Emhlathini Upper: isakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye umonakalo kunokwenzeka

isakhiwo eyiyo kunye nezakhono komzimba kuzo zonke amalungu kunye nezihlunu ubuso bomntu uzimisele zempilo nje kuphela kodwa imbonakalo. Yintoni ukuphambuka kungaba kuphuhliso kwemihlathi yangasentla, kwaye linoxanduva yintoni elo gunya?

Ingakumbi kwisakhiwo kwemihlathi yangasentla

Kwemihlathi yangasentla - lithambo umphunga, nto leyo iquka omzimba kunye neenkqubo ezine. Eyendayo nakumphezulu phambi kobuso, yaba lukakayi, bayithwale emathanjeni womoya, ngenxa yokuba iye umngxuma, lwenziwa nge isifo.

Ezi nkqubo zilandelayo kwemihlathi eliphezulu, apho wafumana igama layo ukusuka kwindawo:

• inkqubo ngokungqalileyo;
• inkqubo zygomatic;
• ithambo alveolar;
• ithambo palatal.

iinkqubo Avilable

Kwakhona, umzimba kwemihlathi yangasentla uye iindawo ezine: ngaphambili, Orbital, infratemporal nakumarhanana.

Aphezu komhlaba elingunxantathu Orbital kwimilo, kwamagingxi kwebala kunye ibheke kancinci phambili - yakha nodonga komzila (orbit).

Umphezulu phambi umzimba imihlathi zityediwe kancinane, kuvula ngqo yokuvulwa lwamehlo ngezantsi apho ibekwe khona fossa canine.

kumphezulu ngeempumlo kubume bayo - ukuma ezintsonkothileyo. It has emqhokrweni maxillary, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba sinus maxillary.

inkqubo Zygomatic uzoba ubume kwemihlathi yangasentla kunye nomsebenzi apho kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokusebenza eqhelekileyo zonke iinkqubo kunye imiphezulu.

Imisebenzi neempawu ezikhethekileyo

Zeziphi iinkqubo emzimbeni kwaye ukakayi angadala utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo kubume kunye nomsebenzi amathambo?

Kwemihlathi yangasentla unoxanduva eziliqela iinkqubo:

• Inxaxheba kwisenzo ehlafuna, asasaze umthwalo phezu amazinyo kwemihlathi eliphezulu.
• Imisa ua oluchanekileyo zonke iinkqubo.
• Yenza umngxuma kuba umlomo kunye nempumlo, nezinto zabo.

iinkqubo yezifo

Kwemihlathi yangasentla ngenxa isakhiwo kunye nobukho sinus yayo kulula kakhulu ukuthoba, umthamo wayo malunga 5 cm ^3, kuba nethuba ukumenzakalisa kuyanda ithambo.

Umhlathi ngokwayo omiswe kukuba bumabumela zidibana kunye nabanye amathambo yokakayi.

Phakathi kunokwenzeka utshintsho pathologic ingakumbi eqhelekileyo na ukwaphuka emhlathini (eliphezulu okanye ngaphantsi). Ukwenzakala upholisa top kulula kakhulu amathambo kwemihlathi elisezantsi, kuba oko kukuthi, ngenxa lwesakhiwo layo kunye nendawo, musa ukususa loo ibalekisa nokuhlaziya ngokutsa ithambo layo.

Ukongeza zonke iintlobo kwizaphuko kunye dislocations, ngethuba loviwo ngugqirha wamazinyo uyakwazi ukubona inkqubo bayawarhawula, kukho cyst le maxilla, esifuna utyando ukuyisusa.

Umzimba i kwemihlathi yangasentla le sinus maxillary, leyo xa unyangwe ngokufanelekileyo amazinyo (hayi kuphela) ukuze zibe asha kwaye kukho sinusitis - enye inkqubo emhlathini yezifo.

supply Blood. innervation

Perfusion bemihlathi maxillary yi Umthambo ngenxa kunye amasebe awo. Amazinyo bone alveolar innervated yi-luvo trigeminal, ngakumbi - isebe maxillary.

Xa ukudumba okanye intlungu yobuso trigeminal ingahlakazeki emazinyweni enempilo ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba une lobuxoki kwenzeka kwaye maxa wambi nkqu utsalo lesiphoso nezinyo emhlathini eliphezulu.

Amatyala njalo ngakumbi isigulo ezingachanekanga, ngenxa yokuba niye iindlela ezongezelelweyo iimviwo nokuthembela kuphela iimvakalelo zesimo kwisigulana, ugqirha njengoko iingozi zempilo yesigulane, kunye igama layo.

Iimpawu samazinyo kwemihlathi yangasentla

Kwemihlathi yangasentla inenani efanayo osezantsi kwamazinyo. Amazinyo kwemihlathi yangasentla, okanye mandithi iingcambu zabo, babe iiyantlukwano zabo, nto leyo ke imali kwicala yabo.

Ngokutsho manani, amazinyo ngobulumko maxilla qhuma lokuqala kwaye kaninzi ngakumbi kwicala lasekunene.

Ekubeni ithambo kwemihlathi yangasentla yi ezantsi ukubhitya kakhulu, kunye nokukhutshwa uye awohluke zalo zime indlela ekhethekileyo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, amazinyo forceps ekususeni kwamazinyo kwemihlathi yangasentla, nto leyo eye elinye igama - onencula.

Ukuba ucima i engalunganga ingcambu ukwaphuka kunokwenzeka kuba emhlathini eliphezulu, apho isakhiwo akavumeli ukusebenzisa umkhosi kufuneka iindlela ezongezelelweyo kokuxilongwa phambi utyando. Ngokufuthi izicelo ezinjalo yenziwa iimviwo X-ray - orthopantomography okanye Itomography ebale umzimba emhlathini.

ukuhlinza

Yeyiphi ufuna ukususwa kwemihlathi yangasentla, nendlela ukubuyisela umsebenzi yesiqhelo emva kotyando?

inkqubo thaca woogqirha bamazinyo yaziwa ngokuba maksillektomiya.

Kubonakala ukuba utyando zezi:

• yamathumba amabi, phakathi umzimba maxilla kunye ezihlobene zayo, yaye zophendlo lwezifo izihlunu imithana impumlo, sinuses paranasal kunye nomlomo.
• yamathumba ingozi nazo, xa uphuhliso oluqhubela, mayingabi lokroba lokuba ukususa umzimba kwemihlathi eliphezulu.

inkqubo maksillektomii lineqela Izimo:

• Iyonke izifo nomonde, izifo ezihlasela zosulele ezosulelayo, izifo ezithile kwemihlathi eliphezulu kwinqanaba etsolo kwaye ibakala exacerbation.
• Xa ukusasazwa ebalulekileyo yenkqubo zophendlo lwezifo xa kuya kuba linyathelo yonyango lwesifo lo msebenzi, kodwa umthwalo kuphela isigulane somhlaza.

somdlavuza ipreoperative na uphando lokuqala ngokucokisekileyo ijolise ekuchongeni nokunye ukukhubazeka emzimbeni yomguli, kwakunye inkcazo zalapha yamathumba.

Phambi amanyathelo diagnostic wenza imbali epheleleyo, ezijolise ekucaciseni iimeko etiologic kunye yofuzo.

Phambi naziphi na iinkqubo zotyando nabo kufuneka bangenele uviwo epheleleyo kunye nezinye iingcali. Oku, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, zamehlo - iliso yokuqingqa imo imisebenzi yabo eqhelekileyo, kwaye kungenzeka iingxaki emva kotyando.

Kwemihlathi yangasentla iye emzimbeni wakhe emngxunyeni iliso kunye sinus ngeempumlo, ngenxa lwabo ngokupheleleyo kwenziwa phambi maksillektomiey enyanzelekileyo.

Ukongeza, phambi kokuba utyando Kucetyiswa ukuba wenze Itomography lasentloko kunye entanyeni, nto leyo iphucula umfanekiso jikelele kumguli ivumela ubone indawo yenkqubo ithumba ngokucacileyo ngakumbi.

Ngexesha lo msebenzi, oko kwenzeke ingxaki - ukwaphuka emhlathini (phezulu) okanye abachatshazelwa yi-luvo yobuso kwi nomba engalunganga. Naziphi na iingxaki zingachaphazela uphuhliso yobubi, ngenxa maksillektomii - umncipheko kwimo umguli somhlaza.

malformations bekhubazekile

Kwemihlathi yangasentla zingamoshakala Esibelekweni, nto leyo ekhokelela malformations kwemihlathi iphela ubuso.

ingaba yintoni isizathu kuphuhliso yakhe ezingaqhelekanga phambi kokuzalwa?

• yofuzo. Ukunqanda le nto ayinakwenzeka; kodwa unyango ekunene amazinyo yaye amathambo emva kokuzalwa Ungalungisa sengozini iziphene aze abuyisele eqhelekileyo yokusebenza emhlathini eliphezulu.
• Ukwenzakala ngexesha sokukhulelwa baby ungatshintsha indlela ukukhulelwa nokomzimba enze utshintsho lwezidumbu, ezo kakhulu abakhuselekanga emhlathini eliphezulu. Kubuye kube kubi imikhwa unina kunye nokusetyenziswa amayeza ezithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa inokuba yayibaluleke xa kukuvela ukungaqheleki bekhubazekile.

iintlobo ezimbi

Phakathi iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo engundoqo echaphazela uphuhliso kwemihlathi, ukukhululwa:

• mgaqweni ilifa (mgaqweni ezivela ngexesha osandul uphuhliso olungekazalwa) - zicandwe yobuso unilateral okanye amabini, microgeny, ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokungaphelelanga edentulous (ulahlekile amazinyo), hypoplasia of impumlo kunye sinuses, kunye nabanye.
• inkqubo izixhobo Deformation yamazinyo, nesuka kuphuhliso kwemihlathi phantsi kweempembelelo izinto ezimbi eyahlukeneyo: zemveli okanye angaphandle.
• iinkqubo deformation Secondary izixhobo dentoalveolar, ngenxa imiphumela ebuhlungu phezu amalungu yokakayi yobuso leyo kuvela, kwaye kananjalo ngenxa gwenxa utyando, unyango radiation kunye umhlaza.

okungahambi kwamazinyo. edentia

Eyona rhoqo ezimbi amazinyo kwi kwemihlathi yangasentla ukuze kuchazwe adentia leyo, kuxhomekeke unobangela, lokunye (akukho amazinyo ngaphezulu) kunye epheleleyo (ukungabikho amazinyo).

Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba bagcine intshukumo distal zesixhobo kunye ukuyilwa kwento diastema lobuxoki.

Kuba zoxilongo diagnostic enikwa ngokusebenzisa iimviwo X-reyi (orthopantomography) olubonisa indawo unobangela ngezifo kakhulu ngokuchanekileyo.

Deformation umhlathi enamazinyo abazincutshe - isiphumo senkqubo zophendlo lwezifo eqala kuphuhliso Esibelekweni yosana olungekazalwa kunokwenzeka. Yeyiphi okungathetha ubukho amazinyo extra, ezo musa ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kule nkqubo ukuhlafuna?

Ukubakho amazinyo abazincutshe ukuya kummango alveolar kwemihlathi yangasentla kungabangela deformation yayo. Oku ebangela ukukhula ngokugqithisileyo wethambo alveolar, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi nje kuphela ilungiselelo oluchanekileyo amazinyo, kodwa kwi kuphuhliso komzimba kwemihlathi eliphezulu.

Uthintelo okungahambi kwemihlathi yonakele

kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo esemncinane ukulandela ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo kwemihlathi bangenele iimviwo rhoqo kugqirha wamazinyo kwaye aphathe zonke izifo kwisisu ngomlomo.

Phambi indawo komntwana belanga mgaqweni okanye ukukhula amazinyo kufuneka ayigqithisele uxilongo ebanzi, hayi kuphela wamazinyo, kodwa endocrinologist, luvo. Ngamanye amaxesha okungahambi kuphuhliso kwemihlathi ezinxulumene imeko jikelele kakuhle.

Unyango mgceni iziphene kuye isebe bamazinyo ezifana orthodontics, esifunda eqhelekileyo yokusebenza amalungu emlonyeni, kwakunye iSifo nokulungisa nokuphambuka zophendlo lwezifo kwisiqhelo. Unyango kwenziwa kakuhle xa besebancinane, ngenxa yokulibazisa utyelelo wamazinyo phambi kuqhambuko emazinyweni okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwemihlathi ayikho imfuneko.

impilo yomlomo - ngundoqo ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo zokwetyisa zokuphefumla, kwakunye isiqinisekiso zempilo yengqondo yomntwana kunye nophuhliso eqhelekileyo. Le nto engqondweni lidlala akukho indima encinane kulo mba, njengoko ubuso komntu - ukuba ikhadi lakhe ubizo. Running deformation imbonakalo agula ushiye uphawu kurhulumente yezengqondo iimvakalelo, yaye adala ezininzi uloyiko kunye ukucalulwa, kude karhulumente sociopathic.

ukutya okufanelekileyo, ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo, ucoceko esinengqiqo lwelindle - isitshixo kuphuhliso esempilweni kwemihlathi yangasentla, kunye nawo onke amaziko kwisisu ngomlomo.