Zingaphi amanani Arab ezikhoyo namhlanje. Indaba

Amanani Arabhu, okwabizwa ngokuba Indo-Arabhu yeyona elula, kakuhle ngabo bonke imiqondiso - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 no-9 Oko ke impendulo yombuzo enkulu kangakanani Amanani Arabic khona apho kuya kubakho inombolo ezilishumi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba ukumelwa ixhaphakileyo ifuzisela amanani ehlabathini lonke.

background ukubonakala

usaqala ukwenza inkqubo lwedijithali lwenziwe eBhabhiloni kule nkulungwane BC-2. e., kodwa inkqubo inani wayengekho zero.

Ukuvela Amanani Arabic ezinxulumene nale nkqubo Hindu-Arabic inyumerali, othe apha naphaya yamaPersi esasifudula kumazwe Arabhu. Kukho ubungqina, apho inokubuyiselwa kucingelwa ukuba amanani yokuqala ukuvela kwimimandla esentshona kwe-Arabhu.

Ekwimo yakhe mihla, neenyumerali Arabhu wabonakala North Afrika, bahlukile kwezo zisetyenziswa kwi West. Kwisixeko Beja, nto leyo ifumaneka kumantla Algeria, nzulu esidumileyo Fibonacci wadala inkqubo yedijithali mihla, naye lowo, ababenyuke kunye neenyumerali Arabhu okanye, kunoko, wenza kube lula ukuba popularization yabo. umsebenzi yakhe omangalisayo ukwenzela ukusasazwa kwayo eYurophu kunye baseYurophu, eyayikhuthaza kuzo ehlabathini lonke. Fibonacci ceba Amanani Arabic, nkqu bayazi ukuba kamva ingahlakazeki ehlabathini ehlabathini urhwebo, yazo kunye nekoloniyalizim.

Njani le zero

Bambi kubacacele ukuba zero yinxalenye yenkqubo ngokokuma, kodwa oku akuyonyani, ngenxa yokuba esanda kwimbali yabantu. Kodwa ke eneneni, le phawu ikuyo ukuba lithetha "nto" ayisetyenziswanga eYurophu de ngenkulungwane XII. Kukholelwa ukuba amalinge okuqala sikuhambise nkusungula inkqubo eqinileyo ngokokuma zero kwenziwa eMesopotamiya yamandulo. Ababhali bamaSumeri wasebenzisa ezahlukeneyo kwemifanekiso nemiqondiso, nto leyo imisebenzi yayo lukufuphi kulo mzobo, kwiminyaka engamawaka amane eyadlulayo. Nangona amaxwebhu yokuqala ebhaliweyo malunga inkangeleko yale uphawu umhla leminyaka III-II BC. e. eBhabhiloni. Xa sexagesimal ezithile iinkqubo digital baseBhabhiloni yayikhona isibonakaliso kunceda ukuba sahlule amashumi, amakhulu amawaka, kodwa yena akazange isetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo. E., Eli nani akakafiki ezifunyenwe zonke iimpawu zayo eliphezulu.

inkqubo Hindu-Arabic yesi zavela India malunga 500 AD. Yena waba mbuso ngakumbi, ngenxa yokuba zero kunye nobhalo ngokokuma. Oku inkqubela ebonakalayo xa lwemathematika. Ngoko ke impendulo yombuzo "kangakanani kukho Amanani Arabhu" iye yatshintsha ukususela zero elinye nani ngokupheleleyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha kwinkqubo inani ngokokuma amanani abalaseleyo kunye glyphs, iisimboli, ezisetyenziswa ngobumeli graphic amanani okanye oonobumba. I-entry yokuqala ngohlobo mihla iglif zero ukususela kwinkulungwane IX (kumbindi India). Ezininzi walondoloza copper Indian ukuqinisekisa ubukho umlinganiswa, efanayo umsebenzi zero sele VI. n. e.

Ukuziqhelanisa eYurophu

Amanani Arabhu wabonakala eYurophu ngo-976, kuqinisekiswa Vigilanskim Code.
Ukususela nge 980 kaThixo Orilyaksky Herbert, owathi kamva waba uPope uSylvester II, wanceda ukuze imiphakathi amanani e-Europe. Leonardo Fibonacci, a yezibalo odumileyo evela Pisa, ngubani isafunda Algeria, nayo yafak 'isandla ukusasazeka inkqubo entsha digital, akuba ebhalwe "The Book Abacha."

Amanani kunye nenombolo

Impendulo umbuzo ukuba ingakanani amanani Arab ezikhoyo kwindalo, elula, ekubeni kukho 10 kuphela, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. ulwalamano yamanani kunye amanani Kucacile, ngokuba manani ifuzisela kwidispleyi, kwaye inani ngokwawo - ingqiqo ebonisa inani.

Isizathu sokuba amanani Arabhu zamkelwa eYurophu, nje kuphela kube lula ukusetyenziswa kwawo, kodwa ke imbonakalo umatshini wokushicilela yokuqala, leyo eyamenza bathandwe sele kwinkulungwane XV.

Amanani Arabhu eRussia

notation Slavonic evela Slavonic alfabhethi, eyasetyenziswa kumzantsi kunye nokuxubana mpuma. It eyasetyenziswa de ngenkulungwane XVIII, xa uPetros I bafaka Amanani Arabhu. Hi ndlela leyi, iRashiya iye yaba lelinye lamazwe yokuqala, amiselwe ngokusemthethweni ukusetyenziswa Amanani Arabhu.

Ukushwankathela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba nangona impendulo yalo mbuzo, mangaphi amanani Arab, kukho okwangoku ilula kakhulu, inkqubo digital ngokokuma lifikile indlela ende wesiseko. Ngenxa yoko, abalinganiswa, t. E. I-manani kanye zizazinzulu Indian abemi kuqala wathatha indawo yabo kwinkcubeko Arab, uze kuphela waqalisa ukusasaza kulo lonke ihlabathi ephucukile.

Ukudalwa inkqubo digital uya kukhawulezisa kakhulu kuphuhliso kokubili isayensi nethekhinoloji. Esona sizathu siphambili ekusasazekeni nolwamkelo Amanani Arabhu kwisikeyile samazwe ngamazwe akwenzekanga ukuba imfuduko kunye ukuvela bokushicilela, nto leyo eyenza kwalula ukuba baziqhelanise, nabo nabemi bonke amazwekazi.