Kalweni - it ... Inqaku 213 lomGaqo Criminal: kalweni

Ukuhlupha - lo mkhwa azamkelekanga nayiphi na indawo yoluntu. Oku kubandakanya Ukophulwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nokungabikho ngokukhawuleza intlonelo abantu. Inqaku 213 i-Code Criminal ithi ukuba ihambo phithi bukhatshwa sisohlwayo yabasebenzi yoluleko, ukubanjwa okanye avalelwe ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.

Imvelaphi elithi "yendele"

Kwinkulungwane XVIII kwi UK, Nkosi waphila igama okaZuma. impilo yakhe nokuchitha obungabangeli mdla. Ukuze kuziswe fun zabo zemihla ngemihla ububi, hlale iNkosi bayawugonyamela umyalelo zoluntu ngokwenza izenzo kalweni. Baba izenzo ayingozi eluntwini ezibangela abanye umonakalo ebantwini. Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla, bakubon 'ukuba akabizwa okaZuma. baba Bulelani oluntu ukuba yaqalwa yayo engundoqo igama yezenzo ezingekho mthethweni - Nkosi ekuxhaphaza. Iphephandaba Dictionary Brewer iye uguqulelo yayo ngemvelaphi yegama elithi "ukungcungcuthekisayo". Eyaziwa ncwadi ziprintwe uthi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ngasekupheleni umkhaya Sausvorke ezigcwele ukuba 'aphilisayo "ubomi mdla abemi funny, nokuba azamkelekanga kwizenzo uluntu. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje olubizwa indoda umxhaphazi lowo wenza izinto ezinobungozi eluntwini.

nobutyala ngenxa kalweni

Kule 20 ka kalweni kwinkulungwane yokugqibela "yatyatyamba" ngokupheleleyo. Emizini Russian benze yonke izenzo ezinjalo. Kuye ke ukumemeza ezitratweni iingoma bawdy, kwaye molesting amantombazana kunye engcolileyo, yaye aguqule ezikhumbuzo kunye nezinye izinto, kunye nokulwa anxile. Olu uluhlu engaphelelanga lwe kalweni kunokwenzeka, nto leyo kakhulu saa kwilizwe lonke. Kulo mba, urhulumente wagqiba ukuba athathe amanyathelo okujongana namatyala ezinjalo. Ngowe-1922, oko yasekwa kuqala nobutyala ngenxa kalweni. Inqaku efaka jikelele. Ubonelela isohlwayo ngohlobo ngebhaxa okanye avalelwe unyaka ukuya komnye. Kodwa kunokusetyenziswa ngenxa yeziphoso serious kakhulu nje. Isohlwayo nohlobo elinzima isenzo kwafuneka ukuba ukufakwa kwezinye izinto kweKhowudi Criminal. Ngowe-1924, izenzo kalweni awayexatyiswa tort yezolawulo. Kuba izenzo gqolo ayingozi eluntwini ziye emiselweyo isigwebo entolongweni. Ngowe-1926, phantsi kwe Code Penal ngenxa kalweni ukuba umoni lokuqala ixesha entolongweni iinyanga ezintathu. Ukuba ezi zenzo ababehamba uqhushululu, okanye Ndilicukuceze azenzileyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuba kubo, kunokwenzeka ukuba iinyanga ezingama-24 entolongweni. Ebutsheni bowe-1926, inkampani yokulwa le olwaphula le nkqubo yaqaliswa ngurhulumente. Ngowe-1935, ngokuba kalweni eyingozi ukuba "imali" iminyaka emihlanu umbuso engqongqo.

Inqaku 213 of Code Criminal

Namhlanje, phantsi ukungcungcuthekiswa ukuqonda olwaphula ukuze uluntu ngendlela krwada. A inkcazelo epheleleyo kolu luvo unika i-Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Art. 213). Kalweni apho echazwa isenzo esiyingozi, wenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo (lwezinto ukubuyisela izixhobo) nokudelwa ekuboniseni abantu. Le Code Russian Criminal ibonelela ngoku kulandelayo izohlwayo :

1. Ngabafakwa uviko iiyure 120 ukuya 180.
2. umsebenzi oluleko isithuba seenyanga ezi-6 ukuya ku-12.
3. Ukumbamba isithuba seenyanga-4 ukuya ku-6.
4. Entolongweni iinyanga ukuya ku-24.

Kuba kalweni eyingozi equka ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo okanye izinto indawo, ulungiselela entolongweni ukusuka kwiminyaka-4 ukuya kwelesi-7. Ukuba senzo lizibophelele yi iqela obulugelelanisiweyo, ukuquka iyelenqe kwangaphambili, kwaye kananjalo ngenxa ekubonelelweni uxhathiso abasemagunyeni okanye azenzileyo sele bezame iqumrhu loshishino enye, andule ukunyusa ngenxa amanqaku kweKhowudi zoLwaphulo kuye ukubonelela ngomsebenzi ezinyanzelekileyo (iiyure 180-240), imisebenzi yokulungisa (isithuba seminyaka 1-2), ukuvalelwa (ukuya kwiminyaka-5). Ukuxhaphaza engabizwanga gadalala, ukubethwa kunye nezinye izenzo ezisekelwe kubudlelwane ezinobutshaba zobuqu. Oku kuquka ngxwaba indlu. Kwezinye iimeko, izenzo ezinjalo ziya kuqwalaselwa ukuziphatha okubi, ukuba unayo injongo, iquka waphula umyalelo yoluntu kunye nemiqathango. Kalweni - na ulwaphulo ngabom ezenziwe ngenjongo ngqo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umoni esazi wenza isenzo waphula umthetho umyalelo lwentlalo lusekiwe.

Into kwaye ngokuxhomekeke betyala

RF Criminal Code umisela uxanduva ngezenzo kalweni. Kodwa kwithiyori imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga kusekho akukho kwimvumelwano malunga into betyala. Namhlanje, isifundo eso kucingelwa ukuba ucwangco loluntu, nto leyo iseti ubudlelwane kwaye igqiba indlela yokuziphatha abantu abaphula engenakwenzeka. Naliphi na ityala ngendlela ethile kuchaphazela ucwangco loluntu, kodwa oko akuthethi kalweni uhlobo nenjongo: umoni akayi afuna ukulimaza ngokwahlukileyo umntu athathwe okanye impahla yakhe. Isifundo owenza nawuphi na umntu oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. ulwaphulo-mthetho icala ayinyani luphawulwa ngolu hlobo. Umoni uyazi ukuba izenzo zakhe aphula esidlangaleni kwaye ivakalisa ukungabi nantlonelo kuluntu, kodwa ndinqwenela ukuba enze ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukusuka kwindawo ubhalo lwembono, izenzo zo- kukhona lutho ngokupheleleyo. Necala kunzima ukumisela lwabo baze ukulungisa oku ezingqondweni zabantu abathile. Ufuna ukuhlela ukuba wonke umntu ekrwada wakhe, izenzo ezingaqhelekanga amazwi ezingafanelekanga.

ukuziphatha badala

Izenzo ezinjalo kungathathwa lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye umthetho yolawulo. Ingcamango yesibini ibhekisa kwihambo phithi. Kuyaqondeka nje ukuhlaselwa esidlangaleni kunye nenzolo yoluntu. Ukubunjwa ihambo phithi ichazwe kwiSiqendu 158 Code of Administrative Amatyala. La manyathelo alandelayo ukuthini kuyo:

• inhlamba kwiindawo zoluntu;
• oyakuguqula ngezithuko;
• ukuhlukunyezwa ehlazisayo ebantwini;
• Ngabom, ayise Imibhalo ezingcolileyo kwi uthango ezindongeni;
• aguqule ezikhumbuzo kwezenkcubeko kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Olu luhlu luquka izenzo eliqela ezihlambela indlela yoluntu lusekiwe. Njengomgaqo, ihambo phithi - isenzo ngabom ezenziwe phambi kwabanye. Yaye zenziwa kuphela ngokuphathelele umntu ongaziwayo okanye angaqhelekanga. Amatyala ngokusekelwe ubutshaba zobuqu ubuso eziqhelekileyo, akujongwa ukuziphatha phithi. Uxanduva ngesigqitho yolawulo enxulumene yaphula ucwangco loluntu, ngabantu abaye wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Code of Amatyala yoLawulo unika uxanduva ngezenzo kalweni. Oku kunokuba fine yolawulo -mali ka-5-15 imivuzo yenyanga, okanye ukumbamba (kangangeentsuku ukuya ku-15). Isigqibo lokuwisa isigwebo ithatha yintloko ATS okanye isekela lakhe. ukuvalelwa Administrative isetyenziswa yi yijaji.

nokuziphatha kwabantu abahambela njenge lolwaphulo-mthetho

Ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho yahlukile ukusuka uhlobo mthetho lolawulo inyathelo abazimiseleyo kunye neqondo ingozi yoluntu. nobutyala ngenxa kalweni kwenzeka kwimeko apho:

1) lizibophelele kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, kwakunye ngabalawulwa endaweni yakhe;

2) ukuba uzibophelele ngenxa yobuhlanga iinjongo yembono, ezopolitiko,, wesizwe;

3) busekelwe intiyo yonqulo okanye baziintshaba omnye okanye amaqela ezininzi ekuhlaleni.

Phantsi umpu esetyenziswa kwisiphumo izenzo kalweni, ibhekisela umlilo, irhasi nengqele. Le Code Criminal yenza kucace ukuba inkqubo macala ubundlobongela ingasetyenziswa ngenxa imida yenkululeko yomntu. Kokuba kuchazwe yokubopha izandla, bahlasela kunye abangele nezinye nobungozi kwimpilo yabantu. Zonke izenzo ngendlela loo mthetho kufuneka wenziwe esidlangalaleni, phambi kwamangqina, kuphela kulo mzekelo ukuze zihlelwe kuluhlu lwe kalweni. Ukwenza-mthetho eluntwini, lo mntu ubonisa ukungabi nantlonelo lwakhe kuluntu. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ukungcungcuthekiswa kuthatyathwa kuyingozi izenzo kuluntu lwenziwa kungekho kwabantu. Amanqaku i-Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ekucaciseni ezi ngongoma. senzo intlalo eyingozi ithathwa njengokuba ityala apho:

• kukho kukwaphula komthetho ngendlela krwada;
• ebonakalisa ukungabi nantlonelo kwabonakala ngokucacileyo ukuba uluntu, nto leyo ichazwe ngoyaba imigaqo esisiseko indlela yokuziphatha, beneentloni, wavuma kuluntu.

Kalweni ngefoni

Foni kuyinto inzuzo enkulu yempucuko. Enkosi kuye, sinako ukuva umntu amawaka ambalwa kweekhilomitha kude. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ifowuni ingonakalisa ubomi. Njani? Namhlanje, ihlabathi isagquba kalweni yomnxeba. Amaxesha amaninzi, umntu uqala yokukhalisa nabantu igumbi angaqhelekanga ezinzulwini zobusuku kwaye irritatingly cwaka kwityhubhu. Kukwakho abo, ngenxa ihlebo yefowuni okanye akoyikise okhuphisana kwishishini. Kodwa ke amaxesha amaninzi ngomnxeba nabaxhaphazi abazithandayo bengonwabanga okanye abahlali, ngubani zisonqena "ulixhoba" calls zakhe yefowuni ngezityholo bengasiqondi. Oko lithethelela ukuba uyenze kwezi meko amapolisa? kalweni Telephone akukho nzima bana phandle. Ngoko ke, abenzi bobubi 'smart "ukusebenzisa le ndlela ukwenzakalisa komnye umntu. Ngokufuthi abantwana kalweni obandakanyekayo kunye nabantu abatsha ukuba fun. Kulo mzekelo, ifowuni inokuba ukungcungcuthekisayo ukuba ukusongela ukuba xa kubuya xelela abazali bakhe okanye uqhagamshelane amapolisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku ngokwaneleyo ukukumisa yokukhala elivisayo. Ukuba akwenziwanga inqanyulelwe, amapolisa kucetyiswa ukuba wenze oku kulandelayo:

1. Thenga Irekhoda.
2. Ngelo umnxeba elandelayo, ukuquka izixhobo nokurekhodwa kwesandi, waza kuyo waqhoboshela nefoni.
3. Zama ukuba nsinya incoko kunye fown engaziwa ukuba kunokubeka ulwazi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngawe.
4. Bhala umhla, ixesha kunye ixesha lomnxeba.
5. Ukuze eze kwisikhululo samapolisa kunye rekhoda uze ubhale isicelo ukuthintela ubunyani kalweni yefowuni. Amapolisa kufuneka uxelele umhla, ixesha umnxeba, ubude, kwaye ukunika cassette ifowuni ukurekhoda.

Kalweni kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiswe umntu

Emacaleni Injongo kunye zesimo kalweni kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiswe umntu phantse yinto enzima. Ukuziqhelisa egwebayo, kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zimbini ntlobo ze amatyala. Kodwa kukho uthotho yonke imiqathango evumela ukuba ukwahlula phakathi intlondi kunye neenjongo zakho isityholo sokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukuze uqonde oku, kuya kufuneka inqaku le Code Criminal - kalweni (213). Xa sihlalutya lo ulwazi oluthiwe thaca kuyo, ungabona ukuba iintshukumisa okaZuma ziphantse njalo umehluko.

1. Le ityala nxamnye izicwangciso ukuba yaqalwa ngamnye kwaye ilungiselela kuyo. isenzo sakhe ngasinye Bacinge neqondakalayo. Iintshukumo njengoko okukhathaza akukho logic ezahlukeneyo guquki.
2. Thina bahlupha Akukho ubutshaba zobuqu ixhoba; ukuba ndityale indlela, yena kuphakamisa ixhoba ukuba impi. Lo mthetho nxamnye ngabanye luphawulwa iminkqangiyelo ngononophelo. Apha, umoni ubasukelayo iinjongo zobuqu.
3. Ukuba ujonga ngeliso e ukwakhiwa uyangcungcuthekiswa, siyaqonda njani ukuba umoni ngezenzo zabo wenza okubi ngakumbi ucwangco loluntu, kunokuba umntu othile. Yena akanayo imigomo ukufezekisa nawuphi umphumo. Xa fana ngokuchasene umntu usoloko injongo ethile. Ukuba isenzo uzinikele kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, oko ukulungele kwangaphambili kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokukodwa njengoko senzelwe.

Kalweni kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho kwipropati

Amacala ezininzi ezifanayo kalweni. Of the Code Criminal, kwiSiqendu 167, inika poyasneie-mthetho kwipropati, nto leyo basoloko bexakaniseka kunye nezenzo okaZuma. umonakalo ngabom (umonakalo) impahla yommelwane wakhe luphawulwa iimpawu ezithile:

• ukutshatyalaliswa ngabom okanye umonakalo kwipropati;
• into yokuba isenzo zokuphatha impahla;
• izisusa izenzo ezinjalo ngemihla, yokuziphatha, ezoqoqosho.

Kalweni imiqondiso ezinjalo zikhona. Apha ke impahla itshitshayo kakhulu, kodwa kuxhomekeke umyalelo yoluntu. Izisusa lokwaphul 'umthetho onjalo ibhekiswe ephula ucwangco loluntu, hayi umonakalo kwipropati yomntu ngamnye. Ingxaki zokunyanzelisa umthetho ukuchaza kakuhle ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye abhekisele ukuba kudidi wezenzo kalweni okanye zobuqu. Kungenjalo kukho notyeshelo lwezimiselo eziphambili yomthetho mthetho, nto leyo isohlwayo ofanelekileyo cala.

Development endle komthetho exhaphaza

Kwilizwe kalweni ithathwa ulwaphulo "kwisikolo samabanga", nogonyamelo ngakumbi yaye bayazingca. Ngoku, urhulumente uyayiqonda into yokuba umntu ixabiso eliphezulu. Man kudala imfuno ephambili kobuhlobo nemvisiswano phakathi kwabantu, ukuhlonipha imithetho ulwalamano olunenkathalo kunye nokudalwa iimeko eziya kuqinisekisa kwisizwe esomeleleyo nesinempilo. Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo, wonke ummi unyanzelekile ukuba bagcine nemithetho esekwe yi imeko zokuziphatha ekuhlaleni kunye nokhuseleko. Abantu kufuneka bathobele imithetho, ezo ezijoliswe sigcine impilo yabantu. Xa ezi zinto zombini azenzeki, kukho ukungalingani kuluntu: kwiingozi kwenzeka, abantu abagulayo, wafa ubutyebi. Ngoko ke, iqondo eliphezulu ingozi luphawulwa kalweni. RF Criminal Code ehambisana imithetho ukubonelela uxanduva ukuhlasela ezijoliswe ngokomyalelo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu. Eli qela namacala uneempawu zawo. Ezi zenzo ngayo yaphula imisebenzi esekwe kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha yoluntu.

1. Kalweni - lulwaphulo-mthetho nxamnye umyalelo yoluntu lusekiwe.
2. It is a isenzo esiyingozi ekuhlaleni.
3. Ezo zinto zithathwa multi-site mthetho, ikhomishini leyo bayawugonyamela umyalelo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu.
4. Kalweni kubandakanya esisebenzayo, okukhokelela nokwaphulwa komthetho.

Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwephulophu kuphulaphula imimiselo yokuphumla, umsebenzi womntu ngamnye. Yaye ukuba ihamba kunye neendlela ezinobundlobongela, ngoko kukho ingozi nje kuphela yenkqubo yoluntu, kodwa kunye nobomi babantu. Ukongezelela, ukunyaniseka kwinqanaba lokuqala lendlela yokulwa nobugebengu obukhulu. Uninzi lweengcali zikholelwa ukuba umgaqo kule ndawo kufuneka uphuculwe kwaye uphuculwe. Ngokomzekelo, inqaku le- 213 yeKhowudi yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaseRashiya iFransi kufuneka ivelise uxanduva lwabantu abaququzelele ukuthunyelwa kobukhohlakali ngendlela yokungenzi. Namhlanje, izikhululo ze-ATS zisoloko zithatha ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokumelene nepropati kunye nobuntu ngenxa yezophulo. Ngenxa yesigqibo esingafanelekanga, isijeziso esingafanelekiyo sokwenqatshwa kwezinto ezinqabileyo. Ngoko ke, iingxaki zolwaphulo-mthetho zifuna ukuhlalutya ngokucokisekileyo Uxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho kulo mthetho kufuneka luqiniswe, kwaye inqaku elinikezelweyo kufuneka ligqitywe ukuze kufikeleleke ngokufanelekileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho. Emva koko isijeziso sobuqhetseba, obuya kuziswa, siya kulungelelanisa.