URoerich Elena Ivanovna: ubugcisa kunye neefoto

Inene enkulu ibonakala kuphela kumgama. Yiyo kanye eyenzekayo kunye nelifa lokudala lomlobi waseRussia kunye nomfilosofi u-Elena Ivanovna Roerich. Yonke into ayidala kwisahlulo sokuqala sekhulu lemashumi mabini, wangena kwimpilo yomoya kunye neenkcubeko zaseRussia kungekudala. Imisebenzi ka-EI Roerich yavusa umdla wokwenene kunye nenzulu phakathi kwabahlali bethu abazama ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibandela eminingi yobomi. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza i-biography emfutshane yowesifazane ogqwesileyo.

Ubuntwana kunye nokufunda

URoerich Elena Ivanovna wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg ngo-1879. Uyise wentombazana wayengumakhi owaziwayo-u-Ivan Ivanovich Shaposhnikov. Ngomgca womama u-Elena wayengumhlobo osekude womqambi omkhulu uMPP. Mussorgsky kunye nomalumekazi omkhulu wecandelo loMlawuli M. I. Kutuzov.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, intombazana yabonisa iitalente ezingavamile. Ngoko, uneminyaka engama-7 uE Elena usele wabhala waza wafunda ngeelwimi ezintathu. Kwaye ekubeni ngumntwana osemtsha, waba nomdla kakhulu kwifilosofi nakwincwadi. Imfundo yoMculo uShahhhnikov ifumaneka kwiMariinsky Gymnasium. Bonke ootitshala baqikelele umsebenzi wakhe njengomqhubi wepiyano, kodwa isithuba sichazwe ngenye indlela.

Umtshato

Ngowe-1899 u-Elena Ivanovna wadibana nomculi oselula kunye neetalente uN. K. Roerich. Waba njengengqondo-ntombazana leyo waza waxelela zonke iinkolelo zakhe. Ndiyabulela kwimigangatho ephakamileyo kunye nothando olufanayo lo mbutho unamandla kakhulu. Ubomi babo bonke besetyenziswe ngokubambisana ngokubambisana. Ngowe-1902, uNicholas kunye nendodana kaHelen uYury wazalwa (ngelixesha elizayo uya kuba ngumntu owaziwayo wase-orientalist), ngo-1904 - uSvyatoslav, owalandela ezinyathelweni zikayise.

Ukufudukela e-USA

Emva kwenguqulelo, umndeni wakwaRoerich wawususwa eMlandland. Ukususela ngo-1916, bahlala eFinland, apho uNikolai Konstantinovich wayilungisa impilo yakhe. Emva koko bamenywa eLondon naseSweden, apho iRoerichs ithatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso kunye neendawo ezilungiselelwe indlu ye-opera. Ngowe-1920, u-Nikolai Konstantinovich no-Elena Ivanovna bafika eUnited States. Iqabane elikhawuleza libandakanyeke ngokukodwa kwimisebenzi yenkcubeko. Emva kwexesha, wayenabantwana abancedisa umfazi ukuba avule amaziko amaninzi eNew York-isikhungo sezobugcisa baseCrown Mundi, i-Master Art Institute, kunye ne-Nicholas Roerich Museum. Kungekudala, ngaphantsi kwemibutho, amaninzi emfundo maziko, amaqela okudala kunye neentlangano ezahlukeneyo baye bahlangana, bazama ukuphucula ubomi kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zabantu.

Ukufika eIndiya kunye nokuhamba

URoerichs ixesha elide wayefuna ukutyelela kweli lizwe, esityebi kwizithethe zenkcubeko nezokomoya. Kwaye ngoDisemba 1923 bafika apho. Kwiminyaka embalwa uAlena Ivanovna wathatha inxaxheba kwiminyaka emithathu eyimfuneko yokuhambela kwiindawo ezincinci ezikufuphi nokuba zifikelele e-Central Asia. Umququzeleli walo mcimbi wayeyindoda yakhe.

Isiqalo sokuhamba kweso si-India (iSikkim). Ukusuka kwabo bahamba baya eLadakh, eKashmir naseChina Xinjiang. Umda waseSoviet kwingingqi yaseTien-Shan - apho apho amalungu amathathu ehambo - uNikolai Konstantinovich, uYury Nikolaevich kunye no-Elena Ivanovna - bevela khona. UMoscow waba yindawo elandelayo yokufika kwintsapho yakwaRoerich. Kwinqununu, babambe iqela leendibano ezibalulekileyo, baza bajoyina i-expedition enkulu eya eMongolia ngeBuryatia naseAltai. Emva koko abahambi bangena eTibet ba tyelela uLhasa. Kodwa ngokufanelekileyo phambi kwesi sithili sedolophu baqeshwe ngabameli bamagunya asekuhlaleni. Uhambo lwalufuneka luphile malunga neenyanga ezintlanu kwiintente zasehlotyeni kwiqhwa kunye neqhwala laseCantang. Yayilapha apho i-caravan yafa, kwaye zonke izikhokelo zafa okanye zabaleka. Kwaye kuphela abasemagunyeni abasemaphandleni bavumela ukuba uhambo luqhubeke. Abahambi baya eSikimim ngeTrans-Himalaya.

Ukubhala iincwadi

Ngo-1926, u-Elena Ivanovna wayehlala eUlan Bator (Mongolia). Wayeyishicilela incwadi ethi "Izibakala zobuBuddha." Kulo msebenzi, uRoerich wachaza iimbali eziyingundoqo zefilosofi yokufundisa kukaBuddha: i-nirvana, umthetho we-karma, ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kunye nokuziphatha okunzulu. Ngaloo ndlela, wayephikisa indlela ephezulu ye-Western yokucinga ukuba kwinkolo inikwe umntu uthathwa njengento engabalulekanga, umntu okhohliwe nguThixo.

Intlambo enqabileyo yeKulu (eNtshonalanga ye-Himalaya) - apho, ngo-1928, u-Elena Ivanovna wahamba kunye nosapho lwakhe. Umsebenzi wombhali ngelo xesha wazinikela ngokupheleleyo kwiinkalo zeencwadi kwi-Agni Yoga (i-Teaching of Ethics Living Ethics). Imisebenzi yadalwa ngokubambisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nenani labamafilosofi abangaziwa abangazibiza ngokuba ngabaTitshala, okanye iMimoya Engcwele, okanye iMahatmas.

Iimpawu zokuziphatha eziBomi

Baye baba yideskithophu kubantu abaninzi. Kule mi sebenzi, iingxaki zokuziphatha ziziswa ngaphambili, zibhekiswe kwiimeko zangempela zomntu zomntu ngamnye.

Ukubonakala kweencwadi ze-Ethics Ethics kwaxhunyaniswe ngqo kunye neenkqubo ezenzekayo kubomi bokomoya, inkcubeko kunye nesayensi kwinxalenye yokuqala yekhulu le-20. Kodwa iinjongo eziphambili kwaba "ukuqhuma kwezesayensi", okwabeka isiseko somgaqo-nkqubo opheleleyo wokufunda ngokunyaniseka. Ngelo xesha, ezininzi iingqondo ezigqwesileyo (izazi-ntliziyo NA Berdyaev, PA Florensky kunye no-IA Il'in, kunye noososayensi AL Chizhevsky, KE Tsiolkovsky, VI Vernadsky) bathetha ukungabikho Ingxaki yoluntu ebomini beCosmos. Bathi kwakhona ukuba ngexesha elitsha abantu baya kusebenzisana namanye amazwe.

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpumelelo zanamhlanje zesayensi zeNtshona kunye neemfundiso zasendulo zaseMpuma, i-Ethics Ethics idala inkqubo yolwazi kwaye ibonakalise izinto ezithile zokuguquka kwezendalo zabantu. Icandelo eliphambili yiMithetho. Bayiqonda ukuphuhliswa kwendalo yonke, ukuziphatha kwabantu, ukuzalwa kweenkwenkwezi, ukukhula kwezakhiwo zemvelo kunye nokunyuka kwamaplanethi. Akukho nto ikhona kwiCosmos ngaphandle kwale Mithetho. Le migaqo iphinda iqinisekise ubomi boluntu noluntu lwembali. Kwaye nangona abantu bengayiqondi le nto, abanako ukuphucula ukuhlala kwabo.

"Imilayezo yeMpuma"

Lo msebenzi ngu-EI Roerich wanyatheliswa eParis ngo-1929. Kodwa ekhuseni kwakungenaso isibongo sakhe, kodwa i-pseudonym - J. Saint-Hilaire. "Imisimbozo" ichaza iziganeko zembali zangaphambili kunye neziganeko ezidlulileyo, ezityhila kubantu abangabonakaliyo ebomini boMfundisi abane abaneNtloko - uApollonius of Tian, uKristu, uBuddha noSergius waseRadonezh. U-Elena Ivanovna wanikezela umsebenzi wamva kwangoko. Kuye, uthando lomlobi olunzulu ngolu hlobo lwe-ascetic oludibene nolwazi oluhle lwe-theology kunye nembali.

"Iileta"

Kwilifa le-EI Roerich, bahlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo. Ukuba imfundiso yeeNqobo zoMoya u-Elena Ivanovna, enezithombe ezise-encyclopedias ezininzi zefilosofi, yenziwe ngokubambisana nootitshala, "iincwadi" zaba ngumkhiqizo wakhe wendalo. URoerich wayenesipho esimangalisayo sokukhanyisa. Ukuzama ukululaza ingxaki, yenza ukuba kufumaneka kubantu abaqeqeshwayo. Ngolwimi olulula, u-Elena Ivanovna wachazela kubhala bakhe imibuzo enzima malunga nobuhlobo phakathi komcimbi nomoya, impembelelo yemithetho ye-cosmic, indawo yomntu kwindalo yonke. Isiqulatho sale ncwadi sihlaba ingqalelo nje kuphela ngolwazi olunzulu ngo-Roerich iinkqubo zefilosofi zasendulo, iziganeko zengqondo yabantu baseYurophu nabaseMpuma, kodwa kunye nokuqonda okucacileyo, ngokubanzi ngokubanzi kweziseko.

I heroine kweli nqaku liphendule abantu abanamaqondo ahlukeneyo okuqonda, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ngomoya wokunyamezela nokunyamezela. Kwabaninzi, ukunyamekela kwakhe, isimo sengqondo esifudumele sibe yinkxaso yangempela kwiimeko zobomi ezinzima. E-Riga ngo-1940 kwakusasazwa umqulu weencwadi ezimbini zee-Letters EI Roerich. Lo msebenzi kuphela yincinci encinci yelifa eliphezulu lobunzima bomlobi.

Ixesha lokugqibela

Ngowe-1948 - ngulo nyaka u-Elena Ivanovna washiya ngayo i-Kulu Valley. Ifilosofi, kunye nendodana yakhe uYuri, waya eKhandala naseDelhi (umyeni wombhali wayesele efile). Emva kokuhlala apho ixesha elithile, bagqiba ekubeni bahlale kwidolophana yaseKalimpong (eNdiya).

U-Elena Ivanovna wenza imizamo ephindaphindiweyo yokubuyela eRussia. Wabhala amaxesha amaninzi kwi-Soviet Embassy ngesicelo se-visa, kodwa wayehlala ephikisiwe. Kuze kube sekupheleni komphefumlo wakhe, uRoerich wayenethemba lokubuyela eRashiya ukuzisa konke ubuncwane awayebuthelele kwaye asebenze iminyaka emininzi ngenxa yelizwe lakhe. Kodwa oku akuzange kwenzeke. Ngo-Oktobha 1955, i-heroine yale nqaku yafa eNdiya.

Isiphelo

Iminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi mathandathu idlulileyo ukususela ngo-Elena Ivanovna wadlula. Umsebenzi walo wesifazane obalaseleyo unokuchazwa njengeqhawe ngaphandle kokugqithisa. Xa uqala ukuqhelana naye, kucacile kwaye uyayiqonda ngokucacileyo intsingiselo yemisebenzi eyenziwe nguye. Ilifa elishiywe nguRoerich lihlala liphela. Ngokufunyanwa kwayo kwefilosofi kunye nezesayensi, ijoliswe kwiLizwe elitsha, kwiKamva, apho ubuchule bobuqili buya kuba ngumgaqo, kungekhona.