Izixhobo "kidney ngumntu": iimpawu, indlela yokusebenza kunye nohlaziyo

Izintso ukwenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo kakhulu emzimbeni, kuba ngoncedo lwabo nyulu igazi, ubonisa ngokugqithiseleyo kolwelo, ngokunjalo normalizes kwityala lamanzi-obrak. Ukupheliswa kulo mzimba kukhokelela ukunxila kunye nokufa isigulane. Ukuthintela ukufa nokuphucula imeko yomntu impilo phambi ukusebenza esinye, sebenzisa isixhobo "kidney yokwenziwa".

Kutheni Kufuneka ihaemodialysis

Ngenxa yenani ezahlukeneyo ezimbi ezisebenzayo kwithishyu sezintso kabukhali kunciphisa. Esi simo kuthiwa ukusilela kwezintso. Kukho izizathu ezithile ezinegalelo livela, ingakumbi, ezifana:

• pyelonephritis;
• izifo oncologic;
• iinkqubo ewisa metabolic;
• izifo hematopoiesis.

ukusilela kwezintso Uxhokonxwa kukhokelela ukunxila ukuya zemali igazi iimveliso pathways nobumdaka, kwakunye nokususwa ngokwaneleyo ulwelo elungileyo.

Kulo mzekelo ubonisa ukuba abohlukeneyo organ, kodwa inkqubo elindele exhasanayo efanelekileyo kunokuba ixesha elide, ngoko ke iyunithi kusetyenziswa "kidney yokwenziwa". Ihaemodialysis kunceda wandise ubomi umguli, lwenza kube lula ukugcina urhulumente oluqhelekileyo phambi ukufakelwa, kwaye kananjalo likuvumela ukuba ukuphila ubomi obuxakekileyo.

Eyona engundoqo iintlobo zoomatshini

Ihaemodialysis kunokwenzeka kuphela esibhedlele, kodwa ekhaya, njengoko kukho izixhobo ezincinane ukusetyenziswa ekhaya okanye wear oluqhubekayo.

Ukusuka kwindawo esebenzayo imbono yohlukile izixhobo "kidney ngumntu" kuphela ezinye iimpawu zobugcisa indawo ye ndizayo. Kwakhona, ezibaluleke kakhulu umgangatho workability, ezesizwe izixhobo zale mihla isisombululo walungisa izixhobo ngokwayo ngokungqinelana izalathi ekhoyo.

inkqubo yokubeka esweni ukhuseleko elungileyo ngokwaneleyo kwaye ivumela ukuba ubenemboniselo yangaphezulu yazo utshintsho loxinzelelo okanye ihemoglobin, uze ngokuzimeleyo ukunyenyisa ukwakhiwa sisombululo. Noko ke, oko kwenza kuphela izixhobo enkulu "kidney ngumntu" ingxoxo +, kwakunye nezixhobo Gambra, Baxter-1550 zisetyenziswa kwindawo esibhedlele. Ukuba nokwenzeka imifuziselo eziphathwayo, ingakumbi ezo eyenzelwe enxibe ibhanti, abambalwa kakhulu.

Wokucoca ezibhedlela

Izixhobo zonyango Modern ukuba ihaemodialysis amele ikhompyutha ekhawulezileyo ngqo iliso nomonde kunye nohlalutyo iparameters ezisemgangathweni kunye ngokuqhubekayo. unit Good ngokwaneleyo kwaye esebenza ithathwa ukuba isixhobo "kidney ngumntu" "Fresenius". main inzuzo yayo ithathwa ukuba yokuba ababhekisi phambili saphumeza software mihla. Oku kuvumela, amagqirha, ukuba ukufezekisa nokubeka iliso rhoqo.

Izixhobo "lokwenziwa kidney" 4008S unako ngokuzenzekelayo ukubala isantya yemali isisombululo, ulawula idosi, iqwalasela inqanaba mpilo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi lalibalwa.

izixhobo eziphathekayo yasekhaya

Ngoku ngokubanzi wavelisa izixhobo zokusetyenziswa ekhaya. Abavelisi izixhobo "kidney ngumntu" nyaka ngamnye bayanda nokuphucula iimveliso zabo, kwaye eyona mihla kuzo zibekwe phezu ibhanti uze uhlolisise kg nje 4-7. Kulo mzekelo, ihaemodialysis yenziwa imihla ngemihla, kunye nexesha uphathwa malunga 2-4 iiyure. Oogqirha abaninzi bakholelwa kule ndlela ngempumelelo kakhulu, ngoko kumazwe aseYurophu kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ixabiso isixhobo "kidney ngumntu" ukusetyenziswa ikhaya kakhulu eliphezulu (ukusuka ku-5 amawaka. Dollars), abaninzi bakhetha ukusebenzisa olu hlobo mveliso.

Izinto eziluncedo iphambili yale ndlela ziquka ukhuseleko usebenziso olulula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye downsides kwisixhobo, ezibandakanya iindleko eziphezulu kunye nemfuneko esweni umsebenzi wezempilo, ingakumbi ekuqaleni.

umsebenzi kidney lokwenziwa

Izixhobo "kidney ngumntu" lisetyenziswa apho umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa umsebenzi walo 85-90%. Le yunithi kusiza:

• ukususa ukusuka urea igazi;
• ukuphucula iinkqubo metabolic;
• ukurhoxisa ulwelo surplus;
• ukulawula imali acid-base;
• ukuthintela egazi.

Ukongeza, kuyanceda Akothusi ukufumanisa igazi kunye umoya, ukuze ngokwenjenjalo kuphuculwe kakuhle-ntle yesigulane. Ngenxa izixhobo eziphathwayo mihla enokwenziwa ihaemodialysis nangaliphi na ixesha, ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho.

kanjani umatshini

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo izixhobo "kidney ngumntu" isekelwe kwinto yokuba ifowuni kuthatha igazi isigulane, ucoca kwaye ibuyisela umva. Isixhobo iqulathe iibhloko ezi-3 ezingundoqo ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. unit unyango igazi iquka pump yezithuthi, inkqubo yayo zokususa umoya kwakunye nabenzi boluvo ababanikezelayo esweni umgangatho xi ngemithambo yegazi. Unit ukudala isisombululo kuquka ukuxuba inkqubo lwamanzi kunye mxube. Apha kuquka yolawulo loseto kunye Ubhaqo inqanaba wokucoca igazi in isisombululo. Le dialyzer iquka inwebu for olugqitha esikhumbeni.

Ngokutsho isixhobo yayo isakhiwo inokuba ipleyiti okanye capillary. izixhobo Plate luphawulwa yokuba ngoncedo lwabo Kulula kakhulu ukuba ubenemboniselo yangaphezulu yazo ukuhluza igazi, yaye ukunciphisa ingozi thrombosis.

izixhobo Capillary zisingathwa ekuwo kusetyenziswa inwebu apho igazi esidla kwicala elinye kwaye ibuyisela isisombululo dialysate, alungele ukusetyenziswa kwixesha elide.

Iqela izazinzulu 2010 yavelisa izixhobo ingenisa emzimbeni wakhe, kwaye isicelo ngempumelelo kuyo practice. Loo isixhobo Ngokomzi yaye abangele ubuhlungu. Isebenza ngokuncama igazi kokunyanzelwa kwaye ayifuni umbane.

Umgaqo unit operation

Umgaqo esebenza ngayo izixhobo "kidney ngumntu" isekelwe kwinto yokuba idibanisa inkqubo yokujikeleza yabantu, igazi kwinkqubo lwemithambo iqala ukuhamba ndizayo. Kwelinye icala ingena isisombululo dialysis zokuhlanjululwa. Ngenxa yoko, igazi nokulahla ityhefu. Emva koko, ke igazi okuhlamba ondliwa umva kwinkqubo lwemithambo.

Le dialysate sikulungele kwangaphambili, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu kumguli imeko yakhe. izixhobo kudala inkqubo ngokuzimeleyo isisombululo, esebenzisa amanzi Yek kwaye ziqwalaselwa ngokwezi iparameters ezikhoyo arhente. Kulandela inkqubo kuvavanywa impembelelo yayo eziliqela iparameters.

Ihaemodialysis umatshini kwi "kidney yokufakelwa"

Blood Ukuhlanjululwa ngokubanzi wenziwe izihlandlo 2-4 ngeveki. Xa ukuhamba ngendlela zale sifo ubonisa ekusebenziseni zemihla ngemihla. Le nkqubo ngokwawo lilawulwa ngugqirha okanye kwi- resuscitator kwaye ingathatha ixesha iiyure ezi-2 ukuya ku-7.

Ihaemodialysis olwenziwa esibhedlele okanye ezingalaliswayo basekliniki. Phambi kokuba inkqubo, isigulane kufuneka uthelekiswe ukujonga umlinganiselo wokubanzi kwemfuneko ekufuneka emke emzimbeni kwaye umlinganiselo izinga lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Isigulane ahlale esitulweni, ugqirha ufaka catheter kwi vein kwaye uyanamathela kwi kwisixhobo. Igazi shi kwegumbi dialyzer, uze udlula inkqubo ukuhluza waza wabuya ngendlela lihlanjululwe emva emzimbeni. UKwakhiwa yesisombululo eyavela sizimisele ngayinye isigulane ngasinye.

Ngexesha wehemodialysis, isigulane kufuneka ibe ukuzola ulale. Emva koko, lo inqanaba umlinganiselo umxholo urea.

Izimvo ezigulane kunye oogqirha ukuba baqhube ihaemodialysis edidayo. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le usindiso kuphela, xa kungekho ithuba abohlukeneyo. Oogqirha bathi Bulelani kokufika koomatshini mihla le nkqubo iye yaba ikhuseleke kunye nokuziphatha eyiyo izigulane zalo ubomi iminyaka 20-30. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile yokugcina yokuphila esempilweni kwaye itye.

Ezinye izigulane ingxelo emva unyango ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ngokunjalo kubola. Oogqirha bathi ukuba umzimba lomntu ngamnye ezahlukeneyo, ngoko umele alindele ukuba kwawo izixhobo kubantu ezahlukeneyo.

Izinto ezibonisa ukuba inkqubo

Izixhobo "kidney ngumntu" lisetyenziswa kwiimeko lwezidumbu, xa kungekho ndlela yimbi kucoca igazi ityhefa lwasemoyeni nobumdaka. Yayibubungqina ezingundoqo le nkqubo zezi:

• ukusilela renal;
• angakwazi;
• pyelonephritis;
• gipergidratsiya;
• Ukonakaliswa izinto eziyityhefu;
• Ukonakaliswa nge ethyl utywala.

Zonke ezi zifo ayithethi ngokupheleleyo ngenxa zokuhlanjululwa igazi, ngoko phambi kokuba inkqubo yokuqeshwa, kufuneka athathe igazi nomchamo uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa inqanaba kwezinto eziyingozi. Kusenokuba kuqesha seswekile, njengoko amazinga eswekile yegazi nganye, nto leyo inceda ukwandisa ubomi umguli.

Izimo ukuba inkqubo

Ihaemodialysis uye Izimo ezithile ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Izimo ziquka iimeko ezifana:

• izifo igazi;
• nesifo sentliziyo;
• umonakalo kwindlela yokusebenza engundoqo kunye ezahlukeneyo ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo;
• isifo esosulelayo;
• BP kakhulu;
• tuberculosis amalungu zangaphakathi;
• izifo oncological.

Ukongeza, omnye Izimo ithathwa ubudala isigulana kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-80.

itye

Iziphumo ihaemodialysis luxhomekeke kakhulu ukutya. Kulo mzekelo, ukungathotyelwa ekutyeni kunokukhokelela kubola. Yena wabelwe qho ngamnye, kuba kubalulekile ukuba uthathe ingqalelo izindululo nephrologist, cardiologist kunye endocrinologist. Imithetho-siseko engundoqo ekutyeni zezi:

• ngcathu yetyuwa;
• kubulawe evela ukutya ukudla okune potassium;
• Ngaphandle izitya ezikhuthaza ukugcinwa fluid;
• ulawulo yemali ikhalsiyam emzimbeni;
• ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa iilekese.

Kwakhona enqwenelekayo ukunciphisa inani fluid esweni ubunzima bazo, njengoko iseti kilograms ezininzi ibonisa nezingafezekanga. iimveliso ezinqwenelekayo ubilise okanye ukupheka ukuba isibini. Nutrition kufuneka ibe iqhekeza, efezekileyo.

Kunokwenzeka iingxaki side effects

Inkqubo nokucoca igazi akunjalo ekhuselekileyo ngendlela esingathanda. Artificial kidney, kwezinye iimeko, ilothe, ujike iziphumo ezifana:

• abafuna esikhumba kwisiza kwe catheter;
• ekunciphiseni erythrocytes;
• iincopho wegazi;
• kwamalunga nobuhlungu imisipha;
• zokulala;
• ukuncipha ngamandla amathambo.

Kukho kwakhona umngcipheko iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu, ezifana ezifana ukudumba pericarditis. Mhlawumbi ukusilela lwezixhobo, kwabangela ukufa umguli.