Ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana kunye nezifo zezityalo, ukuthintela kunye nokonyango

Ngethuba lokuqala kwehlobo egadi begadi imihla ngemihla inani lamatyala likhula kuphela. Kwaye ekuphambili akuyikutshala kunye nokunkcenkceshela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela izilwanyana kunye nezifo zityalo. Ulahleke ixesha, ungayithobeli imiqondiso ephazamisayo-kwaye unokucinga ukuba yonke into eyimisebenzi yomelele yachitheka, kwaye wasala ngaphandle kokuvuna. Ndimele ndithi abagadi beligadi banamhlanje kunye nabalimi beloli banikezelwa ngeenqwelo eziphezulu zendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuphepha isiphumo esinjalo. Ukukhuselwa kwiintlanzi kunye nezifo zezityalo kukuqinisekisile isivuno esihle kakhulu, kungenxa yoko, ekupheleni kwexesha elitsha lehlobo, le ngcaciso iya kuba luncedo kuwo wonke umntu.

Ukwahlulelwa kweendlela zanamhlanje zomzabalazo wempilo yomyezo

Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kuya kuba nzima ukuyiqonda. I-agronautics yanamhlanje iye yafunda kwaye yavelisa inani elikhulu leendlela zokulwa nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisongela umyezo wakho. Ngokusemgangathweni, bangahlukana ngamaqela amakhulu amane. Ukukhuselwa kwiintlanzi kunye nezifo zomyezo zingabonakalisa i-agrotechnical, kwaye iindlela ezivela kweli qela ziqwalaselwe ngokuthe ngqo namhlanje. Kwindawo yesibini yi-biological, ngoko-indlela engummiselo yokulawula iintlekele kwaye, ekugqibeleni, imichiza.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba engadini nasemasimini ivumelekile ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa intlobo yezindlela zokulwa nokukhusela izityalo. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela iqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwesityalo sakho. Kodwa enye yeendlela ngokwahlukileyo ayikwazi ukunikela ngokupheleleyo.

Kukho njalo

Ucinga ukuba, xa usebenzisa iindlela, ukukhuselwa kwezilwanyana kunye nezifo zezityalo kuya kuba yinto engcono kakhulu? Enyanisweni, abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba umphumo ophezulu uza kuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwezigulane. Nangona kunjalo, eYurophu, imimandla yomhlaba ehlonywe ngeendlela zezinto eziphilayo iyanda minyaka yonke, apho ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kungabandakanywa ngokupheleleyo. Okokuthi, abantu sele beqonda kakuhle ukuba zonke i "chemistry" kwindlela enye okanye enye ifika kuthi etafileni kwimifuno nezithelo ezilinywa. Enyanisweni, ukukhuselwa kwiintlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezifo zezityalo kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa akunjalo na phezulu kwintlawulo esiyihlawula yona? Yingakho iindawo zokulima kwendalo zikhula ngonyaka emva konyaka. Abantu baseYurophu baye baqalisa ukulawula okuqinileyo kwinqulatho yezilwanyana ezinobuncwane kwiimifuno neziqhamo, kwaye imfuno yemveliso ekhulile ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo iyanda.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Eyona nto ingcono umsebenzi oqale ukuhlwayelwa usenziwa, iingxaki ezincinane oza kuba nazo ngexesha lonke ihlobo. Ukukhuselwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwiintlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezifo kufuna ukucoca ngokucophelela komhlaba kwindawo ekwindla nakwentsasa, kunye nokutsala iintsholongwane ezikhuselekileyo ezikwazi ukukhusela izityalo ezinambuzane. Oku kuquka ukutyala kwezityalo zegadi ngokuya kwizicwangciso ezizodwa. Ezinye iinkcubeko zihlaziya izilwanyana, ezinye zicebisa umhlaba ngezinto ezibalulekileyo kwisityalo sesithathu.

Izifundo zexesha elide zibonise ukuba i-bubbling, lacewings kunye ne-ladybugs zingabulala malunga ne-50% yeefiyi kwizityalo. Ngako oko, umgadi wegadi unenzuzo ngqo ngokutsala ezi zinambuzane kwindawo yakhe. Ngenxa yale njongo, izindlu ezizodwa zakhiwo zakhiwe ngedonga, i-peat kunye neenkuni. Kujikeleza ukutshala izityalo eziqhambileyo zasendle, ezithandwa kakhulu yizinambuzane.

Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zokukhuselwa kwezityalo ezinxamnye nezilwanyana nezifo

Ezi ndlela zilula kwaye zisebenzayo ezingafuneki iindleko ezongezelelweyo. Banoqoqosho kunye nobume bendalo. Naluphi na umyezo wegadi owaziyo ngabo kwaye uyisebenzise ngokuyinxalenye kwisayithi yakhe. Ngamava kwakusungulwa ukuba imilinganiselo ye-agrotechnical eyona nto yayiza kuba ukulima kweentlobo zezityalo ezichasene nezilwanyana nezifo. Oku kubandakanya ukujikelezwa kwezityalo ezifanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokulima umhlaba, ukunamathela kwixesha elifanelekileyo lokuvuna kunye nokuvuna, ukuchumisa kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukukhula kwe-quality.

Khetha iindidi

Ukukhuselwa okuhlangeneyo kwezityalo ezinxamnye nezilwanyana kunye nezifo kubonisa ukuba ukuphumeza umphumo omuhle kufuneka usebenzise lonke uluhlu lwamanyathelo kwisayithi lakho. Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwiindidi ezikhethiweyo ukuphepha lo mbandela kwicala. Okokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuxhatshazwa kweziintlobo kwizifo nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane kunomdla. Ezi zikhombisi zixhomekeke kwiimpawu zesimo se-anatomical, physiological kunye ne-biological ngasinye. Iindidi nazo zinexinzelelo eyahlukileyo kwimonakalo yezinambuzane. Oko kukuthi, ngezinga elilinganayo lomonakalo kwezinye izityalo liyancipha, kodwa kwabanye kubonakala kungabonakali. Iintlobo zeentlobo zihlala zibonakaliswa ngokunyamezela okukhulu, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwisayithi yazo.

Ukujikeleza ukutsalwa

Enye inqubo efanelekileyo yokulima, eya kukhulisa kakhulu isivuno. Ukutshintsha kwezityalo ezikhulile kule ndawo yomhlaba kuyindlela yokwandisa ukuzala kwayo, kunye nendlela ebalulekileyo yokulawula inani leenambuzane kunye nokukhusela izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuba unyaka unyaka isityalo esinye sinotyalwa kwisityalo esinye, iintlobo zezilwanyana, iifungi kunye neentsholongwane zikhula ngokukhawuleza kuyo, de ifikelele kwinani elibi. Ngoku izityalo ziya kufa nje kwingcambu, ukuphoqa umlimi ukuba athathe isenzo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi

Iindlela zokukhuselwa kwezityalo ezinambuzane nezifo zimelelwe kwiimarike kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqala ngento yokuba umhlabathi onempilo uyakwazi ukuzinyamekela. Kwaye ukuyigcina imeko efanelekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usebenzise umququzelelo rhoqo, uhlume kwaye uqaphele ukhula ngokhula. Ukusetyenziswa kwezichumisi ze-organic and mineral fertilizer xa uphathisa isitifiketi kwizifo kukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwamahlumela enokumelana nomonakalo. Kwihlabathi enotyukisiwe kakuhle amahlumela anobungane, izityalo zikhula ngokukhawuleza, ukuphuhliswa kwezinambuzane kunye nezilimo ngokwazo azihambisani. Ngenxa yoko, iinambuzane zibulewe okanye azikwazi ukulimaza kakhulu.

Abalimi abaninzi kumava abo bayazi ukuba ukuchumisa nge-phosphorus fertilizer ngexesha lokubekwa kwamaqanda ngeenambuzane kunciphisa inani leenambuzane, umzekelo, i-superphosphate isebenza ngokufanelekileyo malunga ne-slugs. Ukumba ngokucophelela komhlaba ekwindla nakusentwasahlobo kukukhuseleka kakhulu kwiinambuzane, izifo kunye nokhula. Kule meko, i-pupae nezinambuzane ziphezulu kwaye zifa, kunye neengcambu zokhula.

Izilwanyana zasendle. Ukufunda ukuzikhusela

Ukukhusela intsimi yakho okanye intsimi enkulu yezoshishino kwizifo kunye neentlekele, kufuneka uqikelele ngokucacileyo iimfuno zenkcubeko ekhethiweyo kwaye ufunde iintshaba zayo eziphambili. Oku kuya kunika isicwangciso esithile senkqubo, esinokusebenza kakuhle. Indlela yokuqala yokuhlwayela izityalo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Oku kuya kuvumela ukufumana amahlumela omgangatho ongaxhatshazwayo kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nomonakalo wokulimala. Ngokomzekelo, ukuhlwayelwa kokutsha kwe-radish kwenza kube lula ukukhusela isityalo kwi- onion fly.

Iimpawu kunye nemigangatho yokuhlwayela imbewu nayo ibalulekile. Kwindawo ethile, inani elifanelekileyo lezityalo kufuneka libe khona. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukukhula nokukhula okuqhelekileyo, ngoko ke, ukuchasana nezifo. Ubunzulu bembewu ludlala indima.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho konke okufuneka ukwazi. Kutheni kubalulekile ukukrazula konke ukhula olubonakala kwinqanaba lomyezo? Ngenxa yokuba ingca yokhula iyindawo ethanda kakhulu yokudibanisa kwezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Apha baphumelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye bahlasele izityalo ezihlwayelweyo. Ukutya kokhula kwiintambo zomhlaba kunye neengweba, isilwane sesicabungulu kunye nezinye iintlobo zezinambuzane, kungakhankanywa ukuba inokhula yindawo yokuhlala yeebhaktheriya ezininzi.

Ukulwa nezifo

Izindlela zokukhusela izityalo ezivela kwiintlanzi kunye nezifo zinokudwetywa ngonaphakade. Nangona kunjalo, okokuqala kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezo ezinokusetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo, zifikeleleke kuzo zonke kwaye ziphumelele. Lawa amanyathelo okwenyama ukulwa neebhaktheriya, ii-virus kunye nezilwanyana. Ezi ndlela zisekelwe ngokusisiseko ekusetyenzisweni kwamaqondo aphezulu kunye namaqondo aphantsi kunye noshintsho kumngcipheko wendalo.

Umhlaba uchithe ngamanzi abilayo kunye neqabunga, igutywe ngefilimu kunye nokucutha phantsi kwemisebe yelanga okanye kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-heaters ezikhethekileyo. Ukuba i-greenhouse iyashushulwa ngoncedo lwe-TES ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izinambuzane ezivela kuyo yonke indawo ziya kubuthana khona. Kuhlala kuphela ukucima iifowuni zokufudumala kwaye uvule i-hotbed yobusuku ukuze bonke bafe ngenxa yenguqu yokushisa.

Ummandla omncinane wegadi ujonge kakhulu indlela yokulwa neenambuzane. Zizo zonke iintlobo zeengcambu, iigulin and rag iindandatho, iibhotile zamanzi, intamo yayo edibene nesiraphu kunye nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Izindlela zokucwangcisa iindlela ziquka ukutshabalaliswa kwezidalwa ezinambuzane ngokuncedisa ukugubha, ukudibanisa, ukutshabalalisa izilwanyana zasebusika, yinto yonke esiyenzayo kwisayithi lethu ehlobo.

Izindlela zezinto eziphilayo zokulwa nezifo zezityalo

Izinambuzane ziyingozi, uqonda izizathu zento eyenzekayo kwaye uqaphele iziphumo. Kwimeko yezifo (ibhakteria, i-fungal, viral), akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlolisise ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye oku akuyiyo kuphela insimu enkulu. Ukukhuselwa kwezityalo zangaphakathi kwiintlanzi kunye nezifo nazo zifuna ingqwalasela enkulu, ulwazi kunye nezakhono, kuba ngamanye amaxesha kunokwanela ukukhumbula usuku olulodwa, kwaye akunakukwazi ukugcina isityalo.

Kubonakala ngathi lixesha elide lokunganqikazi: sithatha kwisitoregi esinye isifo seentsholongwane, sesibini - ukusuka kwintsholongwane, kunye nokufuthwa nge-insecticide, kwaye sinokulala ngokuthula. Nangona kunjalo, cinga ukuba inxalenye yale "chemistry" iya kufikelela kuwe kwitafile kunye neziqhamo. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuzama ukuphepha isifo ngoncedo lwezinye iindlela, ukushiya ngasentla ichazwe ekugqibeleni.

Iinkqubo zezinto eziphilayo zokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zisekelwe ekusebenziseni izinto eziphilayo kunye neemveliso zabo ezibalulekileyo. Ungasebenzisa izinambuzane zezilwanyana ezinobhubhane kunye nezilwanyana, zizalwe ngokukhethekileyo kwezi njongo. Namhlanje udumo olukhulu lufumaneka ngezixhobo eziphilayo. Ezi ziyi-bacteria, i-fungi kunye ne-virus, eziyi-agent ezibangelwa zizifo zezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuphawulwe ukuba ngoncedo lweendlela ezinjalo, ukukhuselwa kwezityalo zeempawu ezinambuzane nezifo, oko kukuthi, abo bakhulile kwindawo evaliweyo, kusebenza kakhulu. Ziyakufanelekela izityalo zokugcina izityalo kunye neendawo zokugcina izityalo, kodwa emasimini kufuneka zidibene kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela. Namhlanje, izilungiso ezikhethekileyo ze-microbiological ziphuhliswa ukulwa nezinambuzane ezithile, kodwa ngoku ukukhetha kwabo kuncitshiswa ("i-Lepidocide", "Nemabakt", "Planrys").

"Iinqwelo ezinamandla": "i-chemistry" engadini yethu

Nangona kukho iinkolelo ezininzi, le ndlela isoloko isebenza kakhulu kwaye iphela. Ugcina iibhotile ezininzi zamachiza (Agroquiller, Betarus, Ditox, Picus, Enlil, Tsirax, njl.), Utyala kwaye uqhube umyezo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kukho konke, kunokunandipha ukuvuna kuphela. Okwangoku, ukukhethwa kweemali ezinkulu kakhulu, bonke banalo igama eliqhelekileyo - izibulala-zinambuzane. Eli qela liquka inambuzane, oko kukuthi, izixhobo zokulwa nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngona-nxalenye enkulu, zizonke, oko kukuthi, ziyakwazi ukunqanda ukuphuhliswa nokuveliswa kwanoma yiphi na inkathazo edlalwa yityalo. Bahlulwe ngamaqela amaninzi. Ezi zi-intanethi kunye ne-intestinal insecticides, fumigates. Unyango olwenziwe ngala mayeza lwenziwa kokubili ukukhusela nokulawulwa kwengxaki.

Ukukhuselwa kwamachiza kwizityalo ezichasene nezilwanyana kunye nezifo zisebenza kakuhle kwizifo zentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, ezisoloko zibangelwa ilahleko ezinkulu zezityalo. Ukwenza oku, sebenzisa inambuzane, nganye leyo eyenzayo kwi-agent engabangela isifo esithile. Cinga ukuba ezi zi yobisi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwangaphambili. Ukuphumelela kwabo kwamaconsi ngokukhawuleza ukuba uzama ukusindisa izityalo ezisezifo.

Iifungicides zenzelwe unyango lwembewu ukwenzela ukukhusela izityalo ezizayo kwizifo ezininzi. I-acaricides isebenze ngokuchasene nezilwanyana zasendle, eli qela lezinambuzane lihlala lixhatshazwa kwezinye iziyobisi. Ukuba iigundane zihlala zihlasela umyezo wakho, ngoko ke ngokubhekiselele ekusebenziseni iibumba kunye ne-lime kunye nokusasaza izibatha, ungasebenzisa i-rodenticides ekhethekileyo. Le yinto yamachiza yokulwa namagundane kunye nama-moles ("Goliath", "Fentolacin"). I-bactericides isebenze kakuhle kwizifo zebhaktheriya zomyezo. Ekugqibeleni, ukwenzela ukukhusela intsimi ukusuka kumaxhoba "angamaxhoba", ama-avicides akhethekileyo ayenziwe ("Averfos", njl.).

Ngokuqinisekileyo, nge "chemistry" kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi, kodwa inzululwazi ayimeme kwaye ihlakulela zonke iindlela ezintsha zokukhusela izityalo zintsimi kwizifo, ukhula kunye neentlobo eziza kuba neyona nto inobungozi kwimpilo yabantu. Iimitha zephilisi zanamhlanje zineepesenti eziphantsi kakhulu ezinobungozi. Xa isetyenziswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo ecetyiswayo kwimimiselo, umzimba awunobungozi obungaphezulu kunokuba, umzekelo, i-caffeine. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba zonke ezinye iindlela zokukhusela umyezo (agrotechnical, biological) asinalo ilungelo lobomi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabo kuphela kukunika umphumo obalaseleyo.

Masibhale iziphumo

Phakathi kwezi zixhobo ezikhethiweyo zingentla, ngamnye unokufumana enye efanelekileyo kakhulu yokuxazulula imisebenzi ejongene nayo. Omnye unendawo yokutshisa indlu, enye inomyezo wase-rose. Omnye uhlakulela imifuno kwinqanaba lomyezo kwintsimi yabo, kwaye umntu uhlakulela okusanhlamvu kwinqanaba lezorhwebo. Kukho nawuphi na, isityalo sisoloko sisongelwa ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane okanye ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezisongela ukutshabalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwesityalo. Ngoko ke, ukukhuselwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezityalo ezivela kwiinyanyakazi, izifo kunye nokhula ngumsebenzi oyintloko ngamnye wegadi.