Izizathu zeentliziyo ziyabubula kumntwana, iimpawu

Inhliziyo iyilungu ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Kuvela emsebenzini wakhe ongaphazamiseki ukuba zonke iinkqubo zomzimba womntu zithembele. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na ukuphambuka emsebenzini wakhe ngokukhawuleza kubangela uxhalabo kunye nokuxhalabisa. Ibinzana elithi "imisindo entliziyweni" ngamanye amaxesha kuninzi kakhulu abantu. Kodwa eqinisweni, oku akusoloko kubangele ukukhathazeka. Ukuseka izizathu zesandi entliziyweni kumntwana isifo se-cardiologist sinokuphela kuphela emva kwe-US kunye ne-electrocardiogram. Ngako oko, phambi kwexesha awufanele ukwesaba.

Izaziso entliziyweni ziyakwenzeka nanini na ubudala, kwaye kwenzeka njalo. Iingxelo zibonisa ukuba ezi zintathu zezingane (ngaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu), enye ibonwa ngumcebisi onokuphambuka. Kodwa ungesabi ngokukhawuleza, oku akusoloko kuyimpawu zesifo senhliziyo. Ukongezelela, iimbangela zeentliziyo ezigungqisayo kumntwana zingangqinelana nokuba umzimba wakhe awunakunikwa ngokupheleleyo.

Intlobo yengxolo entliziyweni

Izaziso entliziyweni zihlulwe zibe ziindidi eziphambili:

• I-Organic - kwinkqubo ye-cardiovascular pathology inokwenzeka;
• Ukusebenza - entliziyweni kunye neempahla ezinkulu azikho iziphoso okanye utshintsho olubi.

Ubuchwephesha bezobuchwephesha banamhlanje buye bakhombisa ukuba nayiphi na isandi sinexesha okanye esinye isizathu esichaphazelekayo. Ngaloo ndlela, kuvela ukuba zonke i-organic. Kwaye kuchanekile ngakumbi ukwahlula kwi-pathological and so-called innocent. Olu hlobo luvela kunye nempawu ezincinane zesimo senhliziyo, ezingenawo umphumo onzima kumsebenzi wequmrhu kwaye aphuli ukuhamba kwegazi. Abantwana abanempilo banokuchaphazeleka ukuba i-anemia ikhona okanye ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo (unyaka wokuqala wobomi, iminyaka engama-4-6, iminyaka engama-12-14), kunye nezinye iimeko.

Le ngxaki inokuvela ngokukhawuleza, kodwa iyakwazi ukubona intliziyo igungqeleka kumntwana ekuzalweni. Iimbangela zeminyaka engama-7 kamva zinganciphisa - zenzekile kwaye zinjalo. Oko kukuthi, emva kwexeshana, zonke izandi entliziyweni ziyakwazi ukuzimela zodwa.

Umsindo ongenamacala kunye neengxaki

Umntu ongenamacala kubandakanya umsindo oveliswe ngobungqina bezinto ezongezelelweyo entliziyweni, eziqhelekanga.

Ukongezelela, zinokuvela ngenxa yokuba:

• Ukukhula okukhawulezayo komntwana (intliziyo nje ayihambelani nophuhliso olukhawulezayo);
• Ukwandisa ukuguquguquka komntwana (iipilvesti zentliziyo ziguqa kalula);
• Hemoglobin ephantsi;
• Iinkalo ze-Anatomical zesakhiwo sezitho zangaphakathi;
• Ubuninzi bentliziyo encinci;
• Izifo ezithintekayo - ezibangela izibilini zentliziyo ezibuhlungu kubantwana.

Ingxolo yokugula ihamba kunye neempawu ezifana ne-cyanosis yesibindi, i-cyanosis yeminwe kunye nezipikili, ukuphefumla rhoqo.

Iimbangela zeentliziyo zibubula kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi komnye ubudala

Into elolo hlobo elolo hlobo ihlala ikhathaza abazali. Kwaye oku kulungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo, kuba ngaphambi kokuba uphando olupheleleyo alukho ndlela yokunika ingxelo yokuqala.

Iimbangela zeentliziyo ezibubulayo kubantwana beli xesha zingahluka kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, idibene nenyaniso yokuba umzimba udlula ukusuka kumjikelezo we-intrauterine ukuya kwinto eqhelekileyo, i-extrauterine. Iinqanawa zokulwa zomntwana ziphethe igazi elixutywe. Oku kungenxa yeziganeko zeenkqubo ze-cardiovascular system.

Ukuxutywa kwegazi

Iimpawu ezintathu ze-anatomiki zenza igazi elixutywe.

1. I-Arterial (okanye iBatalov). Idibanisa i-aorta kunye ne-pulmonary trunk
   Phakathi kwabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iyayeka ukusebenza emva kweeveki ezimbini, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ziqhubeka zisebenza kwiinyanga ezimbini. Ukuba i-EchoCG ibonise ukuba emva kolu xeshanye i-drive iyaqhubeka isebenza, ke oku bubungqina bokuba kukho isifo senhliziyo esiswini.
2. Iwindow ye-oval isendaweni ye-septum. Emva kwenyanga yokuqala, kufuneka ivalwe, njengoko uxinzelelo kwi-atrium ekhohlo landa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba oko akukwenzeka, ke ungakhathazeki. Ukuvalwa kwakhe kungenzeka kwaye unyaka okanye ezimbini emva kokuzalwa. Iwindwangu evulekileyo yefestile ayikwazi ukukhokelela ekuphazamiseni kwe-hemodynamic. Izaziso entliziyweni ngenxa yefestile engabonakaliyo ifowuni ibonwa njengengozi.
3. Umzila wesibindi udibanisa i- vein vein kunye ne-inferior vena cava. Le duct ilahleka ixesha elithile emva kokuzalwa, iguqula ibe zicubu ezixhamlayo. Oku kungenxa yokuwa kweendonga zayo. Ukuphuhliswa kwamanye amazwe kunqabile kakhulu, okungazange kumbandakanye kuye njengobangela wesifo senhliziyo esiswini.

ECG yokuqala

I-ECG yokuqala umntwana usenziwa emva kwenyanga yokuqala yobomi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhlukanisa imisindo entliziyweni. Xa kunokukrokrelwa kwe-pathology enzulu ithunyelwa ku-EchoCG.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, oogqirha bavame ukuhlolwa kwiinyanga zokuqala zobomi bathi kukho iingxolo entliziyweni yomntwana. Izizathu, uKomarovsky EO Uthi, mhlawumbi ayikho. Oku kuqhelekileyo kwintsana yale minyaka.

Ukungabandakanyi imisindo engenamacala e window evulekile, ungagxila kwi-pathological. Zithwala ingozi enkulu. I no kwenzeka:

1. I-Stenosis ye-pulmonary artery.
2. Vula i-arterial conduit.
3. Inkohlakalo ye-septum interventricular.
4. Ukubambisana kwe-aorta kunye nezinye iintsilelo zentliziyo.

Zonke ezi zifo zinesifo esinamandla, esibangela ukuba bafumaneke kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi. Ukuba i-vice inesigidimi esicacisiwe, ngoko unyango lunokwenzeka kuphela.

Imisindo kwiminyaka emibili

Iimbangela zeentliziyo ezibubulayo kwiminyaka engama-2 kwiimeko ezininzi zibangelwa ukugula. Imisebenzi ayiyi kuba yingozi enkulu kwaye ayinqabile kakhulu. Kodwa ke, xa kuphakama, kuyafaneleka ukwenza i-ECG ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zazingekho umsindo entliziyweni yomntwana. Izizathu ezitshutshisayo umntwana iminyaka eyi-10 zingaphalalala, njengoko umzimba uqhubeka ukhula.

Phantse kwiminyaka eyi-10-12, umthambo we-pulmary child's wider than the aorta. Emva kwexesha i-lumens yabo iyafana, kwaye ukuvuthwa kwezesondo kufaka ulwalamano oluphambene.

Kwiminyaka eyi-10, ukugungqa kwentliziyo kunempawu ezifana neempawu zekliniki zesifo senhliziyo. Kubalulekile ukuthobela iingqalelo zezikhalazo zabantwana ngenxa yentlungu entliziyweni, ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wakhe, ukuphazamiseka.

Iimpawu ze-Anatomical kunye nezobugcisa zenkqubo ye-cardiovascular system

Iveki yesibini yokuphuhliswa kwe-intrauterine inxulumene nentliziyo yokuzaliswa: iifom ezimbini zeenhliziyo ezizimeleyo zidibanisa emva kwexeshana zibe yinye ityhubhu enye ehlala kwingingqi yomlomo wesibeleko. Ukusabalalisa kwe-Placental kuqaliswa ukusekwa ekupheleni kwenyanga yesibini yokukhulelwa kwaye kuhlala kude kube sekuzalweni komntwana.

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, inkqubo ye-cardiovascular of fetus ineendlela ezintathu: i-arterial and venous traction. Ziyimfuneko ukuze lilahle igazi elingaphezulu. Ngaloo ndlela, intliziyo incediswa, kuba akukho phefumula kwaye uxinzelelo luphantsi.

Ukuhamba kwegazi akuxube ngokupheleleyo kwi-atrium efanelekileyo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba igazi, elidlula ngaphantsi kwe-vena cava, lidlulela kwi-atrium ekhohlo ngefestile ye-oval, kwaye ukusuka apho kuya kwi-ventricle ekhohlo. Ngelo xesha, igazi elivela kwi- vena cava eliphambili lihamba linye icala: kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo kwi-atrium efanelekileyo.

Uzalwe, umntwana usasaza imiphunga aze azalise ngegazi, ngelixa i-blood fetal lines linesondele. Ukususela ngeli thuba umntwana unomjikelezo wegazi we-extrauterine, oko kuthetha ukuba iimbalo ezincinci kunye ezinkulu zegazi zisasebenza. I-valve window ye-oval ivala ngenxa yokunyuka kwengcinezelo kwi-atrium ekhohlo (oku kungenxa yokudla kwegazi elikhulu). I-arterial duct ivaliwe phantsi kweempembelelo zentlungu, i-torsion ne-muscle.

Ukunyamekela ikamva

Ukuze ungakhathazeki ukuba kunokukho naziphi izizathu zengxolo entliziyweni yomntwana, bonke abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka banakekele impilo yengane yabo kwangoko ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Kufanelekile ukuyeka ukutshaya notywala. Umfazi okhulelweyo kufuneka abukele impilo yakhe, fumana zonke iivithamini eziyimfuneko. Oku kukhuthazwa kakuhle ngokutya okunempilo kunye okunomsoco, kunye nokuhamba emoyeni omtsha.

Kwi-90% yamatyala, isifo senhliziyo singasifumana nangona utero. Xa kuzalwa umntwana usheshe ahlole kwaye aphulaphule intliziyo yakhe. Ukuba kukho imfuno, uvavanyo lolandelelwano luqhutyelwa kwikamva elisondeleyo lokutyhila i-pathologies yokuzalwa.

Izizathu zeentliziyo ezibubulayo kumntwana kufuneka zichongwe ekuqaleni. Oogqirha abacebisi ukuba baphoswe iimviwo ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngexesha eliqhutywe i-ultrasound yeentliziyo kunye nezitho zomzimba zingabonisa intliziyo igungqeleka kumntwana. Izizathu zilula ukuqala ukuphelisa ngokukhawuleza, kunokulibazisa le nkqubo.

Uhambo olubalulekileyo oluya kwi-cardiologist

Iimbangela zeentliziyo ezigungqisayo kubantwana zihlala zilungele ukujonga kunye ne-cardiologist. Uviwo luya kuba lukhuphe i-pathology enkulu, okanye ugqirha uya kubeka ikhosi efunekayo yonyango. Ukuqwalaselwa kwincwadi ye-cardiologist kunye nokulandela imimiselo yakhe, emva kokuba umntwana enokuthi asuse ingxolo.

Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukubeka iliso rhoqo umntwana. Inani leempawu ezinzulu, ezinobungozi ziyakwazi ukuqaphela: izifo ezihlala zikhona, ukuphefumula , ukuphefumula okuphefumlelweyo, ukuphefumula okufutshane, i-cyanosis yolusu (inxantathu ye-nasolabial), njl. Ungalokothi ushiye unyango olunzulu. Utyando lunokuthintela iziphumo ezimbi.

Ukunceda umntwana

Ngethamsanqa, njengoko umntwana ekhula imisindo entliziyweni, izizathu zezi zinto zidlulayo. Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana ahlale eqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo, ukondla okwaneleyo (ngokukodwa umntwana ufuna iiproteni) kunye nokulala ngokwaneleyo. Ukutya kufuneka kubandakanye imifuno kunye neziqhamo.

I-cardiologist ekwamukelweni kufuneka icacise ukuba yiyiphi imilinganiselo yokusebenza ngokomzimba efanelekile kumntwana wakho. Akunakwenzeka ukunqanda umntwana we ntshukumo, ihlala inika amandla. Ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba kuya kuqeqesha umzimba kunye nentliziyo.

Ukuba isifo senhliziyo senzeke, kungcono ukuba ungayiguquli umsebenzi. Kungekudala unokunceda umntwana, kungekudala uza kubuya. Nangona kunjalo, ukungenelela kwongxamiseko kuyimfuneko kuphela kwiimeko ezinzulu. Ukuba eso sifo sichazwe kakuhle, ngoko kuya kwenzeka ukuba kuya kuba neyonyango kunye nokonyango.