Uvavanyo lwePirke: ukufundwa, ukuphononongwa kweziphumo

Isifo sesifo sofuba sisifo esasifanelekileyo sisifo esasifumanekayo esingafunyanwa ngokoqobo nakweliphi na ilizwe kwihlabathi. Esi sifo singenzeka ngenxa ye-ingress yeebhaktheriya ezahlukeneyo okanye iintonga zikaKoch emzimbeni. Esi sifo sisoloko sisasazwa ngamaconsi kwaye sinezibonakaliso ezinzima, ezi:

• Utywala;
• Ukukhwehlela okumanzi;
• Hemoptysis;
• Ubuthathaka;
• Isimo somlilo;
• Ukulahleka kwesisindo;
• Ukukhupha ebusuku.

Iimvavanyo zeT Tuberculin zichasene phambi kwezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesikhumba, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi, isifo se-asthma, isifo sokuxhamla, izifo ezithathelwanayo. Musa ukwenza isampuli kunye nangenyanga enye emva kokujova kwe-immunoglobulin okanye isampula ye-biological.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba

Isiseko selungu elonakaliswe kwisifo sofuba ngumpompo. Ezinye izitho zangaphakathi azifaneki zinezifo ezinjalo. Kunokwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise isifo sesifo sofuba ngoncedo lwe-fluography, i-CT (i-computed tomography), i-radiography, uvavanyo lwe-tuberculin ye-skin (uvavanyo lwe-Pirke) kunye nezinye iintlobo zeemvavanyo zelabhoratri. Ukuxilonga isifo, ugonyo lwenziwe kanye ngonyaka.

Iyintoni impendulo yovavanyo oluxutywe

Enye yeendlela zokuhlola iintsholongwane zesifo sofuba sisifo sePirke. Olu vavanyo lwe-immunological luyakwazi ukubonisa ukuba kukho ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ekhulayo, kwinqanaba lokuqala. Ukuphendula komzimba ekubonakala kwe-tuberculin kuthiwa yindlela yokuphendula ngayo ePirke, kwaye ibonisa ukuvelela kwendalo kunye ne- mycobacteria yesifo sofuba. I-sampuli yasePirke nayo yenziwe kwizigulane sele sele zikhulile njengeqela elidala njengoluhlalutyo lolawulo ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwonyango.

Isampuli sakhiwo

Ukubunjwa kweesampuli kubandakanya i-tuberculin - oku kuluhlu olukhethekileyo ukusuka kwintshontsho yaseKoch bacilli, eyabuyiselwa emuva ngo-1890 ngumgqirha waseJamani uRobert Koch. Nguye lo ugqirha owaba nguvulindlela wesifo esinjalo njengesifo sofuba. Ukukhutshwa kwaqala ngowe-1907. Ekuqaleni, lucoca ulusu kwaye lulandele ukusabela, kwaye emva kokuba i-tuberculin yaqala ukuzama ukujoba ngaphantsi.

Kuza kube yimhla, isampula yePirka, equka umxube weentlobo ze-filtrate ezibuleweyo ze-microbacteria zeentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezifuyo, kubonakala kubantu abaninzi beeminyaka ezahlukileyo. Ukongeza kwi-static substance - tuberculin, isampuli yePirke ifaka izinto ezinje ezongezelelweyo:

• Isisombululo se- phosphate yesinci ;
• I-chloride ye sodium.

Oku kwenzeka ntoni?

Umgaqo wezenzo zesampuli, obunokubunjwa kwawo kusekelwe kwi-tuberculin, sisisigxina sokusetyenziswa kwesilwanyana. Isembozo sesikhumba se-forearm okanye ihlombe sichithwe kakuhle kuphela nge-carbolic acid, kuba izinto ezinotywala zishiya ulusu elukhumbeni, olungathandekiyo ukufezekisa uhlalutyo. Izinto eziboniswe esikhumbeni zenziwa ngoncedo lwe-scarifier ezingaphezulu kwama-5 mm. Isigulane simele silinde ukuya kwi-5 imizuzu de kube sisisombululo, kwaye i-residues iyacinywa ngobumnene ngephepha leshidi. Emva kwenkqubo, isigulane siyagcinwa kwiiyure ezingama-48 kwaye impendulo kwinto ehlalutyiweyo.

Ngenxa yokusungulwa kwe-tuberculin kwisiza semirhubhe, kubakho ukuvuvukala okuthile (i-papula), ebangelwa ukuqokelela kwe-T-lymphocytes. Ziloo maseli egazi anoxanduva lokuzikhusela okungenasifo. Isikhumba simboba singatshintsha umbala kunye nokuxininisa kwindawo ye-papule. Le ndlela yokuxilonga isetyenziswe ngokungaqhelekanga ngenxa yenkcazelo yayo ephantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-diagnostic. Emva kokuba isampuli yenziwe kwaye ngaphambi kokuba iziphumo zinganconywa:

• Nisela indawo apho isampuli yenziwe khona;
• Sula ipapule ngamachiza athile okanye amafutha.
• Ukutywina i-papule nge-plaster;
• Ukudibanisa okanye ukukrazula.

Iziphumo

Ngokomyinge, xa uvavanyo lwePirke lwenziwa, iziphumo zivavanywa emva kweentsuku ezingama-2-3, oko kukuthi, iiyure ezingama-48-72. Endaweni apho kuqhathaniswa khona imiqwenga, i-irritation ibonakala. Ummandla wakhe ulinganiswa oogqirha. Iziphumo zihlelwe ngale ndlela, xa uvavanyo lwePirke lwenziwa:

• Isiqhelo siyabonwa ngesilinganiselo esincinane somlinganiselo wamaphepha (ngokulingana ukuya kuma-5 mm);
• Isibonakaliso se-3 mm sibonisa isidingo sokugonywa kwakhona kwakhona nokuhlaziywa kwakhona kwesiphumo sokucaphukisa;
• Ukuba i-papule enobukhulu be-4 ukuya kwi-10 mm ifunyenwe, oku kuthetha ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yesifo sofuba okanye ubukho bomntu kwinqanaba lomngcipheko (oko kukuthi, uhlala udibana nomntu osulelekileyo);
• Ukuba ugxininiso lokucaphukisa lunama-10 ukuya kwi-15 mm ngobukhulu okanye izilonda zitholakala kwiziko lokugonywa, ke le nqondiso ibonisa amathuba amakhulu okusuleleka ngesifo sofuba.

Uvavanyo oluphumelele

Olu hlobo lophando luphuculweyo kwaye luyilwaphulo lwesilwanyana ngeempawu ezimbalwa. Ngokungafani nenkoqobo yendabuko yolu vavanyo, uvavanyo olugqityiweyo luyakuvumela ukuba ufumanise ukuxabisa okuhlukileyo kwintsebenzo kwinkqubo yokufumanisa uhlobo lokungabikho komzimba kwi-tuberculin. Uvavanyo lwesikhumba lwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwesikhumba se-tuberculin nge-100%, i-25%, i-5% kunye ne-1% yoxinaniso. Ukulungiswa kwesilwanyana kuqhutyelwa ngendlela efanayo nokuhlolwa kwePirates. Ukusetyenziswa oku kusetyenziswe ngokucwangcisiweyo, kwaye iipipettes ezimiselweyo ezihlukeneyo zisetyenzisiweyo. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo kuphela ezisetyenziselwa isigulane ngasinye. Emva kokubonakala kwe "roller white" ungasusa i-remains of tuberculin. Olu hlobo lokuxilongwa luvame ukuqhutyelwa ukwenzela ukuchonga ukuphumelela kwonyango lwesifo sofuba.

Iziphumo zovavanyo oluphumelele

Uvavanyo lwe-Skin Graduated test of Grinchar neKarkovvsky luvavanywa emva kweeyure ezingama-48-72 emva kwenkqubo. Kukhona iimpendulo ezinjalo zomzimba kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo ze-tuberculin:

• Impendulo ye-Anergic (akukho mpendulo kwiimvavanyo);
• Ukuphendula okungabonakaliyo (unokwazi ukubona obomvu kuphela kwisampuli kunye noxinzelelo lwe- 100% yesisombululo) ;
• Ukuphendula ngokuqhelekileyo (impendulo echanekileyo kwi-tuberculin iyabonwa, kwaye ukuphendula kwisampuli nge-5% kunye ne-1% isisombululo asikho ngokupheleleyo);
• Ukuphendulwa kwe-Hyperergic (esi siphumo sibonakaliswa impendulo kuzo zonke iintlobo zeesampuli, ukuphakama kwe-tuberculin kwisisombululo, ukuphendula okungakumbi);
• Ukulinganisa uhlobo lokusabela (zonke iisampuli ezenziwe zinamaphepha afanayo, umbala wesikhumba kunye nobungakanani be-foci of inflammation);
• Ukuphendula okutshatyalaliswayo (kwi-concentration ephezulu ye-tuberculin kwisampuli, impendulo echazwe ngakumbi).

Ngoko, siye saqwalasela indlela enjalo yokuxilongwa njengolu vavanyo lwePirke. Isiphumo saso asithethi ngesimo sesi sifo emzimbeni okanye amandla omntu wokusulela abantu abanempilo. Kubonisa kuphela ukuphendula kwendalo kunye ne-agent engumnxeba wesifo sofuba. Uvavanyo lwePirke (ukusabela kukaMantou yindlela engafanelekanga) kuthathwa njengesinyanzeliso sokubamba ebuntwaneni.