Inkqubo Extrapyramidal: ukuphazamiseka extrapyramidal

inkqubo extrapyramidal   - kwenethiwekhi kwinkqubo luvo, engaquki kudlula inkqubo corticospinal okanye pyramidal, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ulawula kunye nolawulo intshukumo. Ngako oko yinxalenye yenkqubo isimiso. A kwenethiwekhi amiliswe ngaphakathi kwimimandla zengqondo ezifana Pons kunye Medulla Oblongata, baqhubeke umnqonqo.

Ekubhekiselelwe kuso ngendlela engangqalanga ukusebenza umsebenzi kweemoto, inkqubo extrapyramidal ngokuyintloko inxaxheba kulawulo lentsalela, ulungelelwaniso, ukuma, kwezihlunu, ingqondo. Umzekelo, xa umntu uzama ukugcina yokuma (uhlala okanye umi), ke ngoko, nakweli mzuzu kumsebenzi eququzelelweyo obuninzi izihlunu. Le ntsebenziswano iphantsi kolawulo engangqalanga iindlela extrapyramidal, ezizezi vestibular-spinal indlela tektospinalnogo phecana iphecana reticulospinal kunye phecana rubrospinalnogo.

Ngokwemiqathango ngendaleko inkqubo extrapyramidal yinkqubo kakhulu umzimba, apho kunzima ukuchaza, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokubandakanyeka iindlela zayo candelo kunye nengxelo iziporo. Nangona kunjalo, kungaba   Yahlulahlulwe yaba kwiinkqubo ezintathu   Ulawulo: indlela cortical ngqo, feedbacks nababonwayo, ezikhalayo, iindlela vestibular.

inkqubo Anatomically extrapyramidal   It iqulathe uluhlu iineuron esikhondweni ebuchotsheni, kuquka ngumongo ebomvu, engasentla amaqhuma quadrigemina, ukwakheka reticular, nucleus vestibular. Ezinkulu axons abayingxenye ebomvu enza iphecana rubrospinalny, ukunceda ukulawula iintshukumo imilenze eliphezulu. nuclei Vestibular ezinxulumene kwindlebe engaphakathi, kwiCerebellum kunye umnqonqo, ngokwenjenjalo kusekwe iphecana vestibular-spinal ukuba nabalawuli postural entanyeni, intloko, umntla omzimba. amaqhuma Upper quadrigemina kwenza tektospinalny phecana kubalulekile ukuba ebonisa iintshukumo intloko namehlo (njengoko Ukuvalwa ijwabu phambi kokuba umzimba langaphandle ungena iliso). Ekugqibeleni, ukwakheka reticular inoxanduva iphecana reticulospinal ababandakanyekayo ukulawula imisipha.

iimeko ezithile okanye izifo ube nefuthe kwinkqubo extrapyramidal, kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka ithoni kwezihlunu, ukuma, ukuphazamiseka reflex. A Inani iimpawu, wathetha ukugula njengoba extrapyramidal, okanye iimpawu extrapyramidal (EPS), waphawula ngenxa iziyobisi neuroleptic ukuba ube nefuthe ngobuchopho kunye iindlela zayo. Antipsychotics zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo zengqondo ezifana schizophrenia, ukuphazamiseka schizoaffective okanye yaphambana ingqondo.

Imizekelo EBL - akinesia, akathisia, torticollis, zeDyskinesia, DYSTONIA. Ngezidubedube extrapyramidal ziquka "umvundla syndrome," abonakala rhoqo iintshukumo ngokuzenzekelayo enesingqi izihlunu perioral, nto leyo ibangwa ukusebenzisa ixesha elide neuroleptics. Esi sifo uqobo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide iziyobisi ezifana haloperidol, pimozide, fluphenazine, olanzopin, clozapine, risperidone. Ngelishwa, akukho lula ukunyangeka. Xa isigulane sidinga amayeza antipsychotic, linokudlulisela antipsychotics Nedlac - kvetialin, remoxipride, ulwamkelo apho kusenokwenzeka kancinci ukuze abe unobangela 'umvundla syndrome ".

Extrapyramidal syndrome ebangela iintshukumo ngokuzenzekelayo izihlunu okanye ziba kobuso kunye nentamo. Yenzeka xa ngokukhutshelwa dopamine neurotransmitter kulawulwa ngokwaneleyo. Umntu ubunzima ukusuka extrapyramidal syndrome ngenxa ufumene ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni unxinzelelo okanye isifo Parkinson, kodwa sizathu ke uxabane amachiza antipsychotic. Unyango kuyimfuneko, kungenjalo mthetho ekuhambeni kwexesha kuba nzima ngakumbi. Unyango idla ijolise ekuchongeni Ngokuphelisa izinto.