Yemvukelo Stepan Razin yaqala zokuqhekeza yesiqhelo yaye yaphela imfazwe nabalimi

Cossack kunye nabalimi intshukumo ngokuchasene serfdom, elikhokelwa edume Cossack Ataman yeyona inamandla kwaye abaninzi ngenkulungwane XVII kwimbali Russia. Stepan Razin qhankqalazo uqale kwi Don kwaye kwafikela kwi-lweCaspian kunye namazwe iVolga, eziquka iindawo ezinkulu echaphazela abantu abaninzi.

Ukutshintsha elibukhali kwi imeko yezentlalo kwimimandla Cossack of the Don yaba isizathu sokuba le mvukelo Stepana Razina. Unyaka emva konyaka, abalimi mandundu. I-Don kunye namazwe iVolga bathontelana abalimi eyadala ababefuna ukuba bahlukane kubukhoboka. Kodwa apha, imeko yabo wahlala ingcwaba Cossacks ezinkulu ndiyoyika ukuba ubasuse phezu emazweni zabo. Oku ngenkani "golutvennyh" Cossacks ukuba singamanyana ukubandakanyeka ukuphanga nokuphangwa.

Stepan Razin qhankqalazo yaqala njenge behlasela karhataka ye Cossacks emasimini iVolga. Ngowe-1667 Razin ambamba Yaik idolophu kwi iVolga, apho, wancediswa amaninzi Cossacks. Ngowe-1668 razintsy elidlavula emdeni lweCaspian, waza ke wangena kokuyaphula Iran. Cossacks wasithimba isixeko Ferahabad, uzuze uloyiso enkulu phezu Iranian Navy, yaye ngowe-1669 wabuyela Don. Razin impumelelo landa eliphakamileyo phakathi abemi Don kunye nommandla iVolga, elathi ukuba abuyise kwilahleko ukuze bafumane umkhosi omtsha.

Ezingeyomfuneko yamahlwempu uphakamo Stepana Razina kwaqala ngo-1670. Entlakohlaza waya iVolga. iphulo lwakhe ephelekwa izenzo ngedlela nezidubedube ngamakhoboka, bangxamele ukubaleka baphume yobukhoboka. NgoMeyi, yena ithinjiwe Tsaritsyn. Astrakhan, Saratov kunye Samara wavula isango phambi Cossacks, apho phantsi isiqalo bakhe bafudukela abatoli ezininzi bale dolophu.

Xa lokuwa Stepana Razina umkhosi yangqinga emzini onqatyisiweyo Simbirsk. Ngeli xesha le mvukelo uncediswa abantu abaninzi bomthonyama AmaTatar, Chuvash, Mordovian. Noko ke, nasekuxinweni yayitsala, elathi oomantyi kukumkani ukuqokelela imikhosi emikhulu. Urhulumente tsarist ezikhawulezayo likhuthaza bonke imikhosi ukucinezela ugwiliko wathumela umkhosi 60000th Simbirsk. Oktobha 3, 1670 at Simbirsk phakathi Cossacks nemikhosi kakumkani kwidabi apho abavukeli boyiswa.

Walimala Stepana Razina Cossacks ukunyaniseka kuye basiwa kwi-Don, apho wayeza ukuqokelela umkhosi omtsha, kodwa Cossacks noqoqosho bayithimba waza wanika ngqwayi yokumkani. Juni 6, 1671 Stepan Razin iye quartered eMoscow. Noko ke, ukufa kwakhe zange ayeke le mvukelo, izikhulu ezininzi Cossack waqhubeka ukuba nzima nokuba iinyanga ezintandathu. Kuphela ku November 1671 amajoni bokumkani bakwazi ukuthatha wokugqibela nenqaba razintsev - Astrakhan.

Le mvukelo ekhokelwa Stepan Razin 1670-1671 gg. Ngokungafaniyo amaphulo zakhe zangaphambili sele bamthwala etsolo zentlalo kwindalo, yaye ababhali-mbali abaninzi ebizwa ngokuba "umlimi imfazwe", ngathi niphumele umbuso kunye serfdom wenza njengoko abemi Don kunye nommandla iVolga, ekulweni ukubusa amandla kunye nokungabikho namalungelo zaba balimi.

Ngenxa yoko, le mvukelo Stepana Razina Cossack waqalisa inkunzi kunye ngokuthe ngcembe yaba epheleleyo-isikali umlimi intshukumo, injongo kukuthoba irhafu kunye nemisebenzi kunye nokuphucula ubomi zaba balimi.