Iintlobo, iintlobo nemizekelo izenzi

Zenzi kwizindululo ezininzi ulwimi Russian. Olu hlobo myalezo malunga kwisifundo izenzo zentetho. AN uTolstoy wayesithi ukuba ukukhetha isenzi ekunene - ngoko ayinike kudlule.

Hayi ukuba into 'isenzi' ookhokho bethu ngokuba oko, umgaqo, eli gama linye evakalayo kwi Dal kwisichazi-magama. Imizekelo kwezenzi, ukusetyenziswa, hlalutya utshintsho kweli nqaku.

Isenzi njengenxalenye kwintetho

Inxalenye intetho ebonisa inyathelo kwaye uphendula umbuzo othi "yintoni ntoni?" "Kufuneka wenze ntoni?" - oku isenzi. Ephathelele abahlukene zentetho, oko kumiselwa intsingiselo iyonke zegrama. Isenzo isenzi. Nangona kunjalo, le yinxalenye ukuthetha neentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo.

1. Nawuphi na umsebenzi wezandla: cut, lomnqweno yimfumba, ukuluka.
2. Ngokwasengqondweni okanye ngomlomo Umsebenzi: Phaphani, intetho, ucinga.
3. Ukuhambisa into isithuba: ukubhabha, baleka, uhlale phantsi.
4. Imeko isifundo: ukuzonda, ukuba buhlungu, ukuba balale.
5. Imo indalo: ebandayo, yovalo, Evening.

iimpawu Morphological and syntactic

Njengoko abalinganiswa morphological - yonke kunokwenzeka iintlobo isenzi. Imizekelo uhlaziye iinkcukacha kamva, kodwa ngoku, bhala nje. Mood, umntu, ixesha, inani, reflexivity, uhlobo, iintlobo, kunye conjugation.

Njengoko ngokuba indima syntactic isoloko isetyenziswa njengesivisa isenzi, yena kunye nesifundo iifomu Isimaphambili okanye isiseko zegrama. Kwesenzi kwisivakalisi ungadluliselwa. Lo msebenzi wenziwa sisibizo okanye i isandiso.

esithi

isenzi ngalinye ifomu sokuqala, ibizwa ngokuba le nethi. Imibuzo babuzwa oku kulandelayo: "Yintoni ntoni?" "Kufuneka wenze ntoni?". Imizekelo izenzi ezingacacanga: ukufundisa, ukutsala (ntoni?), Funda, zoba (ntoni?).

Esi senzi aliguqukanga, asichazi ixesha ubuso bakhe kunye nenani - ingakumbi amanyathelo. Makhe sithelekise imizekelo emibini: "Ndiza ukusebenza kwi elithile" - "Ukuze ukusebenza umntu kufuneka aphile." Kulo mzekelo yokuqala, isenzi ibonisa ukuba isenzo kwenzeka ngexesha lenene, kwaye umenzi kuyo isithethi ngokwakhe (isimelabizo somntu, "Mna" ibonisa umntu iiyunithi 1. H.). Kule yesibini yayimisela isenzo, ngokomgaqo, ngaphandle ecacisa inani kunye umntu.

Phakathi izazinzulu ngeelwimi kusekho ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokuba yintoni kanye le -t (TI) loMthetho nethi: isimamva okanye nesiphelo. Sivumelana ngayo kweli nqaku nomntu ibekwe kuyo flexion. Ukuba isenzi iphela kwi -ch (flow, eziko, aqhumisele), kucace yinxalenye ingcambu. Khumbula ukuba ukutshintsha igama kunokwenzeka alternation: eziko-wapheka; -Nokuphuma livuza; zhech-Ndiza uvutha.

Esithi bangenza zombini njengesivisa, kunye nendima isifundo: ". Funda - kakhulu ukwazi ' Apha isenzi yokuqala "funda" - mba, lo ungowesibini, ukuba "uyazi" - vavisa. Hi ndlela leyi, iimeko ezinjalo ifuna ingxelo yamanqaku ezizodwa zeziphumlisi - isikhewu.

Forms yesenzi

senzi umiselwa mbuzo, apho nguye onoxanduva. Ngolwimi Russian kukho abangafezekanga (ukuba wenze ntoni ukwenza ntoni? Wenza ntoni?) Yaye ogqibeleleyo (yintoni? Ukwenza? Endiyenzileyo?) Iintlobo yezenzi. Imizekelo: intetho, intetho, intetho - abangafezekanga; bathi nithi nithi - ogqibeleleyo. Iindlela intsingiselo yesenzi ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, lo ongafezekanga kubonisa ixesha elithile, repeatability yayo. Umzekelo: Ukubhala - yokubhala. Intshukumo sele ubude bexesha. Ufana isenzi intsingiselo ifomu ogqibeleleyo: bhala - bhala - bhala. Khankanya ukuba isenzo igqityiwe, isiphathele yoko. Ezi zenzi ukuchaza inyathelo elinye (shoot).

form mood

Ukutshintsha izenzi notyekelo. Kukho ezintathu kuphela: esinemiqathango (esimo), abonakalisa kunye kunyanzelekile.

Ukuba sithethe mood olubonakalisiweyo, ivumela isivisa kuba ngokohlobo kwexesha, umntu kunye nenombolo. Imizekelo yalo isenzi mood: "Siya kwenza le lomnqweno yimfumba," (ngoku) - "Siza kwenza le lomnqweno yimfumba" (elizayo) - "Siye isiqulunqile esi lomnqweno yimfumba" (ixesha elidlulileyo). Okanye abantu, "Mna lo lomnqweno yimfumba" (1 Umntu) - "Wena wenza oku lomnqweno yimfumba" (2 Umntu) - "Anne wenza oku lomnqweno yimfumba" (umntu-3).

Ukuze enze izenzo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zibonisa izenzi esimo. Le fom abunjwe ngokudibanisa kwixesha sadlula ye kwisuntswana "kwi" ( "b"), nto leyo lisoloko kubhaliweyo ngokwahlukeneyo. izivisa Ezo ayahluka umntu kunye nenombolo. Udidi khange igqitywe. Imizekelo kwezenzi: "Siye sagqiba ukuba le ngxaki ngoncedo utitshala" (isininzi, 1 Umntu ..) - "Ndiya kuwenza lo lomnqweno yimfumba encediswa ngutitshala" (U h, 1 Umntu ..) - "Anna iya kuveliswa le lomnqweno yimfumba nge encediswa ngutitshala "(U h, 3 umntu ..) -" ayazi ukuba wenza le lomnqweno yimfumba encediswa ngutitshala "(isininzi, umntu 3 ..).

Ukuthetha ikhuthaza nasiphi na isenzo kwisenzi kunyanzelekile. Ukuthintela intshukumo, izenzi kunyanzelekile nazo kusetyenziswa. Imizekelo: "Musa ukumngxolisa kum!" (Ban) - "Hlamba izandla zakho phambi kokuba utye!" (Inkuthazo) - "Nceda ubhale unobumba" (nceda). Makhe iinkcukacha umzekelo yakutshanje. Ukunika ilizwi lakhe lwezikhalazo ngentlonelo, ukuba isenzi kunyanzelekile ukuba ukongeza igama elithi "nceda" ( "nceda", "ukuba nceda").

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba izenzi kubalulekile eziphela umqondiso ethambileyo, apho igcinwa nabo anesandi u-xia, kunye -te. Lo mthetho uye umnyinyiva - isenzi 'ubuxoki "(ubuxoki - kulala phantsi - kulala phantsi).

Udidi ixesha

Tholo yayizezona yesenzi ngelo xesha - ezo ezibonisa ixesha elo; elidlulileyo (ebizwa), langoku (call), ikamva (uya kubiza).

ixesha elidlulileyo ithetha ukuba ngexesha ukuthetha intshukumo sele sigqityiwe. Umzekelo: 'Ndithenge kulo isinxibo kunyaka ophelileyo. " Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zenzi kwakheka nge -l- isimamva idityaniswe nethi isiseko: ukubhabha - wayithenga. Ezi izivisa ziyahluka amanani kunye neeyunithi. kubandakanywa - bakushiye. imilo Ubuso ayimiselwanga.

Ixesha langoku obonakaliswa kuphela ukuba imbonakalo ongafezekanga. Ukuba ifomu yalo, kufuneka ufake i neziphelo zobuqu yezenzi. Imizekelo: My - uhlambe - uhlambe - Ukuhlamba - yam.

Uhlobo izenzi ezikwixesha elizayo kunokuba zombini iintlobo, ogqibeleleyo yaye engafezekanga. Ivela kwiintlobo ezimbini: alula nanzima. Uphawu lokuqala kwezenzi perfective: ukwakha, Iglu, asarhiweyo, njl Izenzi elizayo Ifom imperfective ezintsonkothileyo. Thelekisa: ndiya kulakhela, uya iglu, uya kunqunyulwa. Ngoko ke, le fomu ukhandwa isenzi 'ukuba "abaqalise phambili elula nethi.

Izenzi langoku ixesha elizayo abe umntu kunye nenombolo. Sithetha ngayo apha ngezantsi.

Person nenombolo

Ukuba isenzi na umntu wokuqala, loo nto ibonisa ukuba sibangela isithethi ngokwakhe. Umzekelo: "Mna imimoya yonke imihla, ahlambe emanzini obandayo futhi ucoca nekhephu."

Into yokuba isenzo kuthatha isithethi interlocutor, siza kukuxelela umntu wesibini yesenzi. Umzekelo: "Uyazi kangakanani liya kuba amabini anamanci mabini." Izenzi imilo enye babe ingqiqo generic ukubhekisela nezenzo ziqhelekile nawuphi na umntu. Amaninzi ingafunyanwa kwiMizekeliso: "Xa rotok engaqhelekanga hayi nakinesh eqhiyeni." Ukwahlula ezi zindululo ilula: zisoloko kwisifundo abangekhoyo.

Izenzi umntu wesithathu eveza isenzo eyenziweyo okanye wavelisa isifundo lothethayo. "Lermontov eyedwa bonke ubomi bakhe. ' - "The inkanyamba ibe namandla kangangokuba imithi ngenkulungwane ubudala baphikele ngathi amasetyana."

Ukuze umntu ngamnye kule isinye okanye isininzi uphawu kwizenzi ezithile ophela. Imizekelo: "Mna ukubhabha" - "Thina ukubhabha" - "Wena ukubhabha" - "Wena ukubhabha" - "It (yena, oko) iimpukane" - "bee".

Conjugation neziphelo kwisenzi lobuqu

Conjugation yesenzi - fomu, nto leyo ithetha lutshintsho umntu kunye nenombolo. Yinyani na zonke izivisa, kodwa kuphela abo kwi mood olubonakalisiweyo, ngoku okanye kwixesha elizayo ixesha. Xa zizonke, kukho conjugations ezimbini. Bonisa kubo itafile.

izenzi engenabuntu

izenzi Personal, imizekelo apho siye saxubusha ngasentla - hayi kuphela ngolwimi Russian. Bona umelana ngabo ujonge isenzo ngaphandle omdlali. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba - engenabuntu. Ukuba zange kufuneka ukuba, kwisivakalisi, bakhonza njengesivisa. Ezi zenzi abanayo inani eliphunguliweyo lweendidi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba uyicacisile ixesha ngqo, langoku nelizayo. Umzekelo: (. Ixesha langoku) "awubandi" - "Ebusuku emkhenkceni ngakumbi" (Ikamva), "ukufumana ebusuku kubanda emkhenkceni ngakumbi." (Ezidlulileyo).