Wenza njani cells ezinzwaneni?

A abaphengululi yamandulo ixesha elide kakhulu ngempazamo kubangelwa ikhowa iqela efanayo kunye nezityalo. Kwaye oku kwenziwa kuphela ngenxa ukufana kwabo. Emva kokuba amakhowa njengoko izityalo azikwazi ukuhamba. Yaye umbona yokuqala akukhangeli njengezilwanyana. Noko ke, kamsinya nje bakwazi ukuhlola iiseli izazinzulu, bafumanisa ukuba iiseli ezinzwaneni elifana kakhulu iiseli izilwanyana. Ngoko ke, ezi zinto ziphilayo abasekho bakuzibalela njengoko izityalo. Noko ke, izilwanyana ayikwazi zihlelwe iiseli fungal, ukongeza ezifanayo, kwaye umahluko othile ukusuka isilwanyana. Kulo mba, amakhowa eyabiweyo bubukumkani eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kwindalo kukho izikumkani ezintlanu izinto eziphilayo: izilwanyana, izityalo, umngundo, iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale iiseli ezinzwaneni

Ifungi eukaryotes. Kokuba eziphilayo, iiseli olungundoqo ekhoyo ophilileyo. Kuyimfuneko ukuze kukhuselwe inkcazelo yemfuza agcinwe DNA. Eukaryotes, ngaphandle akadliwa izilwanyana kunye nezityalo.

Kukho zombini fungi single-ezineseli, kunye multicellular.

iiseli fungal, njengazo zonke ezinye iiseli eukaryotic, iqulathe amalungu amathathu: plasma inwebu, nucleus kunye icytoplasm. Owokugqibela ke organelles kunye inclusions. Organelles ezisisigxina. Senza ekwiseli imisebenzi ethile. Ukubandakanywa ngendlela ezingazinzanga. Bona ikakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi yogcino. Baye hayi isakhelo esimbaxa efana organelles. Ngokomthetho nje ashiye okanye ziikristale izakhi ezinzwaneni iiseli anokusetyenziswa xa kuyimfuneko.

I iseli fungal liyafana kwiseli izityalo?

Ukufana ephambili iza kuxhomekeka kukuba isakhiwo iseli ezinzwaneni ibonelela ludonga iseli encotsheni ndizayo plasma. imfundo enjalo nobuntu iiseli yezilwanyana kodwa izityalo ukuba ukhona. Kodwa flora cell udonga yakhiwe le iselulosi kunye nomngundo lakhiwa ngechitin.

Ukufana imingxunya nezilwanyana iiseli

Eyona iphambili eyenza isakhiwo iiseli ezinzwaneni iyafana izilwanyana, kuba ubukho inclusions of glycogen. Ngokungafaniyo isityalo ukugcina starch, nomngundo, njengezinto eziphilileyo, glycogen nenqwaba.

Enye into efanayo - indlela eya ubonelelo iseli. Ifungi heterotrophs, ngamanye ukulungele ukufumana izinto eziphilayo ezivela ngaphandle. Izityalo nazo autotrophs. Bathi umBoniso, ukufumana izondlo ngokuzimeleyo.

organelles

iiseli fungal, apho nani kuyabonakala ngezantsi, unawo organelles ezifana mitochondria, ribosomes, reticulum endoplasmic, lysosomes, iziko iseli kwaye enezakhiwo Golgi. Ngaphezu koko, vacuole ekhona esiseleni ngundo endala. Zonke organelles ezidweliswe ngasentla ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. Makhe siqwalasele nabo isitya elifutshane.

Ngokungafaniyo izityalo, iiseli fungi ziqulathe plastids. Kwizityalo, ezi organelles onoxanduva yefotosinthesisi (chloroplasts) kunye umbala ezinamagqabi (chromoplasts). Kwakhona, fungi yahlukile kwizityalo ukuba ityala labo kuphela iseli vacuole endala. iiseli izityalo nazo ezi organelles, wonke umjikelo wobomi.

Undoqo fungi

Ekubeni eukaryotes, ngamnye iseli iqulatha nucleus. Kujongwe ukukhusela ulwazi yemfuza zigcinwa kwi-DNA, kwakunye nokulungelelanisa zonke iinkqubo ibakho kwiseli.

Esi sakhiwo unalo inwebu zenyukliya, apho pores eyodwa ikhoyo eziquka iiprotheni ezithile - nukleoprionov. Ngokusebenzisa pores ze core nga babelane izinto kunye icytoplasm.

Okusingqongileyo, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphakathi inwebu, ebizwa karyoplasm. Kungenxa ngendlela zofuzo DNA.

Ngokungafaniyo iiseli izityalo kunye nezilwanyana leyo ngokwesiqhelo ziquka ezingundoqo omnye (ngaphandle inokuba umzekelo iiseli polynuclear okanye izihlunu zomzimba anuclear zegazi), ngokufuthi iseli ezinzwaneni akunakho, kodwa ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu umphakathi.

Isiphelo - ezahlukeneyo anika

Ngoko xa Sele ndicinge ukuba akhe indlela iiseli ezi zinto ziphilayo, makhe ngokufutshane khangela ezahlukahlukeneyo zabo.

Okokuqala, kukho umngundo kwiseli kunye multicellular. Phakathi kwiseli edume kakhulu futhi esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngokuthi umntu nagwele. Ukongeza, kukho inani nomngundo kwiseli enye, leyo olwaye lwamfimfitha kwezinye izinto, ngaloo ndlela ebangela iintlobo zezifo ezifana angumgubo zokrazulwa izityalo okanye izilwanyana enesitshanguba.

fungi Multicellular, kuxhomekeka kubume, yahlulwe ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo: Basidiomycetes, Ascomycetes, oomycetes, Zygomycetes kunye Chytridiomycota.