Inkqubo Banking: iintlobo kunye neempawu zazo

Iinkqubo Banking lukwa yinxalenye ye ezahlukeneyo imifuziselo kwezoqoqosho. Kulo mzekelo, umahluko omkhulu kuba phakathi kwabo.

kwindlela zogcino

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ekufundweni ziziphi iintlobo lweenkqubo zebhanki ehlabathini, kuyimfuneko ukujongana kanye definition. La magama lisetyenziswa ukuchaza iseti amaziko ngetyala non-yibhanki kunye egcina imali asebenza ngaphakathi indlela efanayo zomthetho zemali-mboleko.

Le nkqubo isebenza kuzo zombini National Bank kunye namaqumrhu abucala, kuquka amaziko ezahlukeneyo zeentengo zemboleko kunye zokuhlala. Umsebenzi ophambili we-National Bank ukuba sifeze-nkqubo wemali karhulumente kunye ifezekiswe. Nguye kumbindi kwinkqubo reserve eli lizwe.

Ukuze inkqubo yogcino olunokubaluleka, yaye ezo nkampani ezizodwa ezinika imisebenzi kumaziko ngetyala.

zohlelo inkqubo

Phantsi komxholo othi, "Le nkqubo yogcino - isigama, iintlobo, amanqanaba, amalungu" kufuneka ingqalelo amacandelo zamaziko ukuba zenze inkqubo.

Ungaqala kunye namaziko ngetyala. Sithetha iqumrhu elisemthethweni, injongo ogama main ukufumana ingeniso kwemicimbi zebhanki. Ukwenza lo msebenzi ufuna mvume, elikhutshwa yibhanki engundoqo. Kulo mzekelo, yonke imisebenzi yemibutho ezinjalo kuqhutywa ngokungqinelana ngokungqongqo nomthetho wesizwe.

Ukuba sithethe eRashiya, ngemithetho Russian zikuvumela ukuba ukuvula imibutho credit usebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo ubunini. Unako ukwenza unxulumano ezahlukeneyo kunye neemanyano, ejoliswe ukukhusela umdla wamalungu ayo, ngoxa uphuma ecaleni iingxaki ezinxulumene ne nezokukhupha ngeniso.

Ukuhlaziya ukuba limela inkqubo yebhanki, izinto zayo kunye neendidi, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza icandelo amaziko zilandelayo yeyiphi yingxenye yayo. Sithetha ngalo ebhankini. Eli binzana kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iziko lamatyala ogunyaziselwe ukuqhuba imisebenzi ethile zemali ngokuhambelana ngokungqongqo nomthetho Russian. Ezi nkonzo zilandelayo kunye neenkqubo ekunokuthiwa imisebenzi enjalo:

- ukuvula nokugcina ii -akhawunti zebhanki amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye nabantu;

- ukutsala iidipozithi imali yabantu ezahlukeneyo;

- ukubekwa ezi mali ngeendleko zayo yaye egameni lakhe kwimeko yongxamiseko, serviceability, kunye recoverability.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda into ilandelayo: ukuba, imisebenzi ekhankanywe ngasentla lombutho nokude abe mnye na imisebenzi, loo nto ithathwa isakhiwo non-bank.

Ibhanki amazwe. Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe ukumisela iziko lamatyala, othe ezaziwayo yibhanki phantsi imithetho State apho ubhaliswe.

Umbutho ongekho-iibhanki kwakhona yinxalenye yenkqubo iyonke. Njengoko iimpawu ezahlukileyo Ungakwazi ukucacisa ukuba nokwenzeka imisebenzi zebhanki ethile, ezo kunokubonelelwa ngumthetho wesizwe.

model market

Ezi ntlobo ke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lombutho inkqubo yayo yebhanki. Omnye eziqhelekileyo iindidi zeefayile - emarikeni. Le nkqubo mpawu zilandelayo: urhulumente akukho bodwa kwicandelo logcino imisebenzi kunye nempembelelo yayo kwisakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ngetyala kuphela ngokusekwa esisiseko parameters kunye nemigaqo yophuhliso.

Kulo mzekelo, esebenza kwamagunya necandelo leebhanki. Kwakhona ingekhoyo lo msebenzi karhulumente akanguye unobangela iziphumo zemali Imibutho zikhankanywe ngasentla, kunye nesakhiwo zabucala ityala, yena, akukho uxanduva imisebenzi lukho ngurhulumente.

Kwakhona, inkqubo enjalo, urhulumente isinyanzelo ukugcina ucwangco kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Le nyaniso, kwakunye inani elikhulu amaziko abolekisa abucala kule nkqubo, nto leyo imfuneko ukuze kwakhiwe ibhanki engundoqo okanye umbutho ukuze yenze imisebenzi yayo. Enye yezona ngxaki iphambili yale kweebhanki iliso namanye amaqumrhu abandakanyeka neentlobano ngetyala.

Kufaneleke ingqalelo into zilandelayo: ubume ibhanki engundlunkulu ekhethekileyo kangangokuba uyazimela njenge uhlobo bank eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo mali okanye, ngaphezulu kanye, uroven.Imenno ngenxa yesi sizathu ukuba iinkqubo kwiimalike zoqoqosho phantse lonke sekhombuya.

Accounting kunye nokwabiwa model

Olu hlobo mbutho lwemisebenzi zebhanki ikakhulu kusetyenziswa kumazwe apho inkqubo yedemokhrasi ayamkelwa.

Kuba nkqubo onjalo iphawulwa esinakho karhulumente phezu ezabelwe amaziko zebhanki kunye nemisebenzi. Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo kule modeli iquka ukuqeshwa abaphathi beebhanki karhulumente kunye nokuzimisela kurhulumente onoxanduva iziphumo, ezo zifunyenwe ngenxa yemisebenzi zebhanki.

Ngenxa yoko, xa imodeli enjalo, uluhlu lwamaziko ngetyala kunokuba elimxinwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubonelelo ngeenkonzo zebhanki kuye inani elincinane amaziko yamatyala ukuba ezizodwa ngokungqinelana kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, okanye ibhanki bengatshatanga.

systems amazinga

Ukuqwalasela iintlobo yokwakhiwa kwinkqubo neebhanki, kuyimfuneko ukuba bathathele ingqalelo into yokuba abanye babo nakhelwe phezu umgaqo yokufumanisa indlela ubudlelwane enziwa phakathi kumaziko ahlukeneyo ngetyala.

Sithetha multi-level kunye neenkqubo zebhanki-kwinqanaba elinye.

imodeli-level olunye ikakhulu kusetyenziswa kumazwe kunye neenkqubo loozwilakhe, apho isebenza khona ibhanki karhulumente. Loo imodeli kwakhona afanelekileyo lokuqala necandelo leebhanki.

Njengoko inkqubo-level ezininzi, oko luphawulwa umahluko kumaziko zamatyala amanqanaba. Kulo mzekelo, ibhanki engundlunkulu usoloko kwindawo yokuqala, nokuba inani kumanqanaba ezabelwe kunye namaziko ngetyala ngokubanzi.

Le nkqubo isebenza Russia

Ukuba uhlawula ingqalelo iintlobo kwindlela yogcino-mali, ukuba kunokwenzeka ukugqiba ukuba ico i imodeli multilevel. Ngapha koko, le nkqubo isakhiwo ilandelayo: i-Bank of Russia, amaziko ezahlukeneyo zeentengo zemboleko, kwakunye nee-ofisi ummeli kunye namasebe yeebhanki amazwe.

Kodwa ayiphelelanga kwindlela yogcino Russian. Iindidi ukuba kuquka, abandakanye intshukumo kwi kummandla kaRhulumente lemibutho ezizodwa ukuba engaganwanga kwimisebenzi zebhanki. Ukongeza, le mibutho zijolise ekuqinisekiseni umsebenzi kumaziko zemboleko kunye neebhanki.

Njengoko le mihla inkqubo lweBhanki Russia - na udidi lwesixokelelwano esihambelanayo imodeli market, ulwalathiso imisebenzi ngemali, ukusebenza ngaphantsi kwawo, iqulathe kumanqanaba aliqela:

- yibhanki eyongameleyo;

- zebhanki (ulondolozo, mortgage kunye neebhanki zorhwebo);

- icandelo inshorensi (iimali zomhlalaphantsi, amaziko specialist ngetyala non-mali kunye neenkampani ze-inshorensi).

imifuziselo waseMerika Japanese

Kukho nezinye iindawo apho inkqubo logcino iye yaphunyezwa. Iintlobo zazo ezahlukeneyo ngonyuka ngokuxhomekeke mmandla.

Kuba imodeli American luphawulwa inyathelo engumzekelo i-Federal Reserve System, kunye notyalo-mali, ulondolozo, iibhanki zorhwebo kunye nemibutho yokonga lwasenkundleni.

ezahlukeneyo ezininzi kubonakala kwindlela yogcino Japanese. Iintlobo amaziko ezemali asebenza kweli lizwe ingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yibhanki eyongameleyo, zeposi egcina imali kunye neebhanki zorhwebo.

isiphelo

Ngawo onke yobuninzi imifuziselo kunokwenzeka, sibulela nokuba ngabaphi na amalungiselelo kwinkqubo yogcino, iintlobo, nto leyo ethetha kwinqanaba elithile, iyavakala ukufumanisa indlela phambili ngakumbi.