Isakhiwo kweeseli eukaryotic

Zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuxhomekeka ekufumanekeni kernel zingahlulwa zibe ezimbini ziindidi ezibanzi: prokaryotes kunye eukaryotes. Omabini la magama livela kwisiGrike «karion» - kernel.

Ezo eziphilayo ezingenazo inucleus, ebizwa prokaryotes - eziphilayo pre-nuclear kunye umcimbi zenyukliya ngohlobo inclusions. Ubume yeseli eukaryotic Kuthi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokungafaniyo prokaryotes, eukaryotes ube engundoqo ezenziwe - lo mahluko zazo eziphambili. Kuba prokaryotes ziquka iintsholongwane, icyanobacteria, Rickettsia kunye nezinye izinto. Kuba eukaryotes zibandakanya abameli izikumkani fungi, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Isakhiwo kweeseli eukaryotic zezinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo zenyukliya efanayo. ezona zinto zibalulekileyo babo - ngumongo kwaye kukho icytoplasm, nto leyo kunye zenza i protoplast. Le kukho icytoplasm kuyinto material isiseko semi-ulwelo, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, hyaloplasm, apho izakhiwo iseli zezi - organelles ezisebenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ukusuka ngaphandle kokuba kukho icytoplasm engqongwe ngabantu ndizayo plasma. Oomatshini kunye iiseli fungal abe inwebu plasma ngaphandle iseli iqokobhe ngqwabalala. Le kukho icytoplasm kweeseli zezityalo kunye fungi iqulathe vacuoles - amaqamza leyo uzele ngamanzi kunye zizinto ezahlukeneyo lichithakale kuyo. Ukongeza, esiseleni zifakiwe ngohlobo kwezondlo lolaleliso okanye iimveliso ekupheleni ukutya. Iimpawu ze isakhiwo imisebenzi iseli eukaryotic ngenxa inclusions ukuba kwiseli.

Ubume kunye umsebenzi kweeseli eukaryotic:

• plasma inwebu - a bilayer lipid kunye iiproteni engoma kuyo. Eyona umsebenzi inwebu plasma - ukutshintshisana kwezinto phakathi iseli ngokwayo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa inwebu plasma lwenziwa kunye nomfowunelwa phakathi iiseli ezibekwe ngecala.
• ingxenye - element zeeseli dvumembrannuyu iqokobhe. Main umsebenzi ongundoqo - ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha yemfuza - deoxyribonucleic acid. Ngenxa core ngokomthetho umsebenzi zeselula, izinto mfuza wasiwa iiseli intombi.
• mitochondria - ezi organelles abakhoyo kuphela kwiiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Mitochondria, njengoko undoqo, kufuneka imifinya ezimbini phakathi apho kukho nezibaya zangaphakathi - Kristen. Mitochondria ziqulathe DNA setyhula, ribosomes, kukho ezininzi enqanda. Ngenxa kula organelles kwenziwa oxygen iiseli kwisigaba zokuphefumla (kuhlelwe adenosine triphosphate).
• plastids - zifumaneka kuphela kwisisele yezityalo, kuba umsebenzi wabo zaseprayimari - photosynthesis.
• reticulum endoplasmic (reticulum) - yinkqubo njengamaqhakuva atshabalalisa - amatanki, mgodini kunye imibhobho. Ngomhla reticulum endoplasmic (rough) amalungiselelo organelles ezibalulekileyo - ribosomes. Le kwamatanki zigqunyiwe kwaye zivuthwe iiprothini womnatha, leyo zidluliselwa yenethiwekhi ngokwayo. Xa imifinya of reticulum gingxi kunye Yindibanisela lipid steroid.
• izixhobo Golgi - inkqubo kwitanki odnomembrannyh tyaba kunye amaqamza eziqhotyoshelwe eziphelweni ezongeziweyo yitanki. Umsebenzi we zakhiwo Golgi - nokwanda nenguqu iiprothini kunye lipids. Apha ukuyilwa vesicles secretory ukuba uwunikele ngaphandle kwiseli. Isakhiwo kweeseli eukaryotic ezinjalo ukuba zeeseli indlela yayo ngenxa ulwabiwo izinto inkunkuma.
• lysosomes - vesicles odnomembrannye eziqulethe enzyme hydrolytic. Ngenxa lysosomes iseli ye Digest ye yonakele organelles, iiseli izidumbu.
• ribosomes - kukho iindidi ezimbini, kodwa ke umsebenzi zazo eziphambili - indibano iimolekyuli protein.
• centrioles - inkqubo microtubules, leyo kokhiwe iimolekyuli protein. Ngenxa centrioles kwakhiwa amathambo lwangaphakathi iseli, uyakwazi ukugcina imilo balo abasisigxina.

Ubume yeseli eukaryotic kuyantsonkotha iiseli prokaryotic. Ngenxa yobukho ngumongo, eukaryotes uyakwazi ukudlulisela ulwazi yemfuza, ngokwenjenjalo kuqinisekiswe uzinzo hlobo.