliphakathi-zingwevu, yesine - izimvi mnyama, kwaye yokugqibela - ithoni mnyama, nto leyo ukunika ipensile.

Inyathelo 4: imfundiso amathunzi

Indlela ukuzoba njengesithunzi? Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuqonda ubunjani bawo.

Khangela umthombo ukukhanya engundoqo. Phawula ukuba ezikhanya zidla usondeleyo ukukhanya nobumnyama - on, kunye amathunzi kuwa nxamnye naye. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka inikwe ukukhanya, njengoko kusenokuba yeyona ndawo iphambili into umzobo ekhethiweyo.

INyathelo 5: Khetha indlela hatching

Indlela ukuzoba njengesithunzi? Ngenxa kuleyo. Lisetyenziswa phezu umzobo ipensile.

Khetha indlela ukukhuhla umzobo, ngokuxhomekeke into, umthombo wokukhanya kunye nohlobo yemida yomzobo. Species ukukhuhla komntu kakhulu, kwaye abo ithandwayo ngqo, setyhula kunye Phillips.

Oku kubizwa ngqo ngokuzoba ezininzi imigca parallel kufutshane omnye komnye. Le ndlela ugqibelele ukuba izinto ngaphandle ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye nokupeyinta iinwele.

Kuba ukukhuhla setyhula kuyimfuneko ukuba ukrwele izangqa ezininzi ezincinane. Ngokusebenzisa le texture hatching uyakwazi ukudala umdla, wagibisela izangqa kunye imigca ukuncedisana nabo. Ukongeza, kuyenzeka ukuba ukubonisa lexinene into, leyo ubonisa izangqa ndawo kufuphi enye kwenye.

into enemibala usebenzisa ngokuzoba imigca ezidibanayo - a Phillips hatching. Le ndlela ugqibelele ukuba ukongeza figure ubunzulu.

Inyathelo 6: The pen

Zama ukwenza ithunzi. Ekubeni umbane namanje isanda, asifanele kube mnyama kakhulu. Ngoko unako ukuzicima, ukuba kuyimfuneko ngaphandle kobunzima. Zoba, ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuzalisa iindawo ezifuna kunye kwekhefu kwisithuba ezikhanya emhlophe.

Xa inkqubo umzobo ukuthelekisa umsebenzi ngenjongo okanye umfanekiso, ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ubeke izithunzi endaweni eyiyo.

Inyathelo 7: umonde kunye nomsebenzi ngcembe

Yongeza izithunzi ngokwemaleko eziliqela. Kufuneka ukuba ngokuthe ngcembe mnyama umaleko Wayaleka yi umaleko. Phakathi ukukhanya kunye neendawo ezimnyama kufuneka umahluko perceptible. Musa ukulibala ukuba usebenzise isikali achromatic: kumzobo kufuneka lungabi shades efanayo obungwevu.

Akukho mfuneko ukuba bakwenze. Inkqubo izithunzi hatching ukhumbuza imbonakaliso black and white umboniso: kufuneka kwenzeke ngcembe. Patience - isitshixo yakho kwimpumelelo kunye nemizobo ezintle.

Okukhona nzulu izithunzi kulo mfanekiso, ukuze babonakale ngaphantsi ukuba imisele yayo. Kwaye kufanele, ngenxa ebomini, ngenkankulu nantoni na ulwandlalo emnyama. Kunjalo kufuneka ziboniswe umzobo wakho.

Inyathelo 8: yokukhuhla izithunzi

Ngoku ukuxuba izithunzi nasekusondeleni yakho. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubenza esengqiqweni egudileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukulawula uxinzelelo, ngoko ke engenamandla kakhulu kwaye buthathaka kakhulu. Umthunzi logama wanelisekile kunye isiphumo.

Ukuba ngaba awunayo i iintsiba, ungasebenzisa intwana encinane sephepha. Irula kuya kukunceda luyenze ezo ndawo ukuba ngengozi akahexa. Oku kunokuba eyimbalasane okanye ulwandlalo, ukuba alukapheli ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kuleyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, khumbula ukuba uninzi ebonisa abantu, kuquka artists idumileyo ke lokuqala siyakuyila iindlela iimpazamo.

Iingcebiso namacebo

• Phakathi kwesandla sakho kwaye ngephepha apho usondele, uyakwazi ukubeka unekhasi olungenanto iphepha yokuprinta: ukuze uphephe amabala emfanekisweni.
• Ukuze ukuba emaxhobeni mzobo ulungise iimpazamo, kubhetele ukuba kusetyenziswe yokucima IVinyl. Iirabha yale ncwadi ezonakalisa iphepha kunye amanqaku nepensile elungileyo zingacimeka.
• Musa ukusebenzisa umnwe wakho umthunzi mnyama.
• Umahluko phakathi kokukhanya nasethunzini Kwaphawuleka ngakumbi, kufuneka usebenzise ukukhanya okufanelekileyo.
• Ipensile Kungcono ukugcina engile ezincinane ukuya moya wephepha ukuba bazobe iqela elikhokelayo, hayi incam. Ngoko ke emthunzini kuya kuyazenzekela.