Inqwelo enkulu yezothutho yezempi Il-76TD: iimpawu zobugcisa

I-IL-76 yinqwelo-moya yezothutho yezempi, umzekelo oye wabuyela ngaphezu kwekota yeshumi leminyaka. Ngokwakhe, ukuguqulwa okuhlukeneyo, kokubili komkhosi kunye nempi, kwakhiwe. Inqanawa ngokwayo yaguqulwa, amatsha amatsha afakwa, ezikhoyo zandisiwe. Nangona ubudala obukhulu kakhulu, ngesiseko salo mshini, iinguqulelo ezitsha zisaklanywa.

Umzekelo weTD waba ngenye yezi zilungiso. Ilyushin Design Bureau yabonisa ngo-1982, kwiminyaka embalwa emva kokuqala kwemveliso yeprototype. Iimpawu ezimbini kwisihloko zithathwa njenge "uthutho olude". Ezinye iinkcukacha ezahlula le nguqulo ziya kuqwalaselwa ngezantsi.

Imbali yendalo

Phakathi kwee-60 zekhulu lokugqibela i-Ilyushin Design Bureau yafumana umyalelo wokuphuhliswa kweenqwelo-moya. Umsebenzi wenziwa iminyaka emininzi, kwaye wagqiba ekupheleni kwee-70. Ekuqaleni kukaMatshi 1971, inqwelo yokuqala ye-IL-76 yasungulwa emoyeni. Ngomnyaka ofanayo kumboniso womoya eFransi uhanjiswa kuluntu jikelele.

Ngowe-1973, umzekelo uya kwimveliso emininzi. Iimoto zokuqala zahlanganiswa kwipropati yendiza. Chkalov eTashkent. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, ngowe-1976, le moya yamukelwa ngumkhosi. Ukususela kulo mzuzu iTashkent iba ngumenzi oyintloko walo mzekelo. Ngaloo minyaka, imfazwe yavela e-Afghanistan, kwaye ngokutsho kwengcaciso engafanelekanga, i-95% yokuthuthwa kwezothutho kunye nabasebenzi ngexesha lobutshabalalwano lwaphoswa ngqo yi-industry entsha ye-aircraft-IL-76.

Okwangoku, ukuguqulwa kwamanqaku angaphezulu kwale mishini kusekho isiseko sezothutho lwezempi zaseRashiya. Kwaye nangona inqwelo yeenqwelo-moya iyimpahla yeenqwelo - kwimizuzu ye-Afghanistan, yafumana iibhola ezincinci ezingama-23 mm, ezisemsila.

Inkcazelo

Iinqwelo zokuthutha ze-Il-76 zaba yi-moya yokuqala yeSoviet Union, inkqubo yokuqhubela phambili eyayiyi- turbojet engines. Eminye imoto yahlanganiswa ngokomgaqo oqhelekileyo wendiza enkulu: ikhupha amaphiko kunye neyunithi ye-T enomsila kunye ne-keel enye. Isici esicacileyo ukutywinwa ngokugcwele kweenkonzo zombini kunye namacandelo enkunkuma. Kukho iinqwelo ezintathu zokuhamba kwinqwelo, kwelinye lazo ngasemva kwaye ezimbini kwiindawo eziphambili. Eli lungiselelo livumela ukufika ngokuthe ngqo kwiimifudlana ezi-4 (ukutshatyalaliswa kwangaphambili kweengcango ezininzi), kodwa ekusebenzeni oku akuzange kwenziwe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhla kwamanzi kwahlulwa kuphela kwiintshontsho zangaphambili, ngelixa isemva kunye noncedo lweparachuts zenze izixhobo ezinzima.

Ngelo xesha, njengawo nawuphi na uhlobo lweenqwelo, i-IL-76TD inezixhobo ezikhethekileyo, ezikwimitha emibini, ezine ezinezixhobo zombane kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, iinqununu ezininzi zempahla. Ukuyila kwe-hatch yangemuva iyimilinganiselo, kunye neengcango ezintathu, ezimbini zivulekileyo kumacala, kwaye i-central central iyacima phantsi, yenzele uhlobo lokulinganisa ukungena okanye ukungena. Ukongezelela, kwimithwalo yemithwalo ikhona imizila emininzi yokuqhubela phambili ukuququzelela ukuhamba kwezitsha ezinkulu.

Inqwelo-moya ineenjini ezi-4 ezinamandla, zifakwa kwiipylon phantsi kwamaphiko. Xa ibonwa ukusuka phambili okanye ukusuka phezulu, kucacile ukuba amaphiko angaphezulu kwefuselage, ngohlobo lweprotuberance, ehambisana nephambili (malunga nezantsi ngaphantsi) luphawu oluphawulekayo lwalo mfanekiso, olukhoyo kwiinguqulelo zalo, kubandakanywa inguqulelo ye-IL-76TD. Inkqubo enamandla yesikhokhelo, ehlelwe ngokwesikimu se-five point (4 phantsi kwamaphiko, 1 ngaphantsi kwempumlo), ivumela ukuba kungabikho kuphela kwiindawo zokukhonkxa, kodwa nakwi-primer.

Ulungiso

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokuguqulwa, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba imodeli echazwe ngathi yazalwa ngaphambili kwimpilo yangempela kunamaphepha. Ekuqaleni, ezi ncwadi zafumana inqwelo yezempi eyayinama-fuel tank, kunye neenjini ezintsha. Emva koko, emva kwexesha elithile, xa abaqulunqi beqala ukwenza iinguqulelo zomphakathi, enye yezinto ezahlukileyo zifumana igama elidala.

• I-IL-76 yinqwelo-moya yezothutho. Yasebenza njengomboniso wechungechunge lwamaloli alandelayo.
• IL-76T - kule nguqulelo yongezelela itanki elongezelelweyo. Olu hlobo lube luvavanyo, kodwa ukukhutshwa kwamafutha okunyuka kunokwandisa kakhulu udidi lweendiza.
• IL-76TD - ifumaneka ngeenjini ze-turbofan D-30KP-1. Kwezinye iimeko uphinda uphuhliso lwangaphambilini.
• I-IL-76TDP - iphinda iphinda iphinde ihlaziywe ngaphambili. Isicelo esona sikhulu ukucinywa kwemililo yasehlathini, apho imithwalo yempahla ithintela ngokutsha kwaye inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi ifakwe.
• A-50 - isiseko solu phuhliso ngumfanekiso ofanayo kunye netanki elongezelelweyo. Inqwelo yayixhotywe kwinkqubo ye-DRLO (ukufunyanwa kunye nokulawulwa kwe-radar ixesha elide).
• I-IL-76M ingumxholo odibeneyo ngakumbi kwi-Air Force. Inxalenye yezobugcisa iphinda iphinda inguqu ye-T, kodwa ine-armon ye-cannon, kunye nekhono le-A-50.
• IL 76MD - inketho yempi ngaphezu kwe-TD ebonisiweyo. Iinjongo ezintsha kunye nempi "yokugaya". Unokuthutha iitanks eziphakathi okanye iinqwelo zempi zabantu abangaba ngu-200.
• IL-76LL - le ngqungquthela yahlanganiswa kwiikopi enye kunye nebhubhoratri ehambahambayo yokuphuhlisa nokuvavanya iinjine ezintsha. Abathengi ngokwabo babe ngabaphuhlisi be-Ilyushin Design Bureau.
• I-IL-78 yinqwelo yamanzi. Ubuncinane bomda, umthwalo omncinci. Amanki amabini amafutha.
• I-Adman1 - inguqu A-50, eqokelelwa kwi-Air Force yase-Iraq. Unayo i radar eyongezelelweyo.
• Adman2 - oomatshini bathunyelwe kwi-Air Force ye-Iraqi. Le moya yayiqhubekile ekulawuleni nasekukhokelweni kwabadlali.

Uphuhliso olungaqhelekanga

Ukongeza kwinguqulelo yeLL, eyadalwe kubaphuhlisi, ikhuphe ezinye ezininzi ezingafaniyo. Ngokutsho kwengcaciso engafanelekanga, bekho kwiikopi ze-1-2 kwaye abazange bamkele i-symbol yabo-igama ledijithali. Njengomboniselo kubo bonke abakhonza njenge-IL-76T - inqwelo-moya enexabiso lokunyuka kwamafutha. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho isibhedlele esivuthayo, umphathi wezixhobo ze- laser kunye ne-simorator-gravity simulator eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo abaqambi.

Ukuphakamisa amandla

Xa kuphuhliswa nayiphi na inqwelo-moya yanamhlanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni, abaqulunqi kufuneka baqwalasele inkoliso yeemimiselo zangaphandle kunye zangaphakathi, ngaphandle koko umkhombe awuyi kukwazi ukunyuka emoyeni. Xa uphuhliso lugqityiwe kwaye imveliso emininzi iqaliswe, abathengi bee-airline baya kuqwalasela ezinye iipropati, kodwa enye yazo iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabaqulunqi kunye nabathwali.

Eli likhulu lokuphatha. I-IL-76TD ngexesha lokuphuculwa kwamanani amaninzi lakwazi ukuqhuba ixesha eliphindwe kwisiqingatha ngaphezu kweprototype yalo. Iimoto zokuqala zinomlinganiselo weetoni ezingama-28. Uphuhliso olutshanje - 42, kunye neenguqulelo ezintsha-ukuya kuma-toni angama-60.

Abadlali

Njengenqwelo-moya yaseSoviet enkulu, le moya yafumana i-circular glazing in bow. Ingxenye ephezulu, apho ulawulo oluphambili lukhona khona, kunye nendawo engezantsi - ikhampasi yokuhamba. Abasebenzi be-IL-76TD babenabantu aba-5. Lo ngumqhubi wokuqala (aka FAC), umqhubi-mlingani, umqhubi wendiza kunye nomqhubi we-othotho. Kwaye kwinqanaba lalisendleleni yokuhamba. Iiplanethi zokuqala kunye neenguqu ezempi zempi zinamanye amabini kwi-crew - ezi zii-arrow. Yona ikhampasi yokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya ezibangelwa ukubonakala okungaqhelekanga kwesaphetha.

Refueling

Ukukhankanywa okhethekileyo kufanelwe inkqubo yombane. Kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lomntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inani leenjini, kukho ezimbini, ngamanye amaxesha amatanki amathathu. Umyalelo weenkonzo zobugcisa obuqhelekileyo IL-76TD ichaza iitank 12 zihlukaniswe zibe ngamacandelo amane (ngamanani amabhasi). Kulowo nalowo kukho kusekho ukwahlula kwiitanki eziphambili, ezongezelelweyo kunye nezindleko. Ngaloo ndlela, umqhubi unesimo esaneleyo sokulawula ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli kwaye unokuphendula ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwiimeko apho zingalindelekanga. Umthamo ogcweleyo wonke amatanki udlula uphawu lwama-100 elitha lamafutha.

Impawu

Sihlolisise iiparitha nganye zeenqwelo ze-Il-76TD. Iinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe zishwankathelwa uluhlu olubanzi.

Xa sicinga ukuba iindiza ezininzi sele ziqhutywe ngaphezu kwekota yeshumi leminyaka, masiqale ngethuba leenkonzo ezivakaliswe ngabaphuhlisi iminyaka engama-30. Enyanisweni, kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba utshintsho olutsha luya kumgca wendibano, kungekhona kwiTashkent, ngoku ixutywa ngaphesheya kwelizwe, kodwa e-Ulyanovsk.

• Iphiko lephiko li-50 m.
• Ummandla wephiko ngowama 300 square metres. M.
• Ubungakanani beenqwelo-moya ngu-46.5 m, iteksi yokuthutha i-24.5 m.
• Ukuphakama (kwi-keel) ngu-14.7 m; I-cabgo yeCargo - 3.4 m.
• Ububanzi - 3, 45 (indawo yesithuthi).
• Umthamo u-321 cubic metres. M.

Qaphela ukuba i-fuselage kwicandelo ibonisa isangqa esilungileyo, kwakhona kufuneka kuthiwe kwinqwelo-ndlela kukho ukufaka ikampu yesibini, ngelixa ubude bekhenkethi yezinto zintenganiselo, kodwa kunciphisa.

Idatha yoLwazi:

• Isisindo esincinci sokuthatha isisitori esingama-88, ubuninzi - 210.
• Isantya sokuhamba ngesiza - 800 km / h, ubuninzi - 850.
• Uluhlu lwendiza luyi-4 000 km, ubuninzi be-6 000.
• Uluhlu olusebenzayo - 12 000 m.
• Isivinini sokuhamba sisingu-210 km / h.
• Ubungakanani bomgwaqo wokukhutshwa (mini) ngowama-850 m, ukufika kwe-450 m.
• Ii-Engines - 4 (i-TVD D-30KP-2).
• Amandla okulandelela - 12 000 kgf nganye.
• Amafutha kuwo onke amatanki ayi-109.5 ilitha.

Ukunqandwa kweenqwelo

Ukuqala kwekhulu elitsha kwaphawulwa ngumnyama omnyama ekuphuhlisweni komzekelo we-76. Ngo-2000, i-ICAO (intlangano yamazwe ngamazwe ejongene nayo yonke inqwelomoya) yathintela iimfuno zeenqwelo zanamhlanje. Imoto engazange ihlangabezane nemigangatho emitsha, iinqwelo-moya zaseYurophu, eMntla Melika, eJapan kunye nase-Australia zivaliwe. Izikhalazo eziphambili ngokubhekiselele kwi-IL-76 zazingxolo kunye nokungcola komoya.

Isiphumo sesixhobo sokuhlaziya sasinguye inguqulelo, eyongezelela kwisalathiso esisiseko se-90VD. Iindiza zeklasi entsha zihamba ngeenxa zonke kwihlabathi ngaphandle kwemingcele, ukuhambisa imithwalo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yeplanethi.

Okwangoku

Ukususela ekuqaleni kokususwa, i-76 yasebenza kwi-Union Air Force iminyaka eyi-15 kwaye iyaqhubeka nokukhonza amazwe aseCIS. Iinguqulelo ezintsha ziseRussia, eUkraine, eBelarus nakwamanye amazwe. Iimoto eziliqela eziliqela zahlanganiselwa ukuthumela ngaphandle. Ukongezelela kumkhosi, ungabiza izakhiwo ezininzi ezisebenzisa i-IL-76TD namhlanje. Ubulungiseleli boMmandla obangxamisekileyo, iinkonzo zokuhlangula, ii-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho, kunye nezinye iinqwelo-moya ezihamba ngokuthuthwa kwempahla kuphela. Kukho ukwenziwa okungahambelaniyo: I-124 iyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, enye ye-747 "Boeing" iyona ende kakhulu, kwaye i-IL-76 iyona nto ininzi.

Isiphelo

I-IL-76TD yinqwelo yeenqwelo zomhlaba, engaziwa ngokuba yi-Antonov, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yamathuba okufika kumhlaba womhlaba kunye kunye nekhonkrithi, iye yanda ngokufanayo. Naphezu kwexesha elidlula ixesha elihloniphekileyo, lo mzekelo wakhonza kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba ngumboniso omtsha, uninzi namhlanje, kodwa ungalahlekelwa yimbonakalo enhle yeemoto eziqhelekileyo kunye nempi.