Injini UMZ 4216. Ulyanovsk Motor Plant: iinjini ngokuba "Ibhadi"

Ulyanovsk Motor Works, okanye UMP, yaziwa into yokuba utywala iinjini kwizithuthi zorhwebo. Makhe ngokufutshane iphumele imbali yale nkampani. Imbali yale sesityalo ngokukhuselekileyo zigcinwe kwimemori abaninzi kwabo banikezela ubomi babo ekuvelisweni iinjini.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

Yonke le nto yaqala kwi ekwindla ka-1941. ngoko Ndachukumiseka Ulyanovsk le kweemveliso Moscow Automobile kubo. Stalin. Ekuqaleni November, waqalisa isixeko ukuza ngokubonakalayo oololiwe yonke zithwele izixhobo, kwakunye nabasebenzi kubalulekile. Oomasifundisane zasekwa ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunye neemveliso zezityalo ejoliswe kakhulu ukwakhiwa izixhobo zokusebenza ngaphambili. Ngo-Apreli 1942, phakathi kweendonga yeevenkile eziqokelelweyo wanikela lupwa isithuthi yokuqala. Kwakhona eqokelelwe le mveliso engenisiwe iimoto. Ngaphezu koko, ekwindla ka-1942, isityalo esaqala ngayo ukuvelisa iinjini yokuqala ngamanzi-lupholile. Zazisetyenziswa ngexesha lemfazwe njengezona. Xa isityalo isusiwe ngokupheleleyo evela kwindibano iimoto kunye nezixhobo yomkhosi ukuveliswa iinjini amancinci-ukufuduka.

July 31, 1968 kwi-odolo ze-USSR Ministry zesityalo labizwa ngokuba UMP. Le nkampani uqale umsebenzi kuphuhliso imveliso iinjini ukuba iimoto. Emva koko, ngoNovemba 1992, isityalo eso similise yinkampani stock joint, leyo silwenza iinjini kwizithuthi ndingaz. Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, isityalo sele uqalile ngempumelelo ukuvelisa iinjini for "Ibhadi".

Ukususela ngo-2005, i-injini kwi "Ibhadi" - oku isityalo omkhulu kwimveliso. Kwaye emva kokuba ukuqaliswa ezintsha, imoto ngasinye ebalekayo injini ye UMP.

ezenzeka ngoku

Namhlanje Ulyanovsk Motor Plant exakekileyo ngcembe kunciphisa iindleko iinjini zayo, kwakunye bamatasa ekuphuculeni umgangatho injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi imveliso yayo. Ngenxa yokuba le nkampani iye kusingathwa ezininzi iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe, izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kusungulo imigaqo ezintsha leeyunithi mveliso aye athathwa. Ngenxa yoko, le migaqo kunye isicwangciso esitsha kukhokelele kwinto yokuba amaxabiso imveliso luye lwehla ukususela ngo-2009, kodwa ke umgangatho iinjini landa kancinci. Ngoku, ngenxa sophicotho inxaxheba ziingcali ezizimeleyo baseYurophu, imveliso yezityalo has a high ngokwenene kwaye ukukhawulelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Endleleni eya ukugqwesa

Ugxininiso oluphambili senziwe efektri kunikezelo iinjini, ezo zezona malilungiselelwe "Gazel" yaye "Sobol", kwakunye nezinye iimatshini ngokwesiseko lezi zimoto. UMP uvelisa iinjini ezihlangabezana yonke imigangatho efunekayo "Euro-3" umgangatho. Umsebenzi ophambili ukuba abasebenzi zesityalo namhlanje - kubaluleke kakhulu nangakumbi umgangatho ophezulu, nto leyo babe injini kwi "Ibhadi" ifakiwe.

Ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso kwi efektri thethwano leengcaphephe amazwe kunye nabasebenzi amanyathelo ndingaz ejolise ekunyuseni umgangatho weemveliso olusaleleyo luqhutywe. Ngexesha lale nkqubo,-mveliso yatshintsha umniki amanye amacandelo kunye iindawo, yaqalisa inkqubo yolawulo olunobulunga Lonk 'ixesha imveliso, ukunciphisa iziphene iziza ezithile kunye nemveliso ngokubanzi. GAS intsebenziswano isityalo injini uya kwandisa ngokubonakalayo imveliso, esetyenziswa kwi "Ibhadi". Uyilo iinjini kwenziwa utshintsho ngokuqhubekayo olubalulekileyo leyo eyenzelwe ukuba ukwenza lele umsebenzi-injini.

Kwi-mveliso kukho isiza, ekuthiwa elebhu apho injini uvavanyo. Kukho iinjini uvavanyo umgangatho imigangatho langoku ngamazwe. Out of yonke ibhetshi iimveliso abasebenzi UMP bakhetha injini enye, uze ufake injini kovavanyo yokuma. Ioli njengesipholisi nezongezelelo izinto axutywe namanzi, uze bagqwethe injini elowo iimeko isigwebo. Ngaphezu koko, emva kwezi mvavanyo, ngayo esikhanyayo kunye ukukhanya yelanga, nto leyo ebonisa zonke yokumpompoza. Ke DIC yotyando lwenziwa, ngexesha apho meko iba imiphezulu umgangatho ecacileyo iinxalenye neendibano okanye. Zokusombulula lwenziwa, kwaye ngoko ke nokupheliswa iziphene.

"Gazel-Business"

Umsebenzi kwendalo emotweni ukuqala ngo-2008. Iinjineli kunye nabathengisi baye benza umsebenzi omkhulu, Nentabalala uphando iye yenziwa, ngexesha leyo eyaye abathengi elizayo, uluhlu abaza kuzisebenzisa. Uyilo ipateni isiseko 150 eyenziwe utshintsho ezahlukeneyo. Amacandelo aphambili kunye iindawo ezibalulekileyo imoto entsha - iyinxalenye kwamashishini iimveliso kwamanye amazwe. "Gazel-Business" wegqitha zonke iimvavanyo.

Ngaphandle, xa kuthelekiswa ne kwinguqulelo esisiseko, imodeli "Business" ayitshintshanga kangako. Kodwa okuninzi itshintshile ngaphakathi kule ndlwana.

Ngaphandle, ngayo yahlukile nabanye grille umculo element. Ngesivuno iqhotyoshelwe kule elorini. Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambili ukuba zixhonywe isakhelo. Oku kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu umsantsa phakathi elorini kunye bumper. Little taillights design yokutshintsha. utshintsho yangaphandle ziquka ngelogo entsha.

Ngokubhekiselele isiqulatho yangaphakathi, sekuqaleke isimo esitsha. Le dashboard wenziwe eJamani, ivili lokuqhuba elitsha, baxhotyiswa kunye zokulawula yemultimedia. Zonke mihla kakhulu kwaye stylish. endlwaneni ngombala wenziwe zesilivere. Kwakhona, "Gazel-Business" lixhotyiswe ulawulo lwemozulu kunye omtsha kwi-kwibhodi kwikhompyutha. Sinokuthi embindini iye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo.

Phambi kokuba indalo le inguqulelo iinjineli zezityalo kwaqhutywa uphando waza wafumanisa ukuba zonke izinto ezingazange sihambelane abanini "namabhadi" ngaphambili. Singatsho kakuhle ukuba bonke yaviwa kwaye uninzi iintsilelo alungiswe ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokupheleleyo ngokutsha sihla clutch, nabo bonke uthumelo ngoku zabandakanywa ngokulula kakhulu. Le moto kuba ngcono nangakumbi kakuhle ukuba abachukumise, kunye nomsebenzi PPC lo ezingahambi azize okanye ingxolo. Oku kungenxa yokungenisa sites German kwi PPC.

malunga injini

Phantsi ukwesona yi "Gazel-Business" injini UMZ 4216. Yena ngelo xesha kwakungekabikho eziqhelekileyo abaqhubi. Ngamafutshane, oko malilungiselelwe Euro-3.12.3-silny motor. Le injini (UMP 4216) yaba nibe. Unit ngokwayo akanalo ngokupheleleyo zonke iingxaki zangaphambili kunye injini kwi "Ibhadi". Kwakhona, i-injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi afanelekileyo ukuze kufakelwe HBO.

iimpawu technical

UMP injini 4216 - i-4-stroke ipetroli injini nenkqubo ucinezelo yolawulo kunye inaliti elektroniki. Iziqulathi babe ubukhulu 100 mm. piston stroke kwinkqubo piston 92 mm. Ukubana - 2,89 litres. Isantya injini eliphezulu - 4500 r / m. inkqubo sokupholisa engamanzi ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngenkani kwegazi. inkqubo ukuthambisa ajikeleze zidibene, phantsi koxinzelelo le mixube ioli.

injini UMP 4216 ukuze kuzo iimoto kunye zokuphosa, ngumnxibelelanisi ngendlela ezintathu-kwinkqubo zeemoto; kananjalo imishini kwiklasi Euro-3 letyhefu. Motor mayixhotyiswe nenkqubo-elekhtrons, abenzi boluvo abaninzi ukulawula ukusebenza kwenkqubo amafutha kunye ucinezelo.

amalungu omzimba

Le block cylinder yenziwa ngokwenza umntu intsila ngokusekelwe kwi-aluminiyam kunye Imikhumbi cast yentsimbi. Ubukhulu be sleeves yi-100 mm. Ukuze bakwazi ngempumelelo ngakumbi epholileyo, xa Jumpers abaphuhlisi babonelele imibhobho ezizodwa ukuze ndiye ongavalelekanga omalunga refrigerant.

Intloko cylinder kwakhona yenziwe aluminiyamu, kunye izihlalo ifakiwe kunye nezikhokelo ukwenzela kwemithambo. Va block cylinder kunye nentloko ekhwele Asbestos gasket ngenxa yokuvalwa udibaniso.

yesingxobo isabelo

Crankshaft - pyatioporny eyenziwe ingxubevange kwesinyithi okhethekileyo. yayo wesibeleko banikwa ngobulumko kunye nemingxuma nokucoca ioli. Isiphelo ngaphambili crankshaft unalo ngetywina. Imigudu ezingundoqo kwakhe phezu ngenkxaso ngaphambili.

I-injini 4216 lixhotyiswe UMP bethwele amaqokobhe of strip sentsimbi ethe zizaliswe antifriction ingxubevange.

A flywheel eyenziwe elingqukuva ngentsimbi toothing intsimbi. Crankshaft balancing kwenzeka le mveliso kunye clutch kunye flywheel. Iintonga eziqhagamshelayo zomgunyathi ukususela ngentsimbi. Ukuthambisa intloko phezulu ngentonga linikwa kuvulwa nto leyo, ingqamana yazala emkhonweni. amakhonkco piston zifakwa kunye ezithathu piston nganye. Yakhiwa ingxubevange kwesinyithi okhethekileyo.

mechanism distribution Gas

UMP Engine 4216 lixhotyiswe semigudu ukuba inani intloko cylinder kunye nenkqubo zeemoto. valve actuator sisebenze camshaft kunye pushers, iintonga kunye rockers.

Ukupholisa kunye ucinezelo

It imelwe ngokohlobo kwimpompo njengesiqhelo, thermostat, iidyasi zokupholisa, radiator, itanki ukwanda, nemilomo. Lilonke, inkqubo beemoto obuqhelekileyo.

UMP Engine 4216 ifakwe mandla ombane inkqubo licwecwe ucinezelo eliphantsi. ohlobo ucinezelo dvuhvyvodnye xa isixa-mali emibini. German okanye Czech amakhandlela.

Kwakhona ibekwe kwi iyunithi injini ulawulo electronic abenzi boluvo ezininzi ezilawula abaninzi parameters ebalulekileyo kwesithuthi. Le ngeemoto mayixhotyiswe ngezixhobo kwakuxhomekeke zombane, inkqubo ngamandla ukuphuculwa.

UMP 4216: ncomo, iingxaki, balungise

udliwano Zininzi zabanjwa malunga injini UMZ 4216. Ukuphonononga ziye kwagqama antsonkothileyo. Zonke izimvo nabanako ukwahlulelana kubini - kukho zombini ezimbi nezilungileyo. Kwezinye abanini imoto, le injini kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, ngoxa abanye - iingxaki abasisigxina kunye injini nokulungiswa elingunaphakade UMZ 4216.

Ngokusisiseko, ingxaki ezinxulumene ne kwandisa ukusetyenziswa ioli, ezifana njengoko ukwanda amafutha, i-injini ngokwayo kakhulu yingxaki. Abaqhubi nazo ayilunganga Iimpawu isivamvo lobushushu intlokoma ngesantya phezulu, ibambelele kakuhle. Eka van'wana, le injini nje imvakalelo engcono, kuba usebenza ngathi iwotshi, yaye rhoqo okanye kobuxhakaxhaka.

Kuba abo wagqiba ukuthenga injini UMZ 4216

Ixabiso le iinjini Euro-3 ngoku umlinganiselo engange malunga 100 000. Kwakhona lo injini ugqibelele ukuba ukusetyenziswa kunye neeyunithi igesi-cylinder, nto leyo plus kuye.

Nakuba kunjalo, izifundo ziye wenziwe, ezijolise nokuhlola umgangatho kunye nenkonzo wobomi enjinini. Kwisithuba seminyaka emibini, abasebenzi zesityalo kunye autocarrier zabucala balandela umsebenzi koomatshini-5 kulo injini. Cars ziye ezingaphezu kwe-100 000 km. Umfuniselo wabonisa ukuba yebhasi isondlo rhoqo ngaphandle ulungiso ezinkulu, kwaye wandise ngaphezulu kwe-100 lamawaka. Kakade ke, lo iinjini azikho ngaphandle iingxaki, baye rhoqo zivulwe ngethuba eksperimenti jonga kwi iinkalo eziphambili.

Iingcali, abasebenzi haulers zezityalo zabucala siqinisekile ukuba ulondolozo qho kumatshini kunye injini unokuwisa, kunye km 300 000. Uninzi iingxaki ezibangela lokungaphumeleli ezi injini zinxulunyaniswa izibaso amahlwempu-esemgangathweni. Yaye jikelele, kunye ulondolozo olufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwangethuba i-injini - yinto iyunithi yokusebenza.