Isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi ngamathambo abantu. Isakhiwo asemzimbeni

umfanekiso Amathambo eya kwenziwa kamva, i kwesongezelelo weeseli ithambo eziphilayo. Eli gama iingcambu zamaGrike. Xa translation, eli gama lithetha "womile". Amathambo ithathwa ukuba ube yinxalenye nje yenkqubo musculoskeletal. Sibangelwa le mesenchyme. Emva koko, thatha jonga amathambo kufutshane: isakhiwo, umsebenzi, njalo njalo ..

features ngokwesondo

Ngaphambi kokuba uthethe yintoni imisebenzi yenziwa yi amathambo, kufanele kuphawulwe eziliqela iimpawu ezikhethekileyo le yinxalenye yomzimba. Of umdla ezithile iimpawu noshowo sex ethile. Xa iyonke kukho 206 amathambo ezakha amathambo (photo ubonisa zonke izinto). Phantse zonke ezihlanganiswe iyunithi enye esebenzisa amalungu, nemisipha kunye namanye amalungu. Ubume yonke amathambo amadoda kunye nabafazi ngendlela efanayo. umehluko phakathi kwabo ayifumaneki. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko zifumaneka kuphela iintlobo okanye ubukhulu lweziqalelo ngamnye kunye neenkqubo ukuba benze ngandlel ezahlukeneyo. Umahluko icace kakhulu, nto leyo eye isakhiwo amathambo amadoda kunye nabafazi, kuquka, umzekelo, ukuba amathambo iminwe kunye eziphelweni ekuqaleni noko elide kwaye ziyatyeba, kangangokuba kule yokugqibela. Ngaloo tuberosity (ukulungisa okuzenzela iinxalenye kwezihlunu) ichazwa, bakholisa ukuba mandla into eyindoda. Abasetyhini babe isinqe ngokubanzi kunye nesifuba kakade. Ngokumalunga umahluko ngokwesini, yaba lukakayi, nobona zingabalulekanga. Kulo mba, iingcali amaninzi kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa ukuba ngubani ongumnini kuyo: umfazi okanye indoda. Ngelo xesha linye iintshiyi kutsha ewayo nesisu iziseko iliso sinamandla ixabiso sinuses ngaphezulu wavakalisa ngcono. Xa izinto bone ukakayi la madoda liyajiya kancinane nje mfazi. Anteroposterior (longitudinal) kunye parameters nkqo yale nxalenye amathambo emadodeni ngaphezulu. Women ukhakhayi Capacity malunga 1300 ^cm-3. Xa abantu, eli nani kwakhona ngakumbi - 1450 cm ^3. Lo mahluko kungenxa imilinganiso ezincinci lulonke umzimba ababhinqileyo.

-ofisi eyintloko

Amathambo bahlule imimandla emibini. Ngokukodwa, kuba iqulathe truncal kunye nentloko ofisi. Le yokugqibela, nayo, iquka inxalenye yobuso kunye nedumbe lengqondo. Brain isabelo iquka ezimbini zezomzuzwana, Parietal 2, ngokungqalileyo, Occipital yaye inxalenye ithambo ethmoid. Kuyinto ekhona kule ndawo yobuso kwemihlathi yangasentla (umphunga) ngokuhla. Ezi imithombo amazinyo ezisisigxina.

kwalapho

Kweli sebe ukwahlula coccygeal (iiPC 4-5.), Sacral (5), empontshwa (5), webele (12) kunye nentamo (7) esezirekhodiwe. Idangatya Vertebral zenza lomsele spinal. Ngokwakhe ukugoba ezine ipali. Oku kwenza ukuphunyezwa umsebenzi engangqalanga asemzimbeni ezinxulumene bipedalism. Ifunyanwa phakathi omqolo imbasa ilastiki. Baya kuba negalelo ekuphuculeni nezimo lomqolo. Kwathi kwabakho lo bend sithuba yabangela imfuneko ukunciphisa nezothuso ngexesha intshukumo: ukubaleka, ukuhamba, ukutsiba. Ngale intambo kunye zangaphakathi izigqeba spinal akukho sichengeni yokulimala. Ngaphakathi nomqolo umsele runs. It ezingqonge umnqonqo.

isifuba

Liquka a kwentamo, izahluko umqolo 12 yesibini kunye ubambo izibini-12. I-10 zokuqala kubo udityanisiwe kwi intlala kwentamo, ezimbini owokugqibela amalungu nayo. Ngenxa ebuhlanti ubambo unako ukwenza umsebenzi sokhuselo amathambo. Ngokukodwa, ithi iqinisekise ukhuseleko iintliziyo izidumbu bronchopulmonary nanjengenxenye yenkqubo yokwetyisa. Unobangela iipleyiti ubambo zezi wengcaciso enokususwa kunye omqolo, ngaphambili (ngaphandle ngababini kwamabini ngezantsi) udityanisiwe kwentamo yi intlala bhetyebhetye. Ngenxa oku, isifuba unakho Taper okanye ukwandisa ngexesha nokuphefumla.

ezizitho eliphezulu

Kule nxalenye humeri langoku, ingalo eliphezulu (ulnar nezinto ebabusisakha), iwotshi, izahluko metacarpal kunye phalanges ezintlanu umnwe. Ngokubanzi, i izandla amathambo isebe ezintathu. Ezi ziquka isandla, inyuke iye negxalaba. Le yokugqibela ukusekwa amathambo elide. Le ibhrashi liqhagamshelene ngesa- kunye kwisihlahla inezigaba ezincinane metacarpus kusekwe entendeni kwaye ishukumisa neminwe bhetyebhetye. Kuqhotyoshelwe imilenze eliphezulu ukuya umzimba uthwala clavicle kunye vanes. Bayeyona umbhinqo emagxeni.

yesiqephu asezantsi

Kule nxalenye amathambo bodwa 2 amathambo zangasese. Ngamnye kubo siquka ihlanganiswa nabanye sciatic, zikawonke wonke kunye iliac iziqalelo. Kwakhona, umbhinqo kweqondo asezantsi ziquka hip. Ku abunjwe elihambisana (kwegama elifanayo) ithambo. Le element ithathwa ukuba kunazo zonke kuphahla. Kwakhona, kwi bembande konyawo ezingaphansi. Ubume besebe iquka amathambo bembande ezimbini - ezinkulu nezincinane. Hung esiphelweni unyawo asezantsi. It iqulathe amathambo eziliqela, ezona zinabantu uthathwa ukuba isithende. Kudibana ne umzimba, ethwelwe izinto zangasese. Xa abantu, la mathambo nzima yaye sibanzi ngaphezu isilwanyana. Njengoko nokuhlangana izinto ezivelileyo amalungu omzimba.

iintlobo amalunga

Kukho ezintathu kuphela. Amathambo bangathungelana weselula, semi-elihambayo okanye umile. Ekwenziweni lohlobo yokugqibela ekuso beengxenye cranial (ngaphandle kokuba mandible). imiphetho semi-ihamba udityanisiwe kwentamo kunye omqolo. Njengoko kuhambisana iziqalelo kuma nemisipha kunye intlala. Umdibaniso ezinokususwa kwamalungu isici. Ngamnye kubo kumphezulu, lo langoku ulwelo lweHo-, kunye ibhegi. Njengoko umthetho, amalungu abe nemisipha ngakumbi. Ngenxa kuluhlu lwabo elilinganiselweyo motion. ithambo ulwelo Articular kunciphisa izinto zochuku ngexesha intshukumo.

Yintoni amathambo?

Kule nxalenye yeengxaki zomzimba ezimbini: eziphilayo nobomatshini. Ngokunxulumene isisombululo kwezi ngxaki zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe imisebenzi ngamathambo abantu zilandelayo:

1. Motor. Lo msebenzi lwenziwa ngokungangqalanga, njengezinto skeletal bakhonza ukuba kuthinjwe imicu kwezihlunu.
2. Inkxaso umsebenzi asemzimbeni. Bone kunye izinto ezidibeneyo zenza amathambo. Ukuze kube zihlonyelwe amalungu kunye inyama ithambile.
3. Spring. Ngenxa intlala ngokudibeneyo kunye nenani iimpawu zolwakhiwo (amagophe yomqolo, ezisekela unyawo) yenziwa lokuyimfihlo. Ngenxa yoko, komhlaba ngaphandle kunye jolts ukuba zithambe.
4. Kukhuseleko. Amathambo iqulethe ukuyilwa ithambo, ngenxa apho kuqinisekise ukhuseleko amalungu abalulekileyo. Ngokukodwa, yaba lukakayi ukhusela ingqondo, kwentamo - intliziyo, imiphunga kunye namanye amalungu, umnqonqo - isakhiwo spinal.

Le anayiphi ngamathambo omntu:

1. Hematopoietic. umongo ithambo emathanjeni. Kusebenza njengomthombo egazi.
2. Stock up. izinto Bone kusebenza yokothula ukuba isixa esikhulu kwezinto ezingaphiliyo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iquka intsimbi, nemagnesium, calcium, phosphorus. Kule nkalo, i-ithambo ebandakanyekileyo ukugcina uzinzo ubume izimbiwa ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

ukulimala

Ukuba indawo engalunganga umzimba ixesha elide (umzekelo, Imihla iyoluka ehleli uguqile etafileni, ukuma embi, njalo njalo), kunye nengqwalaselo imvelaphi inani lemiba yemfuza (ingakumbi xa zidityaniswe kunye iimpazamo ekutyeni, ukungabikho kophuhliso emzimbeni) ukuhlukunyezwa zingenzeka kugcinwe umsebenzi asemzimbeni. Kumanqanaba okuqala le nto lupheliswe ngokukhawuleza. Kunjalo, kungcono ukukhusela. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iingcali bacebisa ukuba ukukhetha ethile ekhululekile emsebenzini, umthambo rhoqo, imithambo, ukuqubha kunye nezinye iintlobo.

Enye imeko yempilo eliqhelekileyo kuthathwa ukukhubazeka ngeenyawo. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi yale meko kukwaphula umsebenzi lwemoto ngamathambo. ukukhubazeka Foot kunokwenzeka phantsi kweempembelelo izifo, ukwenzakala okanye iziphumo bamiswa sindisa elide kwinkqubo lokukhula eziphilayo. ithambo kunokwenzeka phantsi kwempembelelo amandla kakhulu emzimbeni. Ukwenzakala yolu hlobo ivingcwe okanye ezivulekileyo (inxeba). Malunga 3/4 zonke kuziphuko iwela ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Uphawu olungundoqo nenxeba intlungu kakhulu. Ingongoma zatshintsha angadala deformation elandelayo amathambo, lunyhasho imisebenzi yesebe apho emi kuyo. Ukuba urhanela ukwaphuka ixhoba Kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ambulensi esibhedlele. Ngaphambi kokuthatha naliphi na inyathelo, isigulane sithunyelwa kwi isifundo X-ray. Ngexesha kwaveza kwasendaweni yesiza ngokwaphulwa, kwaye ubukho ngamaqhekeza bone offset.