Izinto Pure kunye nemixube zayo. Iindlela ukwahlulwa kwimixube

Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ntoni na izinto nyulu kunye nemixube, neendlela eyahlula imixube. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, isebenzisa zabo ngamnye kuthi. Kwaye nokuba ifumaneka izinto indalo-friendly? Nendlela ukwahlula kwimixube?

izinto Pure kunye nemixube yayo; iindlela ukwahlula umxube wezinto

ngokuba izinto ngoqaqambileyo eziqulathe amasuntswana kwezinto eziphilayo ethile kuphela. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba uhlobo zabo phantse azikho kwa-ukubakho, ekubeni bonke, nangona etyhutyha ngomzuzu, ziqulathe ukungcola. Ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto njengoko enyibilikayo emanzini. Kwanaxa sokuvalwa engamanzi, umzekelo, isangqa isilivere ion metal ibe isisombululo.

A uphawu kwezinto obumsulwa kuqamba rhoqo kunye neempawu zomzimba. Xa inkqubo ukubunjwa kwabo utshintsho amandla. Ngaphezu koko, kungaba zombini ukwanda kunye bunciphe. Yahlula into ecocekileyo zibe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kuphela ngokusebenzisa indlela chemical. Umzekelo, amanzi aye kuphela distsillirovannaya okufana le mbiza eziphathekayo kunye neGauteng, ukunqongophala incasa kunye nevumba. A ukubola oxygen yehayidrojini kunokwenzeka kuphela electrolysis.

Kwaye yintoni yahlukile izinto ehlambulukileyo athathwe kunye? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, siya kunceda chemistry. Iindlela zokuhlukana ngumxube ngokwasemzimbeni, kuba ukutshintsha ubume imichiza kwezinto. Ngokungafaniyo ziimveliso ezisulungekileyo, imixube ezi ukwakhiwa ezingazinzanga neempawu, kwaye kwahlulwa ngeendlela emzimbeni.

Yintoni na umxube

Mix luluhlu kwezinto ngamnye. Umzekelo bayo olwandle. Ngokungafaniyo distsillirovannoy, isiphathele incasa ekrakra okanye ezinetyuwa, amathumba kwindawo ephezulu, kodwa ngumkhenkce kwiqondo eliphantsi. Iindlela ukwahlulwa umxube wezinto substances ngokomzimba. Ngoko ke, amanzi olwandle uyakwazi ukufumana ityuwa engcwengekileyo abe ngumphunga kunye crystallization elandelayo.

Types imixube

Ukuba ufaka amanzi aneswekile, emva komzuzwana amasuntswana zayo ziya ukunyibilika kwaye babe ezingabonakaliyo. Ngenxa yoko, abanako azakubalulwa ngeliso lenyama. imixube ezinjalo kuthiwa yohlobo olunye okanye eyohlobo olulodwa. Imizekelo yalo kananjalo umoya, ipetroli, umhluzi, oomoya, amanzi amnandi ezinetyuwa, i intsila lobhedu aluminiyam. Njengoko ubona, umxube yohlobo olunye banokuba States ezahlukeneyo udibaniso, kodwa ulwelo zixhaphakileyo. Bebizwa nazo izisombululo.

Kwimixube owahlukeneyo okanye owahlukeneyo amasuntswana zingahlukaniswa izinto ngamnye. Iron neenkuni kwimbuphu yesarha, isanti kunye netyuwa yimizekelo zabo ekuso. imixube Inhomogeneous ukuba nezaziwa ukumiswa. Phakathi kwabo ukwahlula ukumiswa kunye emulsions. Ukubunjwa iquka ulwelo lokuqala kunye okuqinileyo. Ngenxa yoko, i emulsion ngumxube ngamanzi nesanti. Emulsion luluhlu ulwelo ezimbini ezinoxinwano ezahlukeneyo.

Kukho umxube owahlukeneyo kwaye ezinamagama ezithile. Ngenxa yoko, i umzekelo istro amagwebu, kunye olutshizwa ziquka inkungu, umsi, deodorants, Izihlaziyi umoya, antistatics.

Iindlela ukwahlulwa kwimixube

Ngokuqinisekileyo, iikhompawundi abaninzi iipropati ngcono ngaphezu izinto ngamnye sithathwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukwakheka zabo. Kodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla kukho iimeko xa kufuneka ukwabelana. Kwaye kushishino inkqubo siye ngokusekelwe yonke imveliso. Ngokomzekelo, ukususela ioli ngenxa processing ipetroli efunyenweyo, gasoil, iparafini, i-oyile amafutha, nakwioli yawo umatshini kunye solyarovoe, njengeziqhubeli, iasithilini kunye benzene. Vumelanani, kungcono ukuba basebenzise ezi mveliso, kwendiwe, kunokutshiseka ioli bengacinganga.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba kukho into enje njengoko iindlela lweekhemikhali eyahlula imixube. Masithi, ukususela isisombululo ityuwa zolwelo, kufuneka ukuba ufumane into enyulu. Kulo mxube lisenziwa shushu ngako. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi lujika lube umphunga, kwaye ityuwa acacisa. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi kwenzeke inguqu kwezinye izinto zibe kwabanye. Oku kuthetha ukuba isiseko yale nkqubo ke ophathekayo.

Iindlela ukwahlulwa kwimixube zixhomekeke ngobume udibaniso, ubuchule ukunyibilika umahluko abilayo lobushushu, ukuxinana nokwakhiwa yeencindi. Makhe siqwalasele nganye yezi ngokweenkcukacha ngemizekelo ethile.

yokuhluza

Le ndlela efanelekileyo ukwahlulwa kwimixube eziqulathe ulwelo kuso, kunye okuqinileyo ezingenakunyibilika. Umzekelo, amanzi kunye nesanti umlambo. Lo mxube kufuneka adlule lokucoca ulwelo. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi acocekileyo uya kudlula ngokukhululekileyo kulo, intlabathi iya kuhlala.

azinze

Ezinye iindlela eyahlula imixube ezisekelwe intshukumo womxhuzulane. Ngaloo ndlela izinto mhlophe ukuba ibolile ukumiswa kunye emulsions. Ukuba hit oli yemifuno, umxube onjalo kufuneka kuqala vuthululani amanzi. ushiye ke okwethutyana. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi iya kuba phezu ezantsi enqanaweni, kwaye ngendlela ifilimu oyile iya kukugubungela kuyo.

Phantsi kweemeko elebhu ukuba neentlenge usebenzisa ifanele separatory. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwalo ngakumbi ulwelo ashinyeneyo akhutshelwa isitya, kwaye ukukhanya ihleli.

inkqubo Kuse- luphawulwa isantya sokuqukuqela eliphantsi. Kufuneka kukho ixesha elithile ukwakha lendle. Xa iimeko industrial, le nkqubo oluqhutywa kwizakhiwo ezikhethekileyo ebizwa sumps.

isenzo umazibuthe

Ukuba ukwakheka ibandakanya umxube otyhidiweyo, oku kwahlulwa kunye umazibuthe wakhe. Umzekelo, ukuba bazahlule intsimbi kunye nomthi kwimbuphu yesarha. Kodwa ingaba zonke iintsimbi ilifa iipropati ezinjalo? Akunjalo konke. Kuba le ndlela kuphela imixube efanelekileyo equlathe ferromagnets. Ukongezelela ayina kwaye ziquka nickel, ayibe, gadolinium, iithegi, ऍक्सेस ufikelelo ngqo kwimemori, holmium, erbium.

neyanamhlanje

Eli gama liguqulelwe Latin lithetha "achontsizayo tsakisi." Neyanamhlanje inikeza iindlela ukwahlula imixube ngokusekelwe umahluko abilayo izinto ngongoma. Ngoko ke, nkqu bume egodukayo angohlulwa utywala kunye namanzi. Le nkcazelo lokuqala uqala ukuba ngumphunga kubushushu degrees 78 Celsius. Ethetha imiphezulu ezibandayo umphunga utywala ngamafuphi, kuba lulwelo.

Kwishishini le ndlela, iimveliso ioli lokulungisa phunga, isinyithi ecocekileyo.

Abe ngumphunga kunye crystallization

Ezi iindlela ezifanelekileyo ukwahlula umxube kwezisombululo ulwelo. Substances ezifakwe kumafa zabo, amanqaku okubila ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufumana iswekile okanye ityuwa Iikristale emanzini apho itshatyalaliswa. Kule neqhinga itshiswa ngumphunga isimo ifumile. Kulo mzekelo, ziikristale ukuba sivete. Ukuba kuyimfuneko ukufumana amanzi acocekileyo, ngoko ke isisombululo kwaziswa abilayo kunye amafu kwe kunyuka kwindawo ebandayo.

Iindlela ukwahlulwa kwimixube igesi

Lo mxube sukube siyahlukana elebhu kunye neendlela industrial kuba le nkqubo ifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Aphila ngayo imvelaphi yendalo umoya, coke, ijenereyitha, negesi ezinxulumene yendalo, nto leyo isethi hydrocarbon.

iindlela Physical wokwahlukaniswa kwimixube, oku kulandelayo sikarhulumente sukube:

• Ulweliso - yinkqubo lungapholi chu umxube, apho amafu amalungu ayo. Kule kuqala kudlule izinto okubila eliphezulu ulwelo sostonie, ezo abayiqokeleleyo sahluli. Ngaloo ndlela zingafumaneka coke-eziko igesi, hydrogen, kunye ammonia eyayohlulwe inxalenye unreacted umxube.
• Sorption - kukufakwa kwezinye izinto ezinye. Le nkqubo inamacandelo uphikisana phakathi apho lizama wamiswa basabela. ifuna iimeko ezahlukeneyo phambili kwaye reverse inkqubo. Kwimeko yokuqala, indibanisela koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo asezantsi. Loo nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba sorption. Kwimeko esahlukileyo, kukho iimeko malungana: uxinzelelo ephantsi kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.
• Le inwebu ngokwahlukana - indlela asebenzise semipermeable impahla izahlulelo apho emane kudlula iimolekyuli kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
• Reflux - amafu kumxube izabelo ophezulu okubila lungapholi zabo. kufuneka ukuba amaqondo obushushu utshintsho kwi imeko ulwelo yeekhomponenti ngamnye zahluke kakhulu.

chromatography

Igama le ndlela anokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "color ngokubhala". Cinga nje ukuba amanzi Kongezelelwa inki. Xa efafazwe kumxube ekupheleni kwephepha filter ke, kuya kuqalisa ukuba ugxile. Amanzi uya wendele ngokukhawuleza inki ukuba lu dityanisiwe namaqondo kwezinto sorbed. Chromatography yindlela nje kuphela kwimixube eyahlula, kodwa ngokufunda iimpawu izinto ezifana kwe- nokuba iyanyibilika na.

Ngoko ke, siye sadibana izinto ezifana "izinto esulungekileyo" kunye "imixube". I zangaphambili ezi zinto okanye imichiza ezinama kuphela amasuntswana luhlobo oluthile. Imizekelo yabo ityuwa, iswekile, distsillirovannaya amanzi. Umxube - indibanisela kwezinto ngamnye. Ukuze bahlukane usebenzisa iqela iindlela. A indlela yokuzahlula kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ebonakalayo kumalungu ayo. Abo ezinkulu ziquka ukulungisa, komphunga, crystallization, ukuhluza, neyanamhlanje, chromatography kunye nesenzo umazibuthe.