Irrigation - ntoni oko? Benefits Irrigation umhlaba

emasimini Irrigation - yenye yeemeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ukuchuma. Ukubonelela izityalo ulwelo kuchaphazela yokugqitha kubo himprotsessy, umoya kunye nobushushu iimeko, ukusebenza kwinqanaba eziphilayo zomhlaba.

Lo mcimbi, leyo ugqiba imibuzo yonikezelo kunye nokusasazwa ulwelo kwi emasimini baboniswa yeemeko zembalela zendalo, ekuthiwa ukunkcenkceshela ezolimo. Le nkcazo ivumela ukuba siqonde intsingiselo nenjongo inkqubo echazwe kwezesayensi yezolimo.

Iindlela zokunkcenkceshela yokulima

Lokunikezela fluid iindlela imihlaba emikhulu yezolimo kusetyenziswa:

• ngokuzifefa;
• irrigation komhlaba;
• drip irrigation;
• ehamba zokunkcenkceshela.

zokutshiza

Zokuchela zokunkcenkceshela - indlela lokunkcenkceshela phambi zezityalo abe inkqubo iingcambu nzulu, ibonelela ngendlela ezenzekelayo ukusasaza ulwelo. Wenza imithamo imvula iseti ngumntu indlela yamanzi. Kule ndlela isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo nezichumiso, leyo enyibilikayo emanzini kunye dezinsektanty (izinto ezifanelekileyo ulawulo lwezinambuzane). zokunkcenkceshela zokuchela zicacisa, yena, ukuba:

• zokunkcenkceshela idaleka - ukunkcenkceshela ukuba umhlaba imiqulu ezincinane,
• irrigation mnene;
• ngokubonelela ngeemeko ukufuma pripochvennogo umaleko komoya.

Le ndlela busetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ulophu ezingazinzanga, ukuba kukho ubunzima kwendawo, kwakunye nokuma eliphezulu komhlaba.

drip irrigation

Le ndlela ilandelayo - drip irrigation. Le yamanzi, nto leyo evumela ulwelo ukungena nzulu ngokwaneleyo emhlabeni ukungena kunye isichumiso kwinkqubo ingcambu yezityalo. Inika iiseti nezihlandlo yamanzi. Icala esihle inkqubo echazwe ukhonza rhizosphere ukutya. Flow rate, amandla kunye sichumisi amaxesha malunga ezimbini ukuya ezintlanu ezincinane kwe ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa xa inkqubo nisela. Kulo mzekelo, unikezelo lwamanzi kwenkcubeko bamthwala indlela okungeyongozi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Lusetyenziswa phambi ezintsonkothileyo kwendawo, nto leyo ixhomekeke kukungabikho akvabalans, apho kukho permeability amanzi phezulu kakhulu. Le ndlela ithandwa inkqubo yemveliso zokunkcenkceshela isidiliya, berry, izitiya zemifuno kunye nemithi yeziqhamo.

irrigation ehamba

Ehamba zokunkcenkceshela - indlela ukuliphuphumalisa inkqubo ingcambu yezityalo. ubonelelo lwamanzi yezityalo wenziwe kuzo izinto ongaphantsi ekhethekileyo, oko kudala iimeko zivuma yokubonelela phambili esineengcambu fluid, okanye izondlo eziyimfuneko izityalo. Abaxhamla kule nqubo zezi:

• ke imishini ngokupheleleyo;
• indalo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-looseness umhlaba;
• i unikezelo kwamanzi ngendlela efanelekileyo;
• nangoncedo inkqubo yingcambu yazo zonke ezifunekayo izondlo kukuhluma okuqhelekileyo.

Sebenzisa i yamanzi kummandla apho umhlaba uye capillary conductivity ephakamileyo, akukho close umgama bezimbiwa komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, amasimi zokunkcenkceshela ehamba - oku kwivenkile elimangalisayo emasimini, kodwa ufuna ezinye mali.

irrigation komhlaba

umhlaba zokunkcenkceshela Surface - inkqubo apho ulwelo buzinze ngaphezu komhlaba. Le ndlela unkcenkceshelo ihlelwa le iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela zilandelayo:

• nge umthamo omkhulu wamanzi (izikhukula);
• ngokusebenzisa vee;
• usebenzisa umlomo Babler okhethekileyo;
• usebenzisa umthamo elincinane wamanzi (okanye microcavity). Le ukunkcenkceshelwa - yeyona nenoqoqosho zikhona.

Xa becwangcisa inkqubo yonkcenkceshelo, kubalulekile ukubonelela ukuba imithamo amanzi zokunkcenkceshela yimiyalezo nezincinane olungasebenziyo, musa ukunika umhlaba ngokwaneleyo ukufuma. Ukungabikho ulwelo emhlabeni kudala ukungalingani ukugogeka beemolekyuli amanzi, nto leyo ilungelelane asanelanga ukufuma, yaye oku, kuya kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni izihluma. humidification Best aokusetyenziswa kwimeko ndlela abanobuchule kucwangciso kwesixhobo sokunkcenkceshela. Ukuphumeza amanzi ukugeleza oluchanekileyo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ubume bomhlaba, amanzi-akubonakali Isalathisi, imichiza ukubunjwa, isalathiso yayo ubushushu kunye nomoya.

Irrigation of yokulima: Indlela

Ukudala ukufuma komhlaba esihle sexesha lokukhula, okt, emva kokuba imo kokuba ebekhe wazifihla umiselwa ngenxa yamanzi ekhethekileyo, oko kukuthi yintlanganisela zizathu: ubungakanani, ixesha kunye imiqulu bolwelo. Yena kufuneka udale kumhlaba eziyimfuneko hydro inkcubeko ezifanelekileyo kwiimeko ezithile zemozulu kunye neenjongo kwezoqoqosho. Le nkqubo ifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo neemfuno yamanyathelo agro-technical.

Irrigation ulawulo nayiphi na inkcubeko kwiimeko agro-zemozulu ezithile kufuneka ithobele ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

1. imfuno yamanzi izityalo ezithile ngexesha kuphuhliso lwabo, kwaye ngokumalunga iziqhamo kwaye afumane izivuno eziphezulu kwi agrotechnics ezithile ezikhatshwa izichumisi ngamaxesha athile.
2. Ukuphunyezwa ulawulo ngqo amanzi, zizondlo, ityuwa kunye amaqondo obushushu bomhlaba kolawulo.
3. Ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba, abenza inadmissibility, izikhukula ngokugqithisileyo, oko kukuthi zokuxinana kwamanzi kunye etyuwa lomhlaba.
4. Lo mbutho echanekileyo emigudwini, leyo kukwenze ukwandisa imveliso iindlela esizisebenzelayo ebolekiweyo.
5. Akhawuntingi utshintsho kwimozulu iimeko, kwezoqoqosho agronomic ukuthintela ukuhla okubonakalayo data kunye eyahlukileyo ngamaxesha kulo.

Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukufumanisa indlela unkcenkceshelo kwenkcubeko elithile kuyimfuneko ukwazi ngumthamo opheleleyo amanzi okunkcenkceshela, nto kubalulekile ukuba izityalo ngexesha ikhula kwi ubuchule agronomic iinjongo (okanye ezindala) kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Le umthamo wamanzi na kumiselwa ngokwale ekuhlalutyeni imozulu, umhlaba kunye nezinye iimeko ezithile.

Impembelelo unkcenkceshelo kwiinkqubo ehamba

Guqulela ukusuka ezondliwa ukuya onkcenkceshelwayo umsebenzi entsimini kudala nempembelelo enkulu kumhlaba njenge umhlaba ngokwasemzimbeni utshintshwano karhulumente, ukwakheka ityuwa, nomoya kunye nobushushu neempawu zayo, iikhemikhali kunye neenkqubo intrasoil yebhaktiriya Ukuqokelela izinga ukubola lomhlaba into ephilayo.

Ndiwenza manzi lomhlaba - indlela yokuba kunempembelelo entle ngokwakheka komhlaba, ekhokelela ukuhla ukuqina kwayo xa elima, inikeza zivuthwe emzimbeni. Ngexesha lokulungiswa yenkqubo awohloka umhlaba onjalo ikufanele ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziba ngcono.

amanzi Irrigation kuzisa isixa esithile aludongwe karhulumente turbid apho ezifakwe phezu kwentsimi njengoko yodaka ochumileyo. Emva kwexesha ngokwaneleyo elide kwale maleko ifikelela zokunkcenkceshela kwinqanaba okuqinileyo. Ngaloo ndlela, umhlaba omtsha.

Irrigation inika iimeko ezingcono ezincane intrasoil. Kwimeko iinkqubo ngeentsholongwane (nitrification) isebenze obuyimfuneko bolawulo ukufuma komhlaba. Le-thaskbha kuba nempembelelo enkulu phezu iibhaktheriya eziguqula, leyo akhiwa kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu phezu kweengcambu zilegumes.