TU-134: Ukucacisa

Enye edume Soviet moya Aviation wathabatha emoyeni ngo-1963.

moya ukudala

Ingqalo gqira waphawulwa lutshintsho izizukulwana ka moya. Le nguqulelo piston ukuya jet-moya umkhweli efunekayo ukwenza oomatshini abatsha ukuba kuphuculwe emoyeni. Ukongeza, ukwanda ukushukumiseka labemi kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho udale nemfuneko enkulu yeenkonzo zothutho emoyeni.

Endaweni ethandwa zaye yifumanisisi kakuhle piston moya ukubayinxalenye yokuhlela mihla elifutshane imigama. Yiyo lo msantsa kwafuneka ukuba athathe airliner jet TU-134.

Uyilo jikelele

Le projekthi yaphuhliswa Tupolev kuyilo ngokusekelwe imifuziselo ukusetyenziswa ngaphambili. amava Rich kuyilo kwezithuthi enkulu emkhosini moya waseburhulumenteni yanika isicelo ngempumelelo design izixazululo nobunjineli. We wasebenzisa ongekenziwa koomatshini enzelwe ngaphambili. Bayisa moya TU-134 iinkcukacha eziqinisekisa inkonzo ende kunye nempumelelo.

Ngelo xesha linye i-moya wabonakala groundbreaking ngeendlela ezininzi. Umthamo we matshini zazisuka kubantu amathandathu ukuya asibhozo, kuxhomekeka sebhodi. Xa zifakwe kwiindlela ngamazwe ukuya embindini umatshini, baziindidi zamkele abakhweli ezimbalwa.

Kuba kwiindawo lwasekhaya eqikelelwayo okuphumla umkhweli ngaphandle iiklasi, leyo abantu asibhozo umthamo. I-Tu-134 moya ngokuxhomekeke ubunzima iinguqulelo ezininzi ukutshintshwa uluhlu amane anesixhenxe iitoni emashumi mane aneminyaka esithoba ukuya.

iinjini

iinjini ezimbini turbojet zophuhliso lwasekhaya ibekwe kufuphi nomsila. Le meko gondola uvumelane ngokugqibeleleyo iimfuno ekuqaleni zazingenayo zokuchopha kakuhle axhotyiswe, nokuthintela kwii-izinto ezingezizo weenjini. Lugxile kwenjini nganye ifikelele kweetoni ezisixhenxe, nto leyo yenza ukuqala nge-moya ezimfutshane.

Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphuculwa iinjini kwaye endaweni ngexesha kuncendile ukulungisa. Ingami Isantya moya TU-134 yafikelela iikhilomitha asibhozo, anamanci mahlanu ngeyure kwi iinjini version yokuqala. Ngokubiyelwa iiyunithi lwamandla elungisiweyo, lenyuka leekhilomitha mane ngeyure nganye.

Isilwanyana sound injini Tu-134, kufutshane isandi amakhwelo ukufukuka negalelo moya ethandwayo recognizability eliphezulu. Inqanaba iyonke yengxolo eveliswe yi-injini ekuqaleni kunye ukukhwela yajika phezulu kakhulu. Oku kukhokelele kwiingxaki kunye nokusebenza moya moya ngamazwe emva kokuba kuqhinwe imithetho zongcoliseko ive.

uphuhliso kwemodeli

Imoto ibonakalise ukuba yimpumelelo enkulu kakhulu. Tu-134 wabonisa langoku amathuba aphezulu kunye nokuthembeka. yokuphatha Performance neempawu nayo ibe abayibonayo. Ebekwe kwi-moya TU-134 ka-yeyantlukwano ebhudla kunye nezithintelo ngamagingxi kwi isuka kunye kokwehla baba phakathi lincinci kulo udidi moya. Olu phawu kumatshini luye lwaphucuka flight njalo.

Indlala enkulu imifuziselo zokuqala Tu-134 yaba kukunqongophala saliphosa umva, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umgama elekhtrons lo matshini. Ukuba bavale yokungabikho Sib elekhtrons isicelo kunye airbrake. Uphuhliso kumatshini leyo inokuthi inciphise iimpawu eziye uwe sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso-moya jet.

Air Export Leader

moya TU-134 iye ithandwa kakhulu, kungekuphela kwiindlela eSoviet Union, kodwa kwakhona kumazwe angaphandle. Phantse ukususela ekuqaleni imveliso, waqala ukwenza iinqwelo-moya amazwe. Ukwandisa ulwazi imoto yaye wancedisa inxaxheba TU-134 kwi-Air Show ngamazwe 1969 e Le Bourget. Lo moya uye wabonisa kuphela inqanaba uphuhliso kushishino moya yiSoviet, kodwa indlela mihla ekudaleni Civil Air Fleet.

Ukongeza United of the awodwa eSoviet, umatshini esebenza kumazwe amaninzi eAfrika, Asia kunye Latin America. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinqwelomoya aba yinxalenye Air Force yaloo mazwe. Emva kokuba Ukuwa kweUSSR imoto laqhubeka ukugcina umoya ico.

Aviation Long

Iimoto ndifika le nkampani ngo-1966. Ekubeni moya emoyeni. Ke kaloku lo matshini kuphela iziphathi zabucala ekukhonzeni moya charter. Kodwa ngaphambi 2007, kwaba yinxalenye ngabasebenzi moya Russian kwaye ico nokwenza moya umkhweli rhoqo. Ngoko ke, lo matshini iye isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane.

Ukongeza buyo abakhweli kwiinkonzo rhoqo, ekhutshwe ulungiso inkonzo amagosa karhulumente kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Ezi iiplanga baxhotyiswa izinto ezongezelelweyo intuthuzelo kunye nokhuseleko longeziwe. Bamisa indawo yokuba inkqubo yonxibelelwano ngurhulumente okhethekileyo.

Kukho kwakhona utshintsho zomkhosi TU-134, ekujongwe ukuba ukuqeqesha abaqhubi kunye omkhulu of Aviation emkhosini. Enye iinguqulelo baxhotyiswe impumlo cone iimpawu, yasetyenziselwa uqeqesho pilot elide-uluhlu bomber.

Ukutyhubela imbali zemveliso, eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-mabini, oko wakhululwa phantse ezingamakhulu asithoba iikopi yeemoto zokuguqulwa ezahlukeneyo. Kwesi salathisi Tu-134 bobabo weyona mizekelo yandayo moya umkhweli Soviet.

ugunyaziso

Ukongeza iphelelwe yobugcisa kunye netheknoloji kumatshini, indima enkulu ukugxothwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo oye wadlala iqondo isandi mveliso. imimiselo New ICAO kuphelisa kwiindawo ezininzi zamazwe ngamazwe ancedisayo yi-Tu-134. Imimandla ezishiyekileyo ayikwazanga ukunika umfuziselo operation yoqhawulo-nkqu kunye nokhuphiswano kunye moya wesimanje kubavelisi kumazwe angaphandle kunye zasekhaya.

Nangona moya yaveliswa de 1987, kwalapha rhoqo bayeka ukusebenzisa ngayo ngo-2008, oomatshini ezinye iibrand ukutshintshwa. Namhlanje iyaqhubeka imveliso yeemoto kule modeli kwezinye izakhiwo yokuhamba lomoya. Noko ke, ixesha kuthatha layo, omncinane-moya yale brand iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu. Ngaphezu kwekhulu odiza indlela ebekusaya uhlala yinxalenye-moya, kodwa isiphelo imbali obungangamsha kwizibulo moya umkhweli eSoviet ayikho kude.

Iingozi okanye izehlo

Iminyaka emininzi, ukuba Tu-134 olwenziwa emoyeni, hayi ngaphandle iingozi. Kodwa ndiza baqhubeka ingqalelo umatshini ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo. Aircraft intlekele Tu-134 Akufane ezinxulumene ne kuyilo matshini, amacandelo kunye neendibano.

Inxalenye ephambili yale ntlekele yaba sisiphumo kuqondana okanye into zabantu. Lo moya wenziwa utyando phantsi kweemeko apho musa bawahloniphe izinga lokhuseleko moya efunekayo, hayi nje kuphela kweli USSR kodwa kumazwe asakhasayo. iimatshini lezixhobo wadibana imigangatho eli xesha apho yayiyilwe, kunye neziqinisekiso ezifunekayo kunye noxanduva yabasebenzi kunye neenkonzo zomhlaba.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka yokusebenza ye Tu-134 ngenxa yezizathu ezinxulumene nemisebenzi zomkhosi, oko kulahlekileyo ngaphezu amathandathu anesihlanu moya, yabulala ukuya kwenye enesiqingatha amawaka abantu.