Izakhiwo zokhuselo Civil: ngezigaba, iintlobo

izakhiwo zokhuselo Civil ii ngokungqinelana nemithetho zokwakha kunye nemimiselo Inani II-11-77. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, lingakhiwa izinto ezinjalo, kwakunye free-ukuma, ukuba ayisekho amathuba yeConvenco. Olu xwebhu lunika ithuba ukufaka zokufihla ongaphantsi kunye elingaphantsi kwaye kumgangatho wokuqala, ukuba uvumela ukuba benze iimpawu zoyilo kwesakhiwo.

kufuneka ibe yintoni yindawo ekhuselekileyo?

izakhiwo wokhuselo Civil kufuneka ixhotyiswe kunye nezithuba sococeko bonke abantu 500 concealable. Kulo mzekelo, imilinganiselo iya kuba ungabi ngaphantsi kweemitha ezimbini square nganye. Ukuba umba yenzelwe yokugubungela 900 ezifunyenweyo kwaye ngaphezulu, ukongeza kwizithuba, kufuneka mayixhotyiswe iziko lonyango (esine eriya esingekho ngaphantsi kwe 9 square metres).

Isetyenziswa xa kungekho mfazwe

izakhiwo zokhuselo Civil ngokungqinelana isniphu ngasentla ngexesha non-military enokusetyenziselwa kumagunjana, urhwebo kunye ukutya, iindawo zenkcubeko tinning, iigaraji, ezemidlalo kunye nezibonelelo nenkxaso. ucwangciso kunye noyilo izigqibo zabo zixhomekeke nendlela isicelo. Ngokubanzi, umntu omnye Kucingelwa ifowni ubuncinane isiqingatha isikwere. square metres apho unikezelo yomtshato (seating). Ukuba emthunzini amanqanaba amathathu, ummandla ngamnye yehliswe noko, kunye umthamo elingekho ngaphantsi kwe enye iimitha ezinesiqingatha umntu ngamnye.

izakhiwo zothintelo Civil Defense bexhotyiswe zokuhlala, iibhedi umandlalo, Bamisa izixhobo yococeko yococeko ngesixa isalamane ethile ubunzima labantu lifika. Umzekelo, kwimikhukhu kufuneka ibe yintili ubuncinane enye 200, ukuba kwimveliso (ubuncinane kwi-100, ukuba indawo esicwangciswe kunye esibhedlele). Zakhiwa ngamatsha-ne, iyimithi yomlinganiselo umqadi okanye imigangatho beamless. Ububanzi beendonga eziphathekayo esiphakathi ezilishumi neesentimitha ukuya kwiimitha 0.5. iindonga Ngaphandle zinikwa kukoma-ubushushu ngomaleko ngekhonkrithi, enamagumbi block, zeBlack okanye ongaphezulu, Lungisa inkqubo umoya njl amanzi.

Types and ngezigaba

Ukuhlelwa ezakhiwe ibakhusela wokhuselo yoluntu isekelwe phezu ukwahlukana kwabo yabagula ngengqondo, ezilula zokufihla yesi simo. Eyokuqala kuthiwa inokuba ukukhusela ngokuchasene izinto eziyityhefu, impilo okanye iikhemikhali iimveliso ezinobungozi kunye nabanye. Yeathom yokuhlala eyenzelwe kubagubungela abantu radiation ionizing, uthuli radioactive, zokukhanya ukukhanya, yokothuka lokutshangatshangisa impembelelo neziqhushumbisi namaqhekeza. izakhiwo ezilula emingxunyeni nasemingxunyeni uzaleke, izisele, kooronta mancinane amathuba ukukhusela ngokuchasene nkalo zingasentla kunye nemozulu.

iintlobo ezikhoyo zokhuseleko kwezitraksha zokhuselo yoluntu ayahluka udidi impahla, phantsi kwemiqathango ukwakhiwa (pre-akha okanye sakhiwe ngokukhawuleza), ngokwandla nezakhono (elikhulu kugqalwa yokusabela, zisetyenziswa abantu abangaphezulu kwama-1000). izakhiwo Antiradiation nazo zahlulwe kumgaqo ukwakhiwa ngokukodwa kwaye emalitshintshwe apha naphaya ukukhusela izakhiwo ezikhoyo.

Ngexesha izenzo yakutshanje zomkhosi abantu abaninzi zokhuselo yokuhlala isicwangciso ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, phantse bonke isikhululo pre-imfazwe eMoscow ibhombu ngentsimbi ngokufihlakeleyo zokufihla intloko. Apha, hayi nje kuphela abantu bazifihla, kodwa izinto ezibalulekileyo, ezifana isithuba umyalelo (station "laseKirov"), yaye yabamba iindibano ezingcwele, ezifana mbhiyozo ngomhla we-7 Novemba.