InterContinental Drake Passage - lo lexinene ngokubanzi ehlabathini

Sir Frensis Dreyk, emva kwabangalungiselwanga igama lexinene kakhulu ehlabathini, kwaba an lucky emangalisayo. Yena bamazwe enkulu, Pirate yokwenene kunye wamazwe. Drake wakwazi ukufumana ilungelo ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo ukuya privateering ezandleni Elizabeth - iKumkanikazi of England, yaye kamva wawongwa ngesiqu inkonzo yakhe egameni iBritani yaba nosekela-gosa.

Njengoko Frensis Dreyk wavula lexinene kakhulu kwi planethi?

Ngo-1578 inqanawa Drake uleqa yi ngamaza olwandle ngexesha isaqhwithi esikhulu. Injongo yokuhamba yaba iStrait of Magellan, kodwa ukusuka kwindalo waba nezinye izicwangciso. Storm Isichotho ubunzima inqanawa Pirate elwandle evulekileyo, ezidlulileyo indawo apho wayeza ukwenza umjikelo ihlabathi abasemkhombeni emva koko. Nangona eneneni olu hambo ayihlasela yokuphanga phezu amathanga iSpanish kunxweme wePasifiki.

I enkulu ezifunyaniswe geographical akholisa ukubakho engathandi, ubukhulu becala efuna ubutyebi ezininzi, amatye anqabileyo namatye, ngokunjalo labour amakhoboka okuluncuthu aphesheya. Ngaloo ndlela wavula Strait olubanzi enjalo, ogama wokuwonga elaa P ibhaso ngembasa.

omunye umkhumbi amathandathu kuphela ikwazile ukuba size lokusinda inqanawa ebizwa ngokuba "Pelican" bahlehla esinga kwelasezantsi ngqo kwi-Pacific Ocean. Kumsitho usindiso Drake walitshintsha igama isitya kwi "Golden Hind", yaye bafika ngokukhuselekileyo emva ukuphanga kunye iyanyuka obenziwa kwi kunxweme wePasifiki, luzele ezithwele ubuncwane.

Drake Passage: inkcazelo emfutshane

Lexinene inxulumanisa amanzi Atlantic kunye wePasifiki, yaye zonke iimaphu eyaziwa ngokuba Drake Passage. Xa ububanzi lufikelela 820 km (kwaye kwindawo kwaza), kwezinye iindawo ebhalwe umgama ka 1120 km. Xa kuthelekiswa ububanzi nobude strait isuntswana eqhelekileyo ngakumbi kwaye 460 km. Ubunzulu yahluka ukusuka kwiimitha 276 ukuya 5250.

Umda Strait ngokuqhelekileyo elisukela Horn ephathelele Tierra emhlabeni nekhephu kwisiqithi (South Shetland Islands) onxulumene Antarctica. Kufutshane eli lizwekazi ebandayo kuchaphazela iimpawu zemozulu. Ehlotyeni iqondo lobushushu amanzi lingaphumi 6 ngasentla ° C, kanti Ebusika imalunga 3 ° C. Oku kuthetha ukuba abandezelekile olubanzi kuhlala iinqanawa kangangonyaka, ekubeni ngumkhenkce akukho ngaphezu kwama-25%.

Drake Passage: amasiko nezithethe

Nge Drake Passage kunye kwisiqithi Horn zibandakanya ezinye izithethe namasiko phakathi oomatiloshe. Eyona ethandwayo kubo umyalelo ukumkanikazi IsiNgesi, ekuthe emva ekulweni ngempumelelo kuqala le ndlela oomatiloshe wayekholose ijikazi ezenziwe ngobhedu, emva yesibini - ukusuka isilivere, kwaye ukuba lexinene yoyiswa izihlandlo ezithathu indlebe esasihamba sele enxibe amacici egolide. Kunye amalungelo amaninzi, nto leyo wabanika igunya lokuba isiselo simahla, nabo yaziwa ngokuba "iingcuka ulwandle", nto leyo kwakujongwa kakhulu eziphezulu ngelo xesha.

Ukususela ngoko, umqobo amanzi iye yasuswa ngaphezu amaxesha kweshumi. Umzekelo, edume umhambi Russian Fyodor Konyukhov ngokukhuselekileyo sawela lommandla ngozi kangangoko izihlandlo ezi-6, owokugqibela awawenzayo ngo-2010. Emva amasiko yamandulo, bekuya kuba kulokhu amacici 2 egolide, kunye ngesiqu.

isithintelo obungena amanzi

Ngexesha ezifunyaniswe iinqanawa Enkulu, ubambe indlela yayo ukusuka Pacific ukuya Atlantic, oko kwakufuneka soyise ngokuphindaphindiweyo abandezelekile ngokubanzi ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha oomatiloshe zazisoloko ibalwe iingozi, ekubeni le isithintelo singanyangekiyo yamanzi kunikwa zonke emazinyweni. Nanamhla oku, usiya nge lexinene kuqikelelwa njengoko kokoyiswa yeNtaba Chomolungma.

Ebanzi planet Strait uyingozi kakhulu kwaye ivaleke. Endleleni kukho rhoqo kwazo omkhulu, whirlpools, maxa wambi kukho izaqhwithi nanto ngamaza ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15, kwaye isiganeko ngumoya ukuya kwiindawo kwiimitha 35 ngomzuzwana. Ubunzima ekudluliseleni i-Strait kwakhona ngenxa anamandla.

Nangona Drake Passage - lo lexinene ububanzi, le yebhotile ye-Southern Ocean. Ukususela ngo-1993, uphando rhoqo lwenziwe, kwaye zenziwe imilinganiselo, kususela umda phakathi iilwandlekazi ezimbini mkhulu indawo ebalulekileyo izifundo ezinamanzi ze-Antarctic Circumpolar Current.