Ivan Gonta: biography

Ivan Gonta - enye amanani ezibalaseleyo kwimbali Ukrainian. igama lakhe baba luphawu umzabalazo inkululeko yeli lizwe. I umfanekiso hero lesizwe ichazwe ngokuzeleyo T. mbongo G. Shevchenko "Haydamaky". Ulwazi malunga yimbongi uphakamo ethandwa wafuna ngayo iintsomi namabali, apho omnye izenzo umlinganiswa yaba Ivan Gonta.

biography

Ulwazi malunga ukuzalwa Ivan eliso libi kakhulu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wazalwa kwidolophana Rossoshka, nto leyo ngoku afumaneka phaya kummandla Cherkassy. Abazali bakhe baba ngamakhoboka. Umhla ochanileyo wokuzalwa kwakhe nangoku ayaziwa, kodwa abaphengululi bakucaphukele ku-1740. Esemncinane uIvan Gonta, ngenxa ukukhuthala yakhe, yaba imikhosi Cossack of magnate weNkundla Potocki, ngelo xesha inkosi olungagungqiyo neendawo zokwakha. Phezu kwako imvelaphi yakhe ephantsi, uIvan waba imfundo. ubunini omhle ulwimi Polish, popularity kunye nezakhono ezilungileyo lombutho yaba isiseko nokukhuthaza ngokukhawuleza. Ngowe-1757, unyana yamahlwempu wakhe wonyulwa khulu imikhosi Court Potocki.

trustee

Abafundileyo abanamakhono Cossack oselula wasondela ingqalelo magnate Potocki. Kwaye kungekudala enkampini sithetha entsha Trustee ye igrafu, eyaba Ivan Gonta. Izakhiwo Cossacks, mhlawumbi lwabacaphukisa inkqubela nakozalelwe kulo iiklasi asezantsi. Earl weza ngaphantsi yakhe elisondeleyo iindwalutho ibekwe phantsi umyalelo lerhuluneli ka neendawo zokwakha. Ngexesha lobulungiseleli bakhe Ivan Gonta ngo-1755 yaye bazuze ndawo yakubo kunye kwilali eselumelwaneni Rossoshka Odarovku. Ngelo xesha, zonke izalamane zakhe babehlala Rossoshka: nonina, nomfazi, nabantwana. Usapho kweentombi abadala abane kunye nonyana. Ukuphatha imizana bamnika inzuzo 20 lamawaka zlotys ngonyaka -. A imali eqinileyo kakhulu ngaloo mihla.

Gaunt nokholo

inzuzo enkulu lokuthembeka Potocki ayikwazanga kuthintela khulu ngayo iinkolelo yaye akazange akwenze sisixhobo ezandleni zabanye. Ivan Gonta akazange ukwabelana umnqweno izibonda ukunyanzelisa inkolo yamaKatolika abemi yobu Ukraine. On iminikelo yakhe bakha iBandla Orthodox esikhulu elalini yakhe, kwaye usapho ebizwa ngokuba churchwarden khulu - ukuba imali yabo sakhiwe ayiqabe nokuphakanyiswa isixeko ibandla Cross Volodarka. Yaba kweli bandla walondoloza imizobo eludongeni, ebonisa Ivan Gonta. Photo khulu, leyo bunokubonwa textbooks mihla, luthe lwancothulwa kulo mfanekiso.

Kungekudala kakhulu I. Gaunt yaziwa ngokuba le ndoda iyazikhusela ukholo obudala. Wayesele Waya ngabameli Orthodox kulo lonke Ukraine. Le nkxaso jikelele kwenze eyaziwa ngokubanzi, nto leyo eyaba negalelo elikhulu iminqweno kunye neembono abameli kwiiklasi Ukrainian.

Haydamaky

Ekupheleni kuka May 1768 ukuya neendawo zokwakha weva amarhe malunga mvukelo mass Haidamaks, apho elikhokelwa Mxim Zhelezniak. Bathabatha idolophu emva komnye, ngokucotha abasondela neendawo zokwakha. URafal Mladanovich ibamba neendawo zokwakha, kwanyanzeleka ukuba athathe amanyathelo enamandla ukomeleza umzi. Eyisongile isango engundoqo, unogada asinde ngenyameko bonke abo bafuna ukungena kuwo umzi. Esitalatweni kwakukho abaninzi impi Cossacks, indawo awazalelwa kuyo ophezu neendawo zokwakha. Ukunciphisa amathuba ewolo, Mladanovich Cossacks kunyanzeleka ukuba bafunge ukunqula Potocki.

Gaunt and Zhelezniak

Ngokomyalelo irhuluneli kwindlwana yomkhosi waphuma waya kumkhawulela abo bavukeli. Kodwa ukusebenzisa umkhosi yabo yirhuluneli wabasiki Polish akuphumelelanga. Kufutshane kwilali Sokolovka wadibana Ivan Gonta Mxim Zheleznyak. Emva kokuba iintetho, le Cossacks umhlambi abathetheli bakhe waza waba bavukeli. Nokuhlanganiswa lokugqibela imikhosi amabini ka-18 Juni 1768 kwenzeka phantsi neendawo zokwakha iindonga. Abavukeli bagqiba ukuba ahlasele isixeko.

ebuhlungu neendawo zokwakha

Neendawo zokwakha Ukuthatha yathatha iintsuku malunga enye enesiqingatha. Ukuziphendulela isixeko anikezwe ngabavukeli, leyo wavuma aphantsi iingalo ezincinane. ixesha-Enye ivolibholi kuzo zonke ngemipu yaseYiputa ekuhambeni ngumsi, ukudala isigqubuthelo ashinyeneyo. abavukeli Ukuthatha ithuba oku, langena ngempumelelo iindonga nqaba uDavide, waza wangena esixekweni. Ekufeni isidumo ibisoyikeka.

Haydamaky bazixhela pole, amaYuda, Ruthenians, singapheli namadoda amakhulu, okanye abafazi. Ngokutsho okuzibonela lokusinda, igazi labo babulawa batyhileka phezu umbundu amakhaya abo neetempile ahamba ezitalatweni. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, baye bafa ngaloo mini ebantwini ezimbini ukuya amawaka amabini.

Colonel Gaunt

Emva kokuthatha neendawo zokwakha ukuziphindezela abaninzi babesoyika yamyeka kwaoko ezintlwini bavukeli. Gonta Ivan and Zhelezniak Mxim benza ibhunga jikelele. Isigqibo sesininzi labelwa umyalelo yomkhosi labavukeli. Esiye Zhelezniak - Hetman yomkhosi entsha, kunye Ivan Gonta - Colonel. Kule mimandla phantsi kwegunya neenkani, ukuphelisa izibophelelo yabasebenzi, imiyalelo Cossack esekwe kunye namasiko. Iinkokheli omzabalazo labavukeli wathabatha amanyathelo ukusasaza iimbono zabo kulo lonke Ukraine.

Lamanga nokufa

Izinga le mvukelo waphazamiseka kakhulu urhulumente yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Phantsi nemiyalelo uCatherine II ukuhlangabezana bavukeli baya amajoni Colonel Guryev. Vtershis ukuba uthembe nabavukeli, engqongwe umkhosi Cossack kunye nabathetheli bayo kuthinjwa. Ivana Gontu yanikwa nezibonda, kunye Mxim Zhelezniak wagwetywa ukufa kwevili. Noko ke, kamva uKumkanikazi iye endaweni isigwebo, wathumela kuye ukuba amkhonze yomsebenzi onzima.

Ivana Gontu wanikwa kwabasemagunyeni Polish. Emva kokuba ya nxaniso, eyathatha iintsuku ezilishumi, Gaunt walahlwa enkundleni eyodwa, equka umbingeleli lendela ezintathu. Wagwetywa ekufeni, nto leyo sikhatshwe sentuthumbo embi - quartering, isikhumba ukuxobuka, kunye nezinye izinto. Ngosuku lwesithathu, ukwishiba nesibindi Cossack hetman isithsaba Ksaveriy Branitsky Gonta wayalela ukuba anqunyulwe intloko yakhe ngokwamkela inkalipho amandla ogwetyiweyo. Isigwebo wafa July 13, 1768. Amanxiwa hero kazwelonke ziye wabethelelwa emthini kwizixeko 14 Ukraine.

umhlaba Ukrainian kwakhona kwaye kwakhona zidyojwe ligazi luqhankqalazo ezithandwayo, kodwa memory of Ivan Gonta kunye Maksim Zheleznyaki kusekho kumabali kunye iibhaladi abantu Ukrainian.