Izinto ezisemgangathweni zempilo. Uluntu lwezempilo

Akukho mntu onjalo ongafuni ukuba uphile. Esi sinqwenela kubo bonke abantu bokuzalwa kunye namaqhawe. Ngaloo nto ithetha isigqabi esithandwa kakhulu ngexesha lomthendeleko. Sisiphi isiseko sempilo? Yintoni umntu ayenze ukuba aphile ubomi obude nangaphantsi? Yintoni echaphazela imeko yomzimba wethu? Eli nqaku liyakunceda ukuba uqonde oku.

Izinto zezempilo

Umzimba womntu yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngethuba elifanayo, umsebenzi wakhe oqhelekileyo wokuphila unikwa kuphela phantsi kweemeko zecandelo elifanelekileyo lezinto ezintathu. Oku akusiyo kuphela i-biological, kodwa ingqondo, kunye nesiseko sezempilo. Zonke zihlobene ngokusondeleyo, zinobudlelwane beentlanzi. Ngokomzekelo, impilo ye-biological ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kwizentlalo, nakwizentlalo - kwizinto eziphilayo. Kukho uqhagamshelo olufanayo phakathi kwezinye izinto.

ZeMpilo

Eli nqanaba likarhulumente lixhomekeke ngqo kwi-balance balance of those functions done by organes, kwakunye nokuphendula kwabo ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinguqu ezenzeka kwindawo.

Ngethuba le-80 yenkulungwane yokugqibela, izazi ze-WHO zichonge inani elithile malunga nezinto ezenza isiseko sempilo yabantu. Kubonakala ngathi:

- unyango lwezonyango - ukususela kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15%;
- i-genetic predisposition - ukusuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-20%;
- imeko yoluntu - ukususela kuma-20 ukuya ku-25%;
- umfanekiso kunye nezimo zokuphila zabantu - ukusuka kuma-50 ukuya kuma-55%.

Impembelelo kumntu omnye okanye omnye umbandela, apho isiseko sempilo sakhiwe, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ubulili kunye nobudala, iimpawu zomntu kunye nezobugcisa.

Izinto zobomi

Ukuphuhliswa kwanoma yimuphi umgangatho kusungulwe kwangaphambili kwiprogram ezuze ilifa kunye nama-chromosomes yabazali. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu kuthi ngethuba lobomi bomntu zingabonakaliswa kwenye okanye ezinye iziphumo ezinobungozi.

Iziphazamiso zezixhobo zemizimba zixhomekeka kwimpilo yomntu, kumgangatho weemveliso ezizisebenzisayo, kwimeko engqongileyo, kwi-intlawulo engalawulwayo yee-pharmacological agents, kwiimeko ezinzima kwiinkqubo zoluntu nakwezoqoqosho kuluntu, njl. Ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezimbi, ukuguquka kwezinto kubonakala ngathi yizona zizathu Okanye ezinye izifo eziza kuzalwa okanye izibonelelo zabo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphulwa okunjalo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuziphatha kakubi kwabantwana nabomama. Ngaphezu koko, akusiyo imfihlelo ukuba isiseko sempilo yabantwana sabekwa kakade ekuphuhlisweni komntwana. Ibhinqa ngexesha lokukhulelwa lisoloko lungekho umqhubi womsebenzi. Unenkxwaleko yengqondo yecandelo lobuchwepheshe, lwasekhaya kunye nentlalo yoluntu, amaxesha amaninzi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha akayikuyeka imikhwa yakhe embi. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela kakubi izinto ezisiseko zempilo yengane engakazalwa.

Izifo ezibangelwa yimfuyo zenziwa ngokwahlukileyo zibe ngamaqela amathathu. Eyokuqala kubandakanya izifo ezizalwe ngumntwana. Kule meko, umntwana uzalwe nale miqondiso okanye eminye imiqondiso yokuphulwa (ubumpumputhe bombala, i-hemophilia, njl.).

Iqela lesibini liquka izifo eziza kuba nezifo ezibangelwa yimpembelelo engafanelekanga yezinto zangaphandle. Ezi zibandakanya iintsholongwane ezinxulumene nokuphulwa kweenkqubo zokuxilongwa emzimbeni, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nezinye izifo ezininzi.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lwezinto eziphilayo ezichaphazela izinto ezisisiseko zempilo engokwenyama, izibangela zesifo se-ischemic kunye nesifo soxinzelelo, isifo se-asthma, i-atherosclerosis, njl njl. Zonke ezo zifo zidibaniswa nelifa.

Ecology

Ngokuqinisekileyo, iziseko zempilo kunye nezobomi zempilo zixhomekeke ngqo kwizinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, iprogram ezuzwe ngumntu iya kuqinisekisa ukuphuhliswa kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo xa kwenzeka ukuba imeko ezithile zendalo zenzeka.

Inyaniso yokuba yonke into ephilileyo ephasilini inxulumene kunye kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-biosphere yaphawula kwakhona yi-Sechenov. Inzululwazi ithi umntu akakwazi ukuba khona ngaphandle kwemvelo yangaphandle. Ukongezelela koko, kufumaneka kwi-abiotic (geochemical, geophysical) kunye nokuxhamla kwezilwanyana kunye nayo yonke into engqongileyo.

Yintoni imeko yangaphandle yomntu? Le yinkqubo yonke ye-anthropogenic kunye neemeko zendalo kunye nezinto apho ubomi kunye nomsebenzi, kunye nokuphumla kwabantu, kudlula. Le ngcamango ifaka izinto eziphilayo, iikhemikhali kunye nezimo ezichaphazela ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo umsebenzi kunye nemeko yomzimba womntu.

Izinto ezisemgangathweni zokusekwa kwempilo yabantu zidibaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kuzo zonke izixhobo ze-biosphere. Oku kubandakanya izityalo kunye nezinambuzane, ii-microorganisms, njl. Ukuba yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, umzimba womntu ufakwe kulo mjikelezo wezinto ezikhoyo emhlabeni kwaye unyanzelekile ukuba uthobele imithetho yayo.

Kwiziko lezinto eziphilayo ukwenzela ukuba impilo ngamnye kuthi ithinteke kwiinkalo ezininzi zendalo. Kwaye akukhona nje amanzi, umoya kunye nelanga. Indima enkulu idlalwa yimpembelelo yamandla eyahlukeneyo (ukusuka kumbane ukuya kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic yomhlaba wethu).

Impembelelo yendalo kwimpilo yabantu ibonakaliswe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zeemozulu zeendawo zokuhlala. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu basemantla esenyakatho banyanzelekile ukuba bachithe inani elikhulu lamandla obalulekileyo kumzabalazo wobomi babo. Iimeko ezinzima zinokuthelekiswa nendawo apho iimeko zithandwa ngumntu.

Abemi beegacities banokuchaphazeleka ngempembelelo engalunganga yendalo. Emva kwakho konke, kwiidolophu ezinkulu, kukho ezininzi izinto ezonakalisa impilo yethu. Zinefuthe elibi nakwabantu abakhokelela endleleni efanelekileyo yobomi.

Unyango

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba unyango lwempilo luya kubabangela ukuba babeke isiseko esiqinileyo sempilo. Nangona kunjalo, naphezu kwethemba eliqaqambileyo, isabelo sale nkalo, ngokwemibare, iphantsi kakhulu. Kwaye le ngcaciso elula. Inyaniso kukuba ekubhekiseleleni ekuphuhliseni impucuko kunye nokwanda kwezifo, iyeza lisebenzise ingqalelo kwimpilo yabantu.

Namhlanje, oogqirha banomdla okhethekileyo kunyango lwezilwanyana. Baqulunqa amajelo e-pharmacological anemiphumo emibi emzimbeni, ngaloo ndlela ayisoloko ayomeleza.

Ukuthintela izifo

Isiseko sonyango sempilo sisekwekwamukelwa kwamanyathelo okukhusela, ahlukeneyo ngamanqanaba amathathu. Iyokuqala ijoliswe kuzo zonke iindidi zabantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Umsebenzi wokuthintela okunjalo ukuphucula impilo yabantu ebomini babo. Kwaye iindlela eziphambili zeli nqanaba kukuphuhliswa kweengcebiso malunga nendlela yokugcina impilo, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuphila, ukugcinwa kwendlela yokuphila enempilo, njl.

Inqanaba lesibini lokukhusela izifo zonyango lenzelwe ukuchonga izibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo zomntu kunye nezinto ezikhoyo zobungozi. Umsebenzi ofanayo uqhutyelwa ngokubambisana nokuqokelela ulwazi malunga neempawu zobomi kunye nokuziphatha kwindlela ethile yobomi. Ngamanye amazwi, umsebenzi woogqirha kulo mzekelo awugxila kwonyango lwesifo esithile. Kujoliswe ekuthintelekeni kwinqanaba le-pathologies. Kwisakhelo semisebenzi yesigaba sesithathu, oogqirha bazama ukukhusela ukuphindaphinda kwezifo kwizigulane kulo lonke uluntu.

Amava, aqokelelwa ngumsebenzi wonyango kuze kube yimhla, uthetha ngoqoqosho oluphantsi kunye nentlalo ye- HIV yokukhusela izifo. Izinto ezisemgangathweni zokuqinisa impilo yabantwana kunye nabadala zibekwe kumgangatho wokuqala nakwesibini. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bayaqhubeka bejolise kwiinzame zabo zokuthintela. Oogqirha badibana kuphela nabantu abaye bagula, beqhuba uviwo lwabo kwaye baqulunqa unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kukufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukukhusela okuphambili nesekondari kuyisiseko sempilo yoluntu. Yaye kufuneka ihlawule ingqalelo.

Umfanekiso kunye neemeko zobomi

Kodwa isona sizathu esibalulekileyo sokuqala kwezifo namhlanje ngumsebenzi wemihla ngemihla yomntu. Kwaye kunye nemigangatho yokugcina impilo kwimimandla yanamhlanje ihlala kwihambo yokuphila kwabantu ngendlela enempilo . Kuya kuba yindlela ekhuselekileyo yokuthintela zonke izifo.

Indlela ephilileyo yobomi bomntu ngamnye ngumntu ngamnye. Le ngcamango ithatha ingqwalasela iimpawu zomntu ngamnye, ubudala bakhe, isondo, umsebenzi, isimo somtshato, ukhuseleko lwezinto, izimo zokusebenza kunye nokunye okuninzi. Kwingqungquthela yeziseko zempilo, indima ebalulekileyo idlaliswa ngumntu wobomi besikhokelo kunye neempawu zakhe zobuntu. Zonke ezi zinto zingabangela ukuba kubekho inxaxheba enzulu yokuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela ukukhusela izifo.

Ngelishwa, abantu abaninzi bayavuma ukuba ukuqiniswa kwempilo yabo kuyenzeka ngokusebenzisa nayiphi na i-arhente enokuthi ihlambuluke umzimba, izongezo zokutya, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, njl. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ingalunganga. Emva koko, enye, kwaneendlela eziphambili kakhulu azikwazi ukuphazamisa zonke iintlobo zeenkqubo zomzimba womntu, ngasinye sinefuthe ngqo kwizempilo.

Yingakho ngamnye wethu kufuneka agcine inkcubeko yesondlo, usebenze kwaye alahleke iimvakalelo eziphazamisayo (ukwesaba, umsindo, umona, njl.) Ezichaphazela umzimba njengamandla amakhulu okubhubhisa.

LeMpilo yengqondo

Izitho kunye neenkqubo zokubaluleka komzimba womntu zinobudlelwane obusondeleyo. Kodwa zonke iimpembelelo zabo komnye nomnye ziphantsi kokulawulwa rhoqo kwenkqubo ye-nervous. Yingakho isimo sengqondo, esinye sezixhobo zempilo yabantu, kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni yonke into. Le ngcamango inxulumene nomntu kwaye ixhomekeke kwizizathu kunye nezidingo zomntu, kwiimeko zakhe zengqondo kunye nokuphuhliswa kwengqondo.

Impilo yengqondo inokuchazwa njengesidima sengqondo, esinika impendulo eyaneleyo yomntu kuzo zonke iimeko ezivela ebomini bakhe. Ngexesha elifanayo, kubhekiselwa kwingqondo, isizathu kunye neemvakalelo.

LwezeMpilo

Akukho mfihlo yokuba umntu uyintlalo. Yingakho isiseko senhlalakahle sempilo sidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuye. Ikwahlula isimo somzimba apho umntu akwazi ukunxibelelana noluntu.

Izinto ezisemgangathweni zempilo yoluntu zenziwa phantsi kwefuthe loqhagamshelwano nabahlobo kunye nabazali, abafunda nabo kunye nabo basebenzisana nabo, abathandayo, njl. Ngokomzekelo, ukungonakali kokukhuliselwa okanye indawo engonwabileyo kunokukhokelela ekudakaleni komntu. Kule meko, uluntu luya kuthintela kakubi isimo sengqondo somntu ngokwakhe, ukunxibelelana, umsebenzi kunye nabanye abantu.

Ziziphi izixhobo zempilo yoluntu lomntu? Ezi ziquka:

1. Ukuziphatha. Le ngcamango ifaka uluhlu lwemigqaliselo, ukuqhelaniswa, ixabiso, kunye neempawu zokuziphatha zomntu ngamnye, ebonayo ukuba uyinyaniso. Ukuziphatha komntu yinkalo yobuntu kwimpilo yakhe.
2. Ulungelelaniso loluntu. Le yinye yezona zinto ziyinxalenye yempilo yomntu. Iyakubonisa ukuba uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zokuphila okanye imeko yentlalo, kwakunye nokufumana izicombululo ezifanelekileyo zokunqoba izithintelo zengqondo.

Enye yeendlela zokomeleza impilo yentlalo isebenza. Yinto yomsebenzi eyenza umntu abe nemvakalelo yentswelo kunye noluntu, ubonakalisa amandla akhe, kwaye uyamqondisa endleleni yokuphila kakuhle.

Iziseko ezisemthethweni zempilo

Ezi zinto okanye ezinye izinto zentlangano yemisebenzi yoogqirha yabonakala ekuqaleni kwembali yeyeza. Babhekisela kubudlelwane phakathi kwesigulane kunye nompilisi kwaye kwakusekelwe kwimithetho kunye nezithethe ezazisetyenziswa kuluntu.

Umthetho wempilo ukhona namhlanje. Elizweni lethu zibonakaliswe kwimithetho yombuso, imiyalelo kaRhulumente, ama-Decrees of Presidential, njl. Zonke ezi zenzo zomthetho zinika amalungelo kunye nokunyanzelisa izigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango.

Umthetho oyintloko waseRussian Federation, ngokubonga ukuba kwakhiwa isiseko somthetho sempilo yabemi belizwe, umGaqo-siseko wamukelwa ngowama-1993. Iingqendu zesahluko sesibini zenza inkululeko namalungelo aseRussia, echaphazela ukhuseleko lobomi kunye nempilo yabantu bonke, kunye nemisebenzi yabasebenzi bezonyango.

UMgaqo-siseko ubeka imigaqo elandelayo:

- ilungelo lokuphila;
- isiqinisekiso sokhuseleko loluntu xa kukho ukugula kunye nobudala;
- ilungelo lokukhulula unyango lwezempilo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, njl.

Ngokusetyenziswa kwemimiselo yoMGaqo-siseko weRussia Federation, i-Fundamentals of Legislation malunga nokukhuselwa kwempilo yoluntu yamkelwe. Olu xwebhu luyisiseko esisemthethweni esivumela ukuba kuphuculwe ubudlelwane obukhoyo kwinkqubo yezempilo.

Iingxaki zempilo yoluntu kwiiNkcazo ziqwalaselwa kwinqanaba likazwelonke, kwaye imimiselo esemthethweni equlethwe kulo xwebhu ifaka uluhlu olubanzi lweentlalontle. Ezi ziquka ezo zenzeke kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokutsho koMgaqo-siseko, umsebenzi welizwe ukukhusela impilo yabemi bawo kukudibanisa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko, ezococeko-zonyango kunye nezenzululwazi, unyango kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nenkcubeko.