Ixabiso kunye eziphila ngezilingo ngokwendalo

Neyantlukwano eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, ukubaluleka kwabo kwindalo kunye nabantu, ingakumbi izilwanyana - konke oku uya kufunda ngokufunda nqaku. Lwane naye ngokuba emanzini. Zenzeka malunga 350 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo esivela kwizinyanya iintlanzi-ezifana kwi-Upper Devonian. Nangona nezimbuku igcwala yefeni kwi egcina imali, baba eyintlango, kwaye ibonelela yokuhlala ezilungele uphuhliso kwabo izilwanyana ezweni kuqala, akazange akwazi ukugcina indlela ukufuma emzimbeni.

I emanzini yokuqala

Ayizi phambili kubonakala kwangoko zonke iyantlukwano mihla emanzini. Iifoto zezilwanyana, ngelishwa, akukho. Ngokuqinisekileyo khangela omhle kakhulu. izinto Paleontologicheskii ibonisa ukuba eziphila yokuqala yayifana salamanders ingxilimbela kunye intloko evuthelweyo nomsila eziphuhliswe kakuhle. Ezi zilwanyana, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngaphezu kwe-1 m ubude, bafudukela ngokucothayo yaye angenzi, kunzima njengezinambuzane ukusuka ichibi omnye komnye. I Carboniferous ifumaneka kakhulu iyantlukwano enkulu emanzini. Ke bonke bephela ungenzi nto, phantse ngaphandle abafumana akukho lukhuphiswano kwezinye izilwanyana ukutya okwaneleyo.

ubunzima lithathelwe

Iyantlukwano yangoku kunye nokubaluleka eziphila yaphuhliswa ngethuba ngendaleko elide. Le nguqulelo machibi ukuba ubukho ezisentlabathini wadala ezininzi iingxaki kwezi zilwanyana. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini Kwadlula izigidi zeminyaka ukuba basebenze ngaphandle amalungisleelo eziyimfuneko. Enyanisweni, iyantlukwano eziphila luphawulwa kukuba ezi izilwanyana baye bakwazi ukulungisa ngokupheleleyo imiqathango ethe zokuhlala ezisentlabathini kwaye bafuna kwindawo emanzini yokuvelisa kwakhona. Intshukumo engcono eziphila bavela skeleton ezilula kunye nezihlunu ezinamandla, ukoyisa umkhosi womxhuzulane. Imilenze eziphila okuqala mfutshane, omkhulu ngokubanzi abekwe akwimiganyana, nangona-fingered ezintlanu. Uphefumla eziphila kusetyenziswa iingxowa zomoya ngamawele, okanye nemiphunga.

emanzini mihla

Of amaqela amaninzi ekhoyo ngaphambili eziphila asinda iinkampani ezintathu kuphela: Anura (amasele kunye maxoxo), Urodela (leenewt kunye salamanders) kunye Apoda (caecilians - side iifom emgodini, uyimfama). Amasele kunye maxoxo ngaphezu iintlobo 2,500. Ukwahluka emanzini alunge Anura, bebeziqhelanisa ebomini kungekuphela nje kummandla amanzi, kodwa emahlathini emvula, emaqeleni kunye entlango.

Iimpawu amaxoxo kunye maxoxo

Eyona efanayo zonke amasele kunye maxoxo - uphuhliso olukhulu kakhulu (milo). Bonke babe izixhobo emphinjeni, kodwa ifumana uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo kuphela namadoda ayikhuphi ekhala, ezibandakanya abasetyhini ngexesha lokukhwela okanye xa esoyika. croaking uphawu izandi ezivezwa intlokoma ze imisipha - bafundelane ngezibini Imihlubulo mucosal ye kwingqula. Air udlula kuyo emiphungeni ngexesha iphefumlelwe and vice versa amaphaphu ukuya iingxowa ngamagama ibekwe phantsi kwisisu ngomlomo. Phantse wonke ummandla zokumodareyitha spring amasele kunye maxoxo luthunyelwe emanzini. Bakhetha cala, sikhokelwa iiseli ezikhethekileyo singangena - osmoreceptors zibekwe em- ngomlomo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, ubenomtsalane emanzini kuphela nje amachibi ezimbalwa, kuwo ngexesha lokuzala uya ezininzi ezahlukeneyo namasele maxoxo. Ento eyindoda zikholisa kufika kuqala uze ubize iimazi umtshato uyakhala.

Isikhumba emanzini

izigaba mibungu amaxoxo, maxoxo, leenewt kunye salamanders uphefumle anyamalale yangaphandle iigilizi amanzi ngethuba milo. amasele abadala ukuphefumla ngeendlela ezintathu. Kumanqanaba aphezulu yomsebenzi kuyenziwa, le nkqubo lula kwaye kwisisu yomlomo, yaye silele - isikhumba komhlaba. Umoya ubumanzi yesikhumba abaxhaswa ngokukhupha namadlala yencindi yomlomo. Isikhumba kunye Ubuhlungu kwamadlala elise, ngokukodwa eziphuhliswe kakuhle amasele emvula kulo kwisizukulwana Dendrobates kunye Phyllobates. Iintolo zazo esinamandla ityhefu lingcoliswa South American wamaNdiya, leyo zandizingela iintaka kunye neemfene.

Uninzi eziphila eziyityhefu anemibala eqaqambileyo, nto leyo esebenza njengesilumkiso zamarhamncwa. Egqugqisileyo zamasele kunye sifihle umbala. Kufunyenwe eziseleni eluswini kudala (iintlobo-3), ukuba ukuqina okanye nazisasaza kombala unobangela umbala utshintsho.

Leenewt kunye salamanders

Leenewt kunye salamanders (namnye kubo efuziselwa ngasentla) i ngaphantsi baphambuka uhlobo isakhiwo original emanzini. Ngokutsho imilo salamanders zomzimba zifana malovane. Zinelungelo intloko kuchazwe ngokucacileyo. izilwanyana abadala kwindawo zifana kakhulu kwezinye, yaye iphelele ayaguquka uphawu ngalinye amasele kunye maxoxo, salamanders nto yenzeke. 8 iintsapho eyaziwa ezinomsila kunye nama-225 iintlobo. Befana kunye maxoxo, badla zizala emanzini. Ukuchumisa kwezi zilwanyana zangaphakathi. Inkunzi yamkhulula spermatophore, leyo sitsala cloaca ababhinqileyo. Uninzi tailed ukubeka amaqanda.

ukuziphatha lokukhwela leenewt kunye salamanders

Ngexesha zikhwelwe iphinda inkunzi abe umbala eqaqambileyo, nto leyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo emtshatweni usathandana womelele. Kuba abathile salamanders neoteny uphawu - xa abantu abaqolileyo ukugcina iimpawu ezithile lombutho mibungu: .. iigilizi bangaphandle, oluselubala ulusu slabopigmentirovannuyu, njl Ngenxa pedogenesis yezilwanyana uba aqolileyo inkanuko kwinqanaba mibungu. Umzekelo olu hlobo kuboniswe kwifoto ngasentla axolotl (Umbungu Ambystoma mexicanum).

caecilians

Caecilians - eli qela lincinane ndifunda ubuncinane emanzini. Abaninzi kubo ukumba yokuphila. Izitho zezi zilwanyana ziyafumaneka. Into umdla caecilians eyayingekaphuhli kukuba ukugcina isikali esikhumbeni. Eyes ziyancipha kakhulu, kunye nokusebenza kwabo inxenye indawo yi Mpondwana ezikhethekileyo oyivileyo apho izilwanyana ukunyenyisa komhlaba intshukumo. Ngcono kunamanye eyaziwayo eCeylon ichthyophiidae (Ichthyophis glutinosus), echazwe ekuqaleni kule kwenkulungwane ye-19. ziyithwalela Photo ngasentla.

caecilians South American - ungummeli ngokuqhelekileyo emanzini legless. Yena uyimfama, uhlala phantsi komhlaba, yaye mhlawumbi Sidla ntshulube. Olu hlobo abelwa kuphela kwimimandla nefumileyo yaye eziluhlaza. South American caecilians liwaqandusele wamatye yayo. Animal ifikelela 50 cm ubude.

Ngoko ke, siya ukuchaza ngokufutshane neyantlukwano emanzini. Indima eziphila kwindalo kunye nobomi babantu - yenye esinomdla isihloko. Sicebisa ukuba ukufunda kutheni na ezi zilwanyana zibaluleke kangaka.

emanzini meaning

Xa ngamaqondo ahlukahlukeneyo, ilincedo umntu zonke zezinto eziphila emanzini. ixabiso labo liphezulu kakhulu ikakhulu kuba badla iintlobo ezininzi ezingenamqolo eziyingozi (izinambuzane kwindawo yazo, kubandakanywa iingcongconi, saselwandle esineqokobhe, njl ..). Ezi kunye nezinye amahlathi ezingenamqolo umonakalo kunye nezityalo. Ukongeza, ukuba babe naso kwezifo zezilwanyana zasekhaya okanye abantu.

Ukuqhubeka ukuchaza iindidi kunye nokubaluleka eziphila, siphawula ukuba izinto zokutya emhlabeni nasemanzini ezisentlabathini badla obungafaniyo ngaphezu kwezo nto ezo zilwanyana yokuphila. Ngosuku kwi-avareji isele esintu utya ezingenamqolo 6 yingozi ebantwini. Ukuba inani le eziphila ngayo abantu 100 ha 1 nganye, babe kutshabalalisa ngaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka izinambuzane ngexesha umsebenzi ehlotyeni. izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini badla ngokutya ezingenamqolo ukuba zibe incasa elibi okanye ivumba. Lwane ukuzingela ebusuku ngongcwalazi. umsebenzi wabo luncedo, kodwa, ngokubanzi, liphantsi, ekubeni kuphela kwiindawo ezimbalwa bafikelele amanani elaneleyo. Tadpoles, amaqanda kunye abadala iintlobo zamasele, nto leyo engundoqo amanzi indlela yobomi na ukutya intlanzi ezininzi zorhwebo, ookhwalimanzi, amadada kunye nezinye iintaka. Izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini nazo zenza inxalenye ebalulekileyo ezityiwa inani uboya-lokuthwala izilwanyana (polecat, ngoboya, njl) Xa ihlobo. A iilynx kunye amasele kudla ebusika.

Kwezinye iingingqi (Melika, mpuma Asia, Italy, France), ezinye izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini (amasele, salamanders) abantu basebenzisa kukudla. EUnited States, umzekelo, kukho ifama, nto leyo yabola i isele-yenkomo (umfanekiso eboniswe ngasentla). ngemilenze kuphela hit emarikeni, nezidumbu abondliwayo kwimfuyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lakhe Ukraine ibandakanyeka kokuvuna amasele eluhlaza. Bona siyakhuthazeka kumazwe imigxobhozo elunxwemeni weDanube. Nakuba kunjalo, amanani zabo lehla ngokukhawuleza, yaye wayeka imveliso yazo.

Kwisibanzi sifudumele, inani eziphila lincinane, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba abakhusele. Ukwahluka emanzini nokukhuselwa kwabo - isitshixo kwezinto eziphilayo.